1788–89 United States House of Representatives elections

House elections for the 1st U.S. Congress January 2026 January 2026 1788–89 United States House of Representatives elections United States 1777 legislative no 1st United States Congress 1790–91 United States House of Representatives elections 1790 & 1791 All 59 seats in the United States House of Representatives"excl" Not including the six seats were added by North Carolina and Rhode Island after the start of this Congress. 30 November 24, 1788 – March 5, 1789"excl" x180px Pro-Administration Party (US) Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg by Joseph Wright, 1790, oil on canvas with applied wood strip, from the National Portrait Gallery - NPG-7400002A 2.jpg Frederick Muhlenberg PA AL T 37Party Divisions of the House of Representatives, 1789 to Present US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/ 2024-06-30 history.house.gov en"late" Includes late elections: North Carolina and Rhode Island ratified the United States Constitution after the 1st Congress had started to meet, and did not hold their elections for U.S. representatives until February and August 1790, respectively. Anti-Administration Party (US) James Madison by Gilbert Stuart 1804.jpeg James Madison VA 5 T 28"late" 300px Results by faction 300px Results by if the elected member had been a Federalist or Anti-Federalist 1 320px Results:"late"#008000 Pro-Administration gain #91e718 Anti-Administration gain#808080 Undistricted territory Speaker Frederick Muhlenberg Pro-Administration Party (US) The 1788–89 United States House of Representatives elections were the first U.S. House of Representatives elections following the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. Each state set its own date for its congressional elections, ranging from November 24, 1788, to March 5, 1789, before or after the first session of the 1st United States Congress convened on March 4, 1789. They coincided with the election of George Washington as the first president of the United States. With the new form of government needing to be operational prior to the completion of the first national census, ArticleI, Section 2, Clause3 of the U.S. Constitution set a temporary apportionment of seats. Among the original 13 states, 11 of them ratified the Constitution and elected 59 total representatives. North Carolina and Rhode Island did not ratify the Constitution until after the 1st Congress began, and consequently did not elect their representatives until 1790. Actual political parties did not yet exist, but new members of Congress were informally categorized as either "pro-Administration" (i.e., pro-Washington and pro-Hamilton) or "anti-Administration". The first session of the first House of Representatives came to order in Federal Hall, New York City on March 4, 1789, with only thirteen members present. The requisite quorum (thirty members out of fifty-nine) was not present until April 1, 1789. The first order of business was the election of a Speaker of the House. On the first ballot, Frederick Muhlenberg was elected Speaker by a majority of votes.The first Speaker of the House, Frederick A.C. Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1800-1850/The-first-Speaker-of-the-House,-Frederick-A-C--Muhlenberg-of-Pennsylvania/ 2026-03-09 history.house.gov en The business of the first session was largely devoted to legislative procedure rather than policy. Election summaries ArticleI, Section 2, Clause3 of the U.S. Constitution set a temporary congressional apportionment until the first national census was completed in 1790. In the 18th and much of the 19th century, each state set its own date for elections. In many years, elections were even held after the legal start of the Congress, although typically before the start of the first session. In the elections for the 1st Congress, five states held elections in 1788, electing a total of 29 Representatives, and six held elections in 1789, electing a total of 30 Representatives. Two states, North Carolina and Rhode Island, did not ratify the Constitution until November 21, 1789 and May 29, 1790 respectively, well after the Congress had met for the first time, and, consequently, elected representatives late, in 1790, leaving North Carolina unrepresented in the 1st session and Rhode Island in the 1st and 2nd sessions of a total of 3 sessions. State Type Date ↑ Totalseats Anti-Administration Pro-Administration General elections South Carolina Districts November 24–25, 1788 5 3 2 Pennsylvania At-large November 26, 1788 8 2 6 New Hampshire At-large December 15, 1788New Hampshire had a majority vote requirement for election. No representatives were elected in the general election and three were returned at a subsequent trial held February 2, 1789. 3 1 2 Massachusetts Districts December 18, 1788Massachusetts had a majority vote requirement for election. Four representatives were elected in the general election and four in subsequent trials, a total of 5 trials had to be held between January 29, 1789 and May 11, 1789. 