1992 Roermond earthquake

Strongest recorded earthquake in the Netherlands and in Northwestern Europe October 2024 1992 Roermond earthquake Netherlands 1992-04-13 01:20:00 295572 usp00055q3 yes 1992 04 13 03:20:00 5.8 l y5.3 w yhttp://bib.gfz-potsdam.de/pub/str0302/0302_cat.pdf An earthquake catalogue for central, northern and northwestern Europe based on Mw magnitudes / Annex. STR 03/02 GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam 20 February 2015 142 51.16 5.95 inline, title Dip-slip 18.0 km on Netherlands, Germany and Belgium 8M 5.4 – 1 km W of Kessenich, Belgium https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00055q3/impact USGS-ANSS 23 August 2021 1 dead, 46 injuredRare European Quake Leaves 1 Dead, 46 Hurt https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-04-14-mn-161-story.html 23 August 2021 Associated Press The New York Times 14 April 1992 The 1992 Roermond earthquake occurred on 13 April, around 3:20 AM (1:20 UTC) with a moment magnitude of 5.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). Striking on the Peel Boundary Fault, a normal fault near Roermond, it was the strongest recorded earthquake in the Netherlands and in Northwestern Europe, and caused substantial damage to older buildings in the Netherlands and adjacent countries of Belgium and Germany. A series of aftershocks followed. Tectonic setting The city of Roermond lies above the Roer Graben, which forms the southeastern part of the Lower Rhine Graben (or Lower Rhine Embayment). These structures form part of the European Cenozoic Rift System, which formed within the foreland of the Alpine orogeny. The Roer graben formed during the Paleogene and is currently active as shown by the thickening of Quaternary sedimentary rocks into the basin. The graben is bounded by NW-SE trending normal fault systems, with the largest fault being the southwest-dipping Peel Boundary Fault, which displaces the base of the Quaternary sequence by about 175 m.http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/116/3/663.full.pdf Source mechanism of the 1992 Roermond earthquake from surface- wave inversion of regional data Braunmiller J., Dahm T. & Bonjer K-P. Geophysical Journal International 1994 116 3 663–672 10.1111/j.1365-246x.1994.tb03288.x 1994GeoJI.116..663B free All the major faults show evidence of neotectonics.http://www.falw.vu/~balr/pubs/Houtgastetal2000.pdf Neotectonics of the Roer Valley Rift System, the Netherlands Houtgast R.F. & van Balen R.T. Global and Planetary Change 2000 27 1–4 131–146 10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00063-7 2000GPC....27..131H 21 February 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010201/http://www.falw.vu/~balr/pubs/Houtgastetal2000.pdf 24 September 2015 usurped Location thumb|180px|USGS Shakemap for the earthquake thumb|160px|Focal mechanism diagram for the earthquake The earthquake's focal mechanism showed almost pure normal faulting on a plane dipping southwest at 68°, identified as the Peel Boundary Fault.http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/116/3/673.full.pdf Source parameters for the Roermond aftershocks of 1992 April 13- May 2 and site spectra for P and S waves at the Belgian seismic network Oncescu M-C., Camelbeek T. & Martin H. Geophysical Journal International 1994 116 3 673–682 10.1111/j.1365-246x.1994.tb03289.x 1994GeoJI.116..673O free The epicentre of the earthquake lay kilometers away from the south of Roermond. Intensity The earthquake was recorded as 5.8 on the Richter scale (5.3 on the moment magnitude scale) and a maximum intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale.http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/27523/aardbeving_bij_roermond_13_april_1992 Aardbeving bij Roermond 13 april 1992 Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute 31 May 2010 18 February 2014 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131205220210/http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/27523/aardbeving_bij_roermond_13_april_1992 5 December 2013 nl An intensity of VIII means considerable damage to poorly built structures and heavy furniture is overturned.http://crack.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/100/mercalli.html The Modified Mercalli Scale of Earthquake Intensity The Nevada Seismological Laboratory 18 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20110720094403/http://crack.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/100/mercalli.html 20 July 2011 dead The earthquake was not evenly spread as some areas were hit harder than others. This earthquake could be felt as far away as the Czech Republic, Switzerland, France and England. Damage and casualties In the regions between Roermond, Maaseik (Belgium), and Heinsberg (Germany), buildings, especially old buildings, and cars were destroyed. Two churches in Roermond, the Munsterkerk and Minderbroederskerk, were heavily damaged.nl Munsterkerk https://web.archive.org/web/20170909004537/http://www.roermond.nl/4/Cultuur-Monumenten/Munsterkerk.html 9 September 2017 , Municipality of Roermond. Retrieved on 25 February 2015.nl Minderbroederskerk https://web.archive.org/web/20150225121956/http://www.roermond.nl/4/Cultuur-Monumenten/Minderbroederskerk.html 25 February 2015 , Municipality of Roermond. Retrieved on 25 February 2015. The economic cost of the earthquake was estimated to be around 275 million guilders (around 125 million euros), of which 170 million guilders (around 77 million euros) of damage in the Netherlands. A 79-year-old woman died of a heart attack in Bonn. Aftershocks The earthquake was followed by more than 200 aftershocks.Camelbeeck T. Van Eck T. Pelzing R. Ahorner L. Loohuisz J. Haak H.W. Hoang-Trong P. Hollnack D. 1994 The 1992 Roermond earthquake, the Netherlands, and its aftershocks https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233659838 Geologie en Mijnbouw 73 181–197 25 February 2015 See also List of earthquakes in the Netherlands References External links Roermond Roermond Earthquake Roermond Earthquake Category:April 1992 in Europe Category:Earthquakes in Europe Category:Natural disasters in Belgium Category:Natural disasters in Germany Category:Natural disasters in the Netherlands Category:History of Limburg (Netherlands) Category:Roermond Category:1992 disasters in Europe Category:1992 disasters in Belgium Category:1992 disasters in Germany Category:1992 disasters in the Netherlands