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10 years without the right of correspondence
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Euphemism for execution in Stalin's Soviet Union
"10 years without the right of correspondence" (ru Десять лет без права переписки Desyat' let bez prava perepiski) was a clause that appeared in sentences of many victims of political repression during the Stalinist Great Purges in the Soviet Union. It implied a death sentence. It was used to keep family relatives of those executed uncertain as to the fate or whereabouts of the victims.
Meaning
"10 years without the right of correspondence" was used as a euphemism to cover the true nature of a court sentence.https://books.google.com/books?id=ubXQSk2qfXMC The Great Terror: A Reassessment Conquest Robert 2007 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-531699-5 live https://web.archive.org/web/20171003225037/https://books.google.ru/books?hl=ru&id=ubXQSk2qfXMC&q=%22Without+the+right+of+correspondence%22#v=snippet&q=%22Without%20the%20right%20of%20correspondence%22&f=false October 3, 2017486
In many cases during the late 1930s 'Great Purge' campaign of political repression, the sentence "10 years of corrective labor camps without the right of correspondence" was announced to relatives, while the paperwork contained the real sentence: "the highest degree of punishment: execution by shooting"."An Aluminum Cross", a documentary case published in Zvezda magazine #7, 2003Cohen Stephen F. Stephen F. Cohen The Victims Return: Survivors of the Gulag After Stalin I. B. Tauris 2011 London 68 https://books.google.com/books?id=93VBLt66TDoC 978-1-84885-848-0 Many people did not understand the official euphemism and incorrectly believed that their relative was still alive in prison.
As Alexander Solzhenitsyn put it in The Gulag Archipelago:
"Deprived of the right to correspond." And that means once and for all. "No right to correspondence"—and that almost for certain means: "Has been shot."The Gulag Archipelago Solzhenitsyn Alexander Alexander Solzhenitsyn 1974 Harper Perennial New York, NY 0-06-092103-X I 6
For example, all of the bodies identified from the mass graves at Vinnytsia and Kuropaty were of those people that had received "10 years without the right of correspondence".August 2023
Notable victims
Mikhail Koltsov (a Soviet writer and correspondent, referred in Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls), executed February 2, 1940. When his brother, Boris Efimov, by a miracle got an appointment with Vasiliy Ulrikh, the latter told him that Koltsov was such sentenced.Михаил Ефимович Кольцов — За что? Почему? (часть-1)
Matvei Petrovich Bronstein (executed in 1937), theoretical physicist and a pioneer of quantum gravity.
Volodymyr Zatonsky (executed 29 July 1938), Ukrainian Soviet leader
In culture
In 1990 Russian film director Vladimir Naumov shot a Russian-German film Ten Years without the Right of Correspondence with this title ru Десять лет без права переписки (фильм).МОСКВА В КИНОФИЛЬМЕ "Десять лет без права переписки" based on the novel Ударом на удар, или Подход Кристаповича by Aleksandr Kabakov.К 80-летию писателя: на Поварской состоялась дискуссия о фильме «Десять лет без права переписки»
See also
Nacht und Nebel
By administrative means
References
Category:Euphemisms
Category:Political repression in the Soviet Union
Category:Law of the Soviet Union
Category:Soviet cover-ups
Category:Capital punishment
Category:Soviet phraseology