8 2 6 Connecticut At-large December 22, 1788 5 0 5 Delaware At-large January 7, 1789 1 0 1 Maryland At-large / DistrictsMaryland had six representatives elected by the whole state electorate, who had to choose one candidate from each district. January 7–11, 1789 6 4 2 Virginia Districts February 2, 1789 10 7 3 Georgia At-large / DistrictsGeorgia had three representatives elected by the whole state electorate, who had to choose one candidate from each district. February 9, 1789 3 3 0 New Jersey At-large February 11, 1789 4 0 4 New York Districts March 3–5, 1789 6 3 3 Late elections North Carolina Districts February 1790 5 3 2 Rhode Island At-large August 31, 1790 1 0 1 Total"late" 65 2843.1% 3756.9% House seats #ddd 600px 650px Pro-Admin Pro-Administration Party (US) 56.92 Anti-Admin Anti-Administration Party (US) 43.08 File:1788–89 United States House of Representatives elections, arch diagram.svg #00CC22 Pro-Administration #CCFF66 Anti-Administration House composition Beginning of the 1st Congress         A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A P P P P Majority → P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P   P P P P P P P P P       End of the 1st Congress (1791) Six seats were filled late because North Carolina and Rhode Island ratified the Constitution late. One pro-Administration representative resigned and the seat remained open at the end of the Congress. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A V P P P Majority → P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Key: A = Anti-Administration P = Pro-Administration V = Vacant Special election This was the first special election to the United States House of Representatives. Special elections to the United States House of Representatives |- ! nowrap | NH AL X | Benjamin West | | Pro-Administration | 1788/89 | | Member-elect (see below) chose not to serve.New member elected June 22, 1789.Pro-Administration hold. | nowrap | Pro-Administration Party Abiel Foster (Pro-Admin.) 1,804 votes 58.3% Anti-Administration Party (US)John S. Sherburne (Anti-Admin.) 538 votes 17.4% UnknownJames Sheate (Unknown)"np" Party affiliation not available 190 votes 6.1% UnknownElisha Payne (Unknown)"np" 139 votes 4.5% UnknownJoshua Atherton (Unknown)"np" 112 votes 3.6% UnknownNathaniel Peabody (Unknown)"np" 86 votes 2.9% Pro-Administration Party (US)Simeon Olcott (Pro-Admin.) 76 votes 2.5%https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=279423 Our Campaigns - NH At-Large - Special Race - Jun 22, 1789 www.ourcampaigns.com November 6, 2019 |} Connecticut 1788 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut List of United States representatives from Connecticut District Result Candidates Connecticut AL X5 seats on a general ticket Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) Benjamin Huntington"nd" Source does not give numbers of votes. (Pro-Admin.) Pro-Administration Party (US) Roger Sherman (Pro-Admin.) Pro-Administration Party (US) Jonathan Sturges (Pro-Admin.) Pro-Administration Party (US) Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (Pro-Admin.) Pro-Administration Party (US) Jeremiah Wadsworth (Pro-Admin.) UnknownJohn Chester (Unknown) UnknownJesse Root (Unknown) UnknownJedediah Strong (Unknown) UnknownErastus Wolcott (Unknown) Pro-Administration Party (US)James Hillhouse (Pro-Admin.) UnknownJohn Treadwell (Unknown) Pro-Administration Party (US)Stephen Mix Mitchell (Pro-Admin.) Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration win. Delaware 1789 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware List of United States representatives from Delaware Delaware had a single representative. The election was held January 7, 1789. Under the law at the time, each voter cast two votes for representative, at least one of whom had to be from a different county.http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.uscongress.1789 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825 - Delaware 1789 U.S. House of Representatives Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University June 3, 2018 January 29, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150129054451/http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.uscongress.1789 dead District Result Candidates Delaware AL X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) John Vining (Pro-Admin.) 898 votes (43.6%) Anti-Administration Party (US)Rhoads Shankland (Anti-Admin.) 491 votes (23.9%) UnknownGunning Bedford Jr. (Unknown) 308 votes (15.0%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Joshua Clayton (Pro-Admin.) 272 votes (13.2%) UnknownAllen MacLean (Unknown) 90 votes (4.4%) Georgia 1789 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia List of United States representatives from Georgia Georgia had a mixed at-large/district system for the 1st Congress. Representatives were elected at-large, but for three district-based seats. District Result Candidates Georgia 1 X"Lower district" Anti-Administration win. https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/b2773w18h A New Nation Votes Anti-Administration Party (US) James Jackson (Anti-Admin.) 