1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake

Estimated magnitude of 8.1 1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake Haiti yes 1842-05-07 7 May 1842 8.1 s yhttp://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=1840&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display https://web.archive.org/web/20180430114843/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=1840&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display dead April 30, 2018 Significant Earthquake National Geophysical Data Center National Geophysical Data Center 6 December 2011 IX 19.75 -72.20 type:event inline,title dms Haiti Yes 5,300 The 1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake occurred at 17:00 local time (21:00 UTC) on 7 May. It had an estimated magnitude of 8.1 on the s y scale and triggered a destructive tsunami. It badly affected the northern coast of Haiti and part of what is now the Dominican Republic. Port-de-Paix suffered the greatest damage from both earthquake and tsunami. Approximately 5,000 people were killed by the effects of the earthquake shaking and another 300 by the tsunami. Tectonic setting The island of Hispaniola lies across the complex transform plate boundary between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. The overall four cm per year displacement along this boundary is split nearly equally between two major dextral (right lateral) strike-slip zones either side of the Gonâve microplate. To the south is the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone, which extends from Jamaica in the west to the south-east of Hispaniola to the east. In the north the fault zone is the Septentrional-Oriente fault zone passing along the southern margin of Cuba and along the northern part of Hispaniola. Both of these fault zones have been associated with several major historical earthquakes.10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03236.x DeMets C. Wiggins-Grandison W. 2007 Deformation of Jamaica and motion of the Gonâve microplate from GPS and seismic data Geophysical Journal International 168 1 362–378 2007GeoJI.168..362D free Earthquake The earthquake was felt over a wide area, including southern Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and across the Antilles. The estimated intensity reached IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale along the northern coast from Cap-Haïtien to Santiago de los Caballeros. The earthquake appears to have been caused by movement on the Septentrional Fault, with the rupture extending from the Cibao valley in the present day Dominican Republic, along the whole of the northern coast of Haiti.Tuttle M.P. Prentice C.S. Dyer-Williams K. Peña L.R. Burr G. amp 2003 Late Holocene Liquefaction Features in the Dominican Republic: A Powerful Tool for Earthquake Hazard Assessment in the Northeastern Caribbean Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93 1 27–46 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228587676 20 January 2021 2003BuSSA..93...27T 10.1785/0120010233 Tsunami The tsunami affected the northern coast of Haiti and present-day Dominican Republic. The highest run-up of 4.6 m was observed at Port-de-Paix, with 2 m run-ups seen along much of the northern coast. At Saint John in the United States Virgin Islands, the run-up was 3.1 m. Damage thumb|The ruins of the Sans-Souci Palace, severely damaged in the earthquake and never rebuilt The region that suffered the greatest damage was the northern Cape area, although there was significant damage along the northern coast as far as Santiago de los Caballeros (now in the Dominican Republic). The towns of Cap-Haïtien, Port-de-Paix, Môle-Saint-Nicolas and Fort-Liberté were also severely affected. Henri Christophe's Sans-Souci Palace was badly damaged and was never rebuilt.Crain E.E. Historic architecture in the Caribbean Islands https://books.google.com/books?id=H07DwOfAGn8C&pg=PA122-IA32 7 December 2011 1884 University Press of Florida 978-0-8130-1293-3 122 At Port-de-Paix, the sea drew back 60 m, before returning and flooding the city in 5 m of water, killing between 200–300 of the inhabitants.http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=1840&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display https://archive.today/20121212125852/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=1840&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display dead December 12, 2012 Comments for the Tsunami Event NGDC 7 December 2011 The effect of the tsunami at Môle-Saint-Nicolas was catastrophic, leaving almost none of the town standing.http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?EQ_0=648&t=101650&s=10&d=185,186,76,78&nd=display https://web.archive.org/web/20061007222159/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?EQ_0=648&t=101650&s=10&d=185,186,76,78&nd=display dead October 7, 2006 Comments for the Tsunami Runup at Mole Saint Nicholas NGDC 7 December 2011 Aftermath Despite the devastation caused by the earthquake President Boyer did not visit the affected areas and this led to an increase in opposition to his rule.Bethell L. The Cambridge History of Latin America https://books.google.com/books?id=0QghsDsSCB4C&pg=PA264 7 December 2011 From Independence to 1870 3 1985 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-23224-1 264 The chaos also allowed groups allied to Juan Pablo Duarte to link up with others opposed to Boyer.Matibag E. Haitian-Dominican counterpoint: nation, state, and race on Hispaniola https://books.google.com/books?id=EswJ7t1B0XgC&pg=PA107 2003 Palgrave Macmillan 978-0-312-29432-8 107 7 December 2011 Future seismic hazard The results of trenching across the Septentrional Fault in the Ciabo valley have identified large earthquakes, similar in character to that in 1842, at around 1230 and another historical event in 1562. Assuming that these earthquakes were caused by displacement on the same segment of the fault, a recurrence interval of about 300 years is indicated, similar to that proposed for the Enriquillo fault in the southern part of the island.ten Brink U.S. Bakun W.H. Flores C.H. amp 2011 Historical perspective on seismic hazard to Hispaniola and the northeast Caribbean region Journal of Geophysical Research American Geophysical Union https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/caribbean/pdf/2011JB008497-pip.pdf 11 December 2011 10.1029/2011jb008497 2011JGRB..11612318T 116 B12 B12318 free 1912/5022 See also List of earthquakes in Haiti List of historical earthquakes List of tsunamis References Category:Earthquakes in Haiti Category:1842 earthquakes Category:1842 in Haiti Category:19th-century tsunamis Category:1842 natural disasters Category:Cap-Haïtien Category:May 1842