50.89% (604 votes) UnknownWilliam Houstoun (Unknown) 33.61% (399 votes) UnknownHenry Osborne (Unknown) 14.49% (172 votes) Others UnknownJames Seagrove (Unknown) 0.59% (7 votes) Others 0.42% (5 votes) Georgia 2 X"Middle district" Anti-Administration win.A New Nation Votes https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/x920fx75n 2024-12-21 elections.lib.tufts.edu Anti-Administration Party (US) Abraham Baldwin (Anti-Admin.) 69.19% (1,096 votes) UnknownHenry Osborne (Unknown) 15.21% (241 votes) UnknownJoseph Sumner (Unknown) 10.42% (165 votes) UnknownIsaac Briggs (Unknown) 2.65% (42 votes) Others UnknownWilliam Houstoun (Unknown) 1.45% (23 votes) UnknownJames Jackson (Unknown) 0.57% (9 votes) Others 0.51% (8 votes) Georgia 3 X"Upper district" Anti-Administration win.A New Nation Votes https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/rf55z808j 2024-12-21 elections.lib.tufts.edu Anti-Administration Party (US) George Mathews (Anti-Admin.) 96.26% (1,158 votes) UnknownHenry Osborne (Unknown) 2.00% (24 votes) Others UnknownAnthony Wayne (Unknown) 0.67% (8 votes) UnknownJoseph Sumner (Unknown) 0.42% (5 votes) Others 0.67% (8 votes) Maryland 1789 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland List of United States representatives from Maryland Maryland had a mixed district/at-large system similar to Georgia's. Under Maryland law, "candidates were elected at-large but had to be residents of a specific district with the statewide vote determining winners from each district."http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.uscongress.1789 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825 - Maryland 1789 U.S. House of Representatives Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University January 17, 2015 March 5, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031338/http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.uscongress.1789 dead District Result Candidates Maryland 1 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Michael J. Stone (Anti-Admin.) 65.36% (5,154 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)George Dent (Pro-Admin.) 34.64% (2,731 votes) Maryland 2 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Joshua Seney (Anti-Admin.) 100% (7,616 votes) Maryland 3 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Benjamin Contee (Anti-Admin.) 70.07% (5,476 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)John F. Mercer (Anti-Admin.) 29.93% (2,339 votes) Maryland 4 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) William Smith (Anti-Admin.) 69.08% (5,415 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)Samuel Sterett (Anti-Admin.) 30.92% (2,424 votes) Maryland 5 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) George Gale (Pro-Admin.) 70.74% (5,456 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)John Done (Anti-Admin.) 23.75% (1,832 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)William V. Murray (Pro-Admin.) 5.51% (425 votes) Maryland 6 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) Daniel Carroll (Pro-Admin.) 74.77% (5,819 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)Abraham Faw (Anti-Admin.) 25.23% (1,964 votes) Massachusetts List of United States representatives from Massachusetts Massachusetts House Elections, December 18, 1788 – May 11, 1789 Pro-Administration Party (US) 6 elected 6,232 54.4 Anti-Administration Party (US) 2 elected 5,228 45.6 Massachusetts required a majority vote, necessitating additional votes if no one won a majority. This was necessary in 4 of the districts. In the fourth district, The first election in the district was in part a reflection of the rivalry between Hampshire and Berkshire counties. Berkshire was the less populous county, but four of the six candidates who received the most votes - Theodore Sedgwick, William Whiting, Thompson J. Skinner, and William Williams - were residents of the county. The two Hampshire candidates were Samuel Lyman and John Worthington. The first election did not reflect the fact that the two counties were centers of agrarian discontent and of support for Shays's Rebellion. Nor did it reflect the fact that in the state Convention the Hampshire delegates voted 32 to 19 and the Berkshire delegates voted 16 to 6 against ratification of the Constitution. Only Whiting was regarded as a Shaysite and an Anti-Federalist, while the other five men were Federalists - and two of these - Worthington and Williams - had been virtual if not actual Loyalists during the Revolution. The issue of amendments to the Constitution was not raised during the first election in the district, but it became so important in the ensuing elections that Theodore Sedgwick, who opposed amendments, publicly promised to support them before the fifth election, which he won. The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections: 1788-1790 I 603 In the fifth district, The only problem was whether Partridge could retain his post of sheriff of Plymouth County and accept a seat in Congress, as he had done in 1779-1782 and 1783-1785. He received a certificate from Governor Hancock on 10 January notifying him of his election. Partridge wrote three letters to the Governor. In the first, which he apparently did not send, he refused the appointment. He accepted in the two following letters but explained that he would not take the seat if he had to give up his post as sheriff (12, 20 January, 23 February). The issue of whether or not a state officeholder could retain a state post and still serve in Congress had been and would be raised in other states. On 12 February Governor Hancock asked his Council for advice about Partridge and about George Leonard, judge of probate in Bristol County, who had been elected to Congress from the Bristol-Dukes-Nantucket District. The Council replied in writing the same day that it was 'inexpedient' for a man to hold the office of judge of probate and a seat in Congress, but that it did not find anything in the state constitution which prevented a sheriff from also being a member of Congress. The Council advised, however, that it would be inexpedient to introduce the practice of sheriffs being absent for long periods although Partridge 'may at present be indulged' and take a seat in Congress 'consistently with the safety of that county' (Council Proceedings, Thursday 12 February, M-Ar). The next day Governor Hancock sent the Council's written reply to the legislature and asked for its advice (13 February, Miscellaneous Legislative Documents, House Files, M-Ar). The two houses appointed a joint committee which wrote a report that was approved and sent to the Governor on Monday, 16 February. The legislature declared that if George Leonard continued to hold the office of judge of probate and also took a seat on Congress, any future legislature would address the Governor authorizing him and the Council to appoint another person judge of probate in Bristol County. But the legislature refused to give advice about George Partridge. It pointed out that sheriffs served during the pleasure of the governor, and (with the advice of his Council) were removable by him at any time. Sheriffs were not removable in any other way except through impeachment by the House and a trial before and conviction by the Senate. Therefore the House and Senate declared that intervention by the legislature was 'neither necessary or proper; and from the conduct and advice of your Council, they see no reason to doubt the wisdom of that constitutional provision' (House and Senate Proceedings, 13, 14, 16 February). The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections: 1788-1790 I 575–76 In the eighth district, It was evident before the elections were completed in Worcester District that a candidate who did not support amendments to the Constitution had no chance of winning. The three leading candidates in the three Worcester District elections were Jonathan Grout, Timothy Paine, and Artemas Ward. Grout, a local leader during the Revolution, had voted against ratification of the Constitution and in 1788 was a member of the legislature. Paine, a prominent officeholder in the county for two decades before the Revolution, had been appointed to the Royal Council in 1774. Unlike most 'mandamus councillors,' he did not become a Loyalist. By 1788 he had regained much of his influence in the town of Worcester. Ward had been appointed commanding general of Massachusetts troops after Lexington and Concord, he remained in charge until George Washington was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in July 1775. The popular Ward resigned his commission in April 1776 and returned to state politics. The past records of these three men did not become a public issue until shortly before the third and final election....AS in the two previous election, the two Worcester newspapers, with one exception, printed nothing until their last issues before the election on 2 March. The exception consisted of two items (one of which supported Timothy Paine) in the Massachusetts Spy on 19 February. Then on 26 February the Massachusetts Spy published five articles. Two of them supported Jonathan Grout, one supported Artemas Ward, one backed Timothy Paine, and the fifth did not mention any names. On the same day the American Herald published four items. One supported Grout, one opposed Paine because he had been a mandamus councillor, and the other two items urged that he be elected. The issue of Paine's appointment as a mandamus councillor by the British government in 1774 had been brought up for the first time by the Boston Independent Chronicle, 12 February, and not by the Worcester newspapers. Despite the ambivalence of the newspapers, there was a considerable increase of interest, for the vote almost doubled over the first election on 18 December 1788: from 1,886 to 3,484. Grout was elected Representative by a decisive majority. Artemas Ward, who ran a poor third in each of the three elections, finally defeated Grout in the election to the second Congress in 1791. Paine was elected to the state House of Representatives in 1789. The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections: 1788-1790 I 601, 676 District Result Candidates"m1" Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed. Massachusetts 1 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) Fisher Ames (Pro-Admin.) 818 votes (50.7%) Anti-Administration Party (US)Samuel Adams (Anti-Admin.) 521 votes (32.3%) UnknownSamuel A. Otis (Unknown) 70 votes (4.3%) UnknownCharles Jarvis (Unknown) 45 votes (2.8%) UnknownBenjamin Austin (Unknown) 43 votes (2.7%) Pro-Administration Party (US)John Adams (Pro-Admin.) 30 votes (1.9%) Others 86 votes (5.3%) Massachusetts 2 X Pro-Administration win. First ballot (December 18, 1788) Pro-Administration Party (US)Benjamin Goodhue (Pro-Admin.) 567 votes (38.6%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Jonathan Jackson (Pro-Admin.) 392 votes (26.6%) UnknownNathan Daneseg 295 votes (20.1%) UnknownSamuel Holten 202 votes (13.8%) Scattering 13 votes Second ballot (January 29, 1789) Pro-Administration Party (US) Benjamin Goodhue (Pro-Admin.) 1,491 votes (67.0%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Jonathan Jackson (Pro-Admin.) 724 votes (33.0%) Scattering 7 votes Massachusetts 3 X Anti-Administration win. First ballot (December 18, 1788) UnknownNathaniel Gorham (Unknown) 536 votes (36.4%) Anti-Administration Party (US)Elbridge Gerry (Anti-Admin.) 384 votes (26.1%) Anti-Administration Party (US)Joseph Bradley Varnum (Anti-Admin.) 254 votes (17.2%) Pro-Administration Party (US)John Brooks (Pro-Admin.) 106 votes (7.2%) UnknownJames Winthrop (Unknown) 50 votes (3.4%) UnknownLoammi Baldwin (Unknown) 43 votes (2.9%) Scattering 100 votes (4.4%) Second ballot (January 29, 1789) Anti-Administration Party (US) Elbridge Gerry (Anti-Admin.) 1,140 votes (61.1%) Anti-Administration Party (US)Joseph Bradley Varnum (Anti-Admin.) 366 votes (19.6%) Pro-Administration Party (US)William Hulberg (Pro-Admin.) 205 votes (11.0%) Anti-Administration Party (US)James Winthrop (Anti-Admin.) 82 votes (4.4%) UnknownEbenezer Bridge (Unknown) 52 votes (2.8%) Others 22 votes (1.2%) Massachusetts 4 X Pro-Administration win. First ballot (December 18, 1788) Pro-Administration Party (US)Theodore Sedgwick (Pro-Admin.) 835 votes (35.6%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin.) 330 votes (14.7%) UnknownWilliam Whiting (Unknown) 302 votes (13.4%) Anti-Administration Party (US)Thomson J. Skinner (Anti-Admin.) 256 votes (10.4%) UnknownWilliam Williams (Unknown) 181 votes (8.7%) UnknownJohn Worthington (Unknown) 178 votes (7.3%) UnknownJohn Bacon (Unknown) 93 votes (4.1%) Second ballot (January 29, 1789) Pro-Administration Party (US)Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin.) 718 votes (31.0%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Theodore Sedgwick (Pro-Admin.) 736 votes (31.7%) UnknownWilliam Whiting (Unknown) 578 votes (24.9%) Anti-Administration Party (US)Thomson J. Skinner (Anti-Admin.) 248 votes (10.7%) Anti-Administration Party (US)John Bacon (Anti-Admin.) 39 votes (1.7%) Third ballot (March 2, 1789) Pro-Administration Party (US)Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin.) 1,847 votes (32.9%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Theodore Sedgwick (Pro-Admin.) 1,523 votes (30.6%) UnknownWilliam Whiting (Unknown) 1,109 votes (22.9%) Anti-Administration Party (US)Thomson J. Skinner (Anti-Admin.) 648 votes (12.8%) Fourth ballot (March 30, 1789) Pro-Administration Party (US)Theodore Sedgwick (Pro-Admin.) 1,649 votes (47.0%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin.) 1,382 votes (39.3%) UnknownWilliam Whiting (Unknown) 468 votes (11.7%) Scattering: 64 votes Fifth ballot (May 11, 1789) Pro-Administration Party (US) Theodore Sedgwick (Pro-Admin.) 2,155 votes (50.2%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Samuel Lyman (Pro-Admin.) 2,138 votes (47.8%) UnknownJohn Bacon (Unknown) 67 votes (1.3%) Scattering: 27 votes Massachusetts 5 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) George Partridge (Pro-Admin.) 501 votes (90.4%) Others 53 votes (9.6%) Massachusetts 6 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) George Thatcher (Pro-Admin.) 588 votes (62.1%) UnknownJosiah Thacker (Unknown) 182 votes (19.2%) UnknownNathan Willing (Unknown) 73 votes (7.7%) Scattering 105 votes Massachusetts 7 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) George Leonard (Pro-Admin.) 710 votes (54.0%) Anti-Administration Party (US)Phanuel Bishop (Anti-Admin.) 342 votes (26.0%) Pro-Administration Party (US)David Cobb (Pro-Admin.) 241 votes (18.3%) Scattering 23 votes Massachusetts 8 X Anti-Administration win. First ballot (December 18, 1788) Anti-Administration Party (US)Jonathan Grout (Anti-Admin.) 665 votes (35.3%) UnknownTimothy Paine (Unknown) 561 votes (29.8%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Artemas Ward (Pro-Admin.) 284 votes (15.1%) UnknownMoses Gill (Unknown) 110 votes (5.8%) UnknownAbiel Wilder (Unknown) 71 votes (3.8%) UnknownJohn Sprague (Unknown) 63 votes (3.3%) Others 132 votes (4.9%) Second ballot (January 29, 1789) Pro-Administration Party (US)Timothy Paine (Pro-Admin.) 1,040 votes (45.4%) UnknownJonathan Grout (Unknown) 990 votes (42.1%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Artemas Ward (Pro-Admin.) 258 votes (11.3%) Others 27 votes (1.2%) Third ballot (March 2, 1789) Anti-Administration Party (US) Jonathan Grout (Anti-Admin.) 1,968 votes (55.7%) UnknownTimothy Paine (Unknown) 1,312 votes (37.1%) Pro-Administration Party (US)Artemas Ward (Pro-Admin.) 256 votes (7.2%) Scattering 18 votes New Hampshire 1788–1789 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire List of United States representatives from New Hampshire New Hampshire law required a winning candidate to receive votes from a majority of voters (16.7% of votes). No candidate won such a majority on the first ballot, so a second ballot was held February 2, 1789. District Result Candidates New Hampshire AL X3 seats on a general ticket Pro-Administration win.West winner chose not to serve before the start of the Congress.A special election was held June 22, 1789; see above. First ballot (December 15, 1788) Pro-Administration Party (US)Benjamin West (Pro-Admin.) 15.4% Anti-Administration Party (US)Samuel Livermore (Anti-Admin.) 14.6% Pro-Administration Party (US)Paine Wingate (Pro-Admin.) 13.4% Pro-Administration Party (US)Abiel Foster (Pro-Admin.) 8.0% Pro-Administration Party (US)John Sullivan (Pro-Admin.) 7.1% Pro-Administration Party (US)Nicholas Gilman (Pro-Admin.) 5.6% UnknownJoshua Atherton (Unknown) 5.2% UnknownNathaniel Peabody (Unknown) 5.1% UnknownPeirse Long (Unknown) 4.4% UnknownBenjamin Bellows (Unknown) 3.4% Others 17.9% Second ballot (February 2, 1789) Pro-Administration Party (US) Benjamin West (Pro-Admin.) 33.0% Anti-Administration Party (US) Samuel Livermore (Anti-Admin.) 26.2% Pro-Administration Party (US) Nicholas Gilman (Pro-Admin.) 19.5% Pro-Administration Party (US)Abiel Foster (Pro-Admin.) 19.5% Pro-Administration Party (US)John Sullivan (Pro-Admin.) 1.9% Anti-Administration win. Pro-Administration win. New Jersey 1789 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey List of United States representatives from New Jersey District Result CandidatesA New Nation Votes https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/b2773w907 2024-12-21 elections.lib.tufts.edu"m1" New Jersey AL X4 seats on a general ticket Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) James Schureman (Pro-Admin.) 19.93% (13,871 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US) Elias Boudinot (Pro-Admin.) 13.00% (9,051 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US) Lambert Cadwalader (Pro-Admin.) 12.50% (8,702 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US) Thomas Sinnickson (Pro-Admin.) 12.02% (8,364 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)Abraham Clark (Pro-Admin.) 10.47% (7,287 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)Jonathan Dayton (Pro-Admin.) 9.86% (6,859 votes) UnknownRobert Hoops (Unknown) 3.68% (2,562 votes) UnknownWhitten Cripps (Unknown) 3.41% (2,375 votes) UnknownBenjamin Van Cleve (Unknown) 2.85% (1,983 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)James Parker (Anti-Admin.) 2.48% (1,724 votes) UnknownJohn Witherspoon (Unknown) 2.46% (1,711 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)Thomas Henderson (Pro-Admin.) 1.66% (1,156 votes) UnknownRobert L. Hooper (Unknown) 1.39% (964 votes) UnknownJosiah Hornblower (Unknown) 1.02% (708 votes) Others 3.28% (2,281 votes) Unknown James Linn (Unknown) 0.740% (515 votes) Unknown Aaron Kitchell (Unknown) 0.569% (396 votes) Unknown John Stevens, Jr. (Unknown) 0.371% (258 votes) Unknown William Winds (Unknown) 0.330% (230 votes) Unknown John Stevens (Unknown) 0.264% (184 votes) Unknown John Fell (Unknown) 0.197% (137 votes) Unknown Silas Condit (Unknown) 0.154% (107 votes) Unknown Henry Stites (Unknown) 0.099% (69 votes) Unknown Robert Ogden (Unknown) 0.093% (65 votes) Unknown Charles Stewart (Unknown) 0.092% (64 votes) Unknown Alex MacWhorter (Unknown) 0.075% (52 votes) Unknown Benjamin Thompson (Unknown) 0.060% (42 votes) Unknown Abraham Kitchell (Unknown) 0.046% (32 votes) Unknown KitchellUnclear whether these votes were for Aaron Kitchell or Abraham Kitchell. (Unknown) 0.033% (23 votes) Unknown Joseph Sheppard (Unknown) 0.029% (20 votes) Unknown John Rutherford (Unknown) 0.026% (18 votes) Unknown William Woodhull (Unknown) 0.022% (15 votes) Unknown Abraham Ogden (Unknown) 0.020% (14 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US) Frederick Frelinghuysen (Pro-Administration) 0.013% (9 votes) Unknown Samuel Tuthill (Unknown) 0.013% (9 votes) Unknown Jacob Hardenburgh (Unknown) 0.010% (7 votes) Unknown Thomas Fenimore (Unknown) 0.009% (6 votes) Unknown Hugh Hughes (Unknown) 0.004% (3 votes) Unknown John Armstrong (Unknown) 0.001% (1 vote) Unknown Patrick Dennis (Unknown) 0.001% (1 vote) Unknown John Mehelm (Unknown) 0.001% (1 vote) Pro-Administration Party (US) John Neilson (Pro-Administration) 0.001% (1 vote) Pro-Administration Party (US) Samuel Smith (Pro-Administration) 0.001% (1 vote) Unknown Mark Thompson (Unknown) 0.001% (1 vote) Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration win. The election of all four representatives was contested, but the records that explained the precise grounds on which the election was contested have been lost due to the burning of Washington in the War of 1812. It is known to have related to questions of regularity and procedure. All four representatives' elections were ruled valid.http://artandhistory.house.gov/house_history/bioguide-front/1.pdf First Congress March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1791 [membership roster] artandhistory.house.gov January 17, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20141205220514/http://artandhistory.house.gov/house_history/bioguide-front/1.pdf December 5, 2014 dead mdy-all New York 1789 United States House of Representatives elections in New York List of United States representatives from New York New York held elections to the 1st Congress on March 3 and 4, 1789. At the time, districts were unnumbered. They are retroactively numbered in this section. District Result Candidates New York 1 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) William Floyd (Anti-Admin.) 100% (894 votes) New York 2 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) John Laurance (Pro-Administration) 86.26% (2,542 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)John Broome (Anti-Administration) 12.62% (372 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)Philip Pell (Anti-Admin.) 1.12% (33 votes) New York 3 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) Egbert Benson (Pro-Admin.) 50.43% (584 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)Theodorus Bailey (Anti-Admin.) 49.57% (574 votes) New York 4 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) John Hathorn (Anti-Admin.) 100% New York 5 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) Peter Silvester (Pro-Admin.) 51.21% (1,628 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)Matthew Adgate (Anti-Admin.) 47.22% (1,501 votes) UnknownJohn Williams (Unknown) 1.57% (50 votes) New York 6 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Jeremiah Van Rensselaer (Anti-Admin.) 54.51% (1,456 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)Abraham Ten Broeck (Pro-Admin.) 45.49% (1,215 votes)The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections, 1788-1790 III Gordon DenBoer https://books.google.com/books?id=rklx9c7MJFoC&pg=PA512 512 University of Wisconsin Press 1986 9780299106508 North Carolina List of United States representatives from North Carolina North Carolina ratified the Constitution late and thus elected representatives to the 1st Congress in 1790. Pennsylvania 1788 United States House of Representatives election in Pennsylvania List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania Pennsylvania held elections to the 1st Congress on November 26, 1788. For this first election (and again in 1792 election for the 3rd Congress), Pennsylvania chose to elect all of its representatives on a single statewide general ticket, an attempt by the pro-Administration-majority legislature to prevent anti-Administration candidates from winning seats. District Result Candidateshttp://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/rep/Congress%201788.pdf 1st Congress 1789-1791 At Large Election Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project January 16, 2007 January 17, 2015 Pennsylvania AL X8 seats on a general ticket Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) Frederick Muhlenberg (Pro-Admin.) 7.49% (8,726 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US) Henry Wynkoop (Pro-Admin.) 7.09% (8,280 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US) Thomas Hartley (Pro-Admin.) 7.02% (8,191 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US) George Clymer (Pro-Admin.) 6.94% (8,116 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US) Thomas Fitzsimons (Pro-Admin.) 6.94% (8,116 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US) Thomas Scott (Pro-Admin.) 6.92% (8,096 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US) Peter Muhlenberg (Anti-Admin.) 6.38% (7,465 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US) Daniel Hiester (Anti-Admin.) 6.37% (7,455 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)John Allison (Pro-Admin.) 6.08% (7,098 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)Stephen Chambers (Pro-Admin.) 6.06% (7,080 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)William Findley (Anti-Admin.) 5.66% (6,638 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)William Irvine (Anti-Admin.) 5.58% (6,546 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)Charles Pettit (Anti-Admin.) 5.57% (6,537 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)William Montgomery (Anti-Admin.) 5.46% (6,409 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)Blair McClenachan (Anti-Admin.) 5.35% (6,277 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)Robert Whitehall (Anti-Admin.) 5.03% (5,908 votes) Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration win. Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration win. Rhode Island August 1790 United States House of Representatives election in Rhode Island List of United States representatives from Rhode Island Rhode Island ratified the Constitution late and thus elected representatives to the 1st Congress in 1790. South Carolina 1788 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina List of United States representatives from South Carolina District Result Candidates"m1" South Carolina 1 X"Charleston Division" Pro-Administration win. https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/0p096702n A New Nation Votes Pro-Administration Party (US) William L. Smith (Pro-Admin.) 50.98% (600 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)Alexander Gillon (Anti-Admin.) 32.80% (386 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)David Ramsay (Pro-Admin.) 16.23% (191 votes) South Carolina 2 X"Beaufort Division" Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Aedanus Burke (Anti-Admin.) 99.3% South Carolina 3 X"Georgetown Division" Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) Daniel Huger (Pro-Admin.) 75.0% UnknownJohn Page (Unknown) 25.0% South Carolina 4 X"Camden Division" Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Thomas Sumter (Anti-Admin.) 100.0% South Carolina 5 X"Ninety-Six Division" Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Thomas Tudor Tucker (Anti-Admin.) 100% In the SC 1 C, William L. Smith (Pro-Administration)'s election was contested by David Ramsay (Pro-Administration) who claimed that Smith had not been a citizen for the required 7 years at the time of his election, the House Committee on Elections ruled in Smith's favor Virginia 1789 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia List of United States representatives from Virginia District Result CandidatesVirginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/ 2024-09-06 Virginia Elections Database en-US Virginia 1 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) Alexander White (Pro-Admin.) 100% Virginia 2 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) John Brown (Anti-Admin.) 100% Virginia 3 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Andrew Moore (Anti-Admin.) Pro-Administration Party (US)George Hancock (Pro-Admin.) Virginia 4 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) Richard Bland Lee (Pro-Admin.) 68.5% UnknownJohn Pope (Unknown) 31.5% Virginia 5 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) James Madison (Anti-Admin.) 57.37% (1,308 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)James Monroe (Anti-Admin.) 42.63% (972 votes) Virginia 6 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Isaac Coles (Anti-Admin.)"nd" Virginia 7 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) John Page (Anti-Admin.)"nd" UnknownSpencer Roane (Unknown) UnknownMeriwether Smith (Unknown) UnknownArthur Lee (Unknown) UnknownFrancis Corbin (Unknown) Virginia 8 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Josiah Parker (Anti-Admin.) 48.03% (976 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)Thomas Mathews (Pro-Admin.) 39.62% (805 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)Isaac Avery (Pro-Admin.) 12.11% (246 votes) Others 0.25% (5 votes) Unknown Frederick Boush (Unknown) 0.05% (1 votes) Unknown Henry Lee (Unknown) 0.05% (1 votes) Unknown Thomas Lawson (Unknown) 0.05% (1 votes) Unknown Thomas Newton (Unknown) 0.05% (1 votes) Unknown Matthew Godfrey (Unknown) 0.05% (1 votes) Virginia 9 X Anti-Administration win. Anti-Administration Party (US) Theodorick Bland (Anti-Admin.) 91.2% UnknownEdward Carrington (Unknown) 7.2%Others UnknownThomas Rivers (Unknown) 1.5% UnknownSterling Edmunds (Unknown) UnknownThomas Stith (Unknown) UnknownCharles B. Jones (Unknown) UnknownCreed Taylor (Unknown) UnknownWilliam Ronald (Unknown) UnknownWilliam Macon (Unknown) Virginia 10 X Pro-Administration win. Pro-Administration Party (US) Samuel Griffin (Pro-Admin.)"nd" UnknownBenjamin Harrison (Unknown) UnknownMiles Selden Jr. (Unknown) See also 1788–89 United States elections List of United States House of Representatives elections (1789–1822) 1788–89 United States Senate elections 1788–89 United States presidential election 1st United States Congress Notes References Bibliography http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.uscongress.1789 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825 Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University January 17, 2015 January 29, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150129054451/http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.uscongress.1789 dead Michael J. Dubin https://books.google.com/books?id=9ElyQgAACAAJ&q=United+States+Congressional+Elections,+1788-1997:+The+Official+Results United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses McFarland and Company March 1, 1998 978-0786402830 Kenneth C. Martis https://books.google.com/books?id=q0hyQgAACAAJ&q=The+Historical+Atlas+of+Political+Parties+in+the+United+States+Congress,+1789-1989 The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 Macmillan Publishing Company January 1, 1989 978-0029201701 http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/ Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives January 21, 2015 Mapping Early American Elections https://earlyamericanelections.org/maps/ 2024-09-06 Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University 2019 Mapping Early American Elections project team External links Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives) Category:James Madison Category:Frederick Muhlenberg