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10th Naval Aviation Brigade
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January 2025
10th Naval Aviation Brigade 10-та МАБр.png 200px Brigade Insignia 10-та морська авіаційна бригада 2004 - present Mykolaiv Ukraine Brigade Naval Aviation 25px Ukrainian Naval Aviation Colonel Ihor Volodymyrovych Bedzai Brigade Operation AtalantaOperation Ocean ShieldRusso-Ukrainian War
Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
Russian invasion of Ukraine Colonel Ihor Volodymyrovych Bedzai See #Aircraft Operated 200px For Courage and Bravery
The 10th Naval Aviation Brigade (also called the Colonel Ihor Volodymyrovych Bedzai brigade) is the sole Brigade of the Ukrainian Naval Aviation established in 2004 by the merger of 9th Mixed Marine Aircraft Squadron, 316th Separate Marine Aviation Squadron and the 555th Naval Helicopter Regiment. It operates a small number of fixed-wing, rotatory and unmanned aircraft. It was previously garrisoned at Novofedorivka but is currently based at Mykolaiv.Як Сакська бригада морської авіації під дулами автоматів рятувалася з Криму https://web.archive.org/web/20150719014325/http://www.dialog.ua/news/56766_1432536155 19 July 2015 10-та сакська бригада морскої авіації https://web.archive.org/web/20160828103903/http://wings-phoenix.org.ua/uk/10-sakska-brygada-morskoyi-aviaciyi 28 August 2016 http://www.ukrmilitary.com/p/ukrainian-navy.html Структура Військово-Морських Сил ЗС України 15 November 2016 24 November 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201124101408/https://www.ukrmilitary.com/p/ukrainian-navy.html
History
Collapse of the USSR and establishment
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, a large number of aircraft were stationed in Ukraine and taken over by the newly formed Ukrainian government.Wragg 2011 302 According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), the Ukrainian Army Aviation had 7 regiments with a total of 7,000 personnel in 1994.IISS 1994 105 In order to pay its debts, and to comply with the terms of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, Ukraine began the process of restructuring its armed forces, selling some of its aircraft or returning them to Russia, and reducing the size of the Ukrainian Armed Forces by nearly two-thirds between 2002 and 2010.Wragg 2011 302
The unit was established in 2004 from the merger of the 9th Mixed Marine Aircraft Squadron, 316th Separate Marine Aviation Squadron, and the 555th Naval Helicopter Regiment of the Ukrainian Navy with the last commander of the 555th regiment, Yuriy Moskalyov becoming the brigade's first commander.January 2025 On 14 October 2008, the brigade was assigned the name Saka, to its place of deployment.January 2025
In 2010, the 10th Brigade had 2,500 personnel and most of its fixed-wing aircraft were transferred to the Ukrainian Air Force, other than some Antonov transports and ten Beriev Be-12 flying boats. It also had twenty-eight Kamov Ka-25, two Ka-27E, forty-two Mil Mi-14PL, and five Mil Mi-6 helicopters.Wragg 2011 303
Ukraine's naval units, accompanied by the brigade's aircraft participated in several deployments such as Operation Atalanta and Operation Ocean Shield.http://en.for-ua.com/news/2014/01/03/120845.html Frigate "Hetman Sahaydachniy" joins EU's operation "Atlanta" Eu.for 3 Jan 2014 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085926/http://en.for-ua.com/news/2014/01/03/120845.html 19 August 2014
Russian annexation of Crimea and War in Donbas
In March 2014, during the Russian invasion of Crimea, the battalion's aircraft stationed at Novofedorivka carrying personnel in radio silence mode, risking getting lost and without warning the higher command, evacuated to the mainland to the Kulbakino Air Base, leaving behind only ground vehicles.https://armyinform.com.ua/2022/08/04/ostannij-polit-abo-zemlya-ta-nebo-polkovnyka-bedzaya/ Останній політ, або Земля та небо полковника Бедзая Diordiev Vyacheslav 2022-08-04 ArmyInform 2024-09-01https://ppu.gov.ua/press-center/7-travnia-2022-roku-zahynuv-heroy-ukrainy-polkovnyk-aviatsii-viyskovo-morskykh-syl-bedzay-ihor-volodymyrovych/ 7 травня 2022 року загинув Герой України — полковник авіації військово-морських сил Бедзай Ігор Володимирович 2024-05-10 Representation of the President of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea 2024-09-01
On 3 March 2014, the evacuation started as the helicopters of the brigade took off without taxiing onto the runway, straight from the hangars followed by aircraft. In just eighteen minutes, four planes and five helicopters were evacuated to the mainland. After five days, a pilot of the 10th Naval Aviation Brigade in civilian clothes evacuated another helicopter assigned to Ukrainian frigate Hetman Sahaidachnyhttps://rusaggression.gov.ua/ua/vyvid-ukrainskoi-morskoi-aviatsii-z-krymu--b2b631c5c55e413b372a3f8397ddf8e4.html Ігор Бедзай не залишає росіянам жодного справного літака 2023-03-25 Virtual museum of Russian aggression 2024-09-01 and took it to mainland.https://suspilne.media/crimea/697190-ricnica-peredislokacii-ukrainskoi-aviacii-z-otocenogo-aerodromu-saki-ak-vidbuvalasa-rizikovana-operacia/ Річниця передислокації української авіації з оточеного аеродрому "Саки": як відбувалася ризикована операція Glyanko Kateryna Didenko Anastasia Dvoretska Oksana 2024-04-03 Public 2024-09-01 The brigade became the first unit to evacuate all of its combat equipment completely from Crimea.https://bigkyiv.com.ua/zagynu-odyn-z-najkrashhyh-vijskovyh-lotchykiv-ukrayiny-polkovnyk-bedzaj/ Загинув один з найкращих військових льотчиків України — полковник Бедзай Хлєбников Володимир 2022-05-09 Великий Київ 2024-09-01https://inshe.tv/mykolayv/2022-05-08/677968/ Він був і залишиться героєм. Загинув Ігор Бедзай — він 8 років тому вивів з Крима у Миколаїв Сакську бригаду разом з технікою 2022-05-08 Inshe.TV 2024-09-01
In April 2014, an incident took place outside the Novofedorivka Air Base in the military dormitory building, which was occupied by Ukrainian servicemen and their families that were awaiting relocation to mainland Ukraine. While Major Stansilav Karachevsky, the head of Operational HQ of the 10th Naval Aviation Brigade was preparing his belongings in preparation to leave Crimea, an altercation between him and several soldiers on both sides broke out.Mezzofiore Gianluca 2014-04-07 Crimea: Ukraine Sailor Shot Dead by Russian Soldier https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/crimea-ukraine-sailor-shot-dead-by-russian-soldier-1443687 2024-04-22 International Business Times UK en2014-04-07 Ukraine: Naval officer shot dead by Russian sol ider [sic] in Crimea https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-naval-officer-shot-dead-by-russian-solider-in-crimea-9243306.html 2024-04-22 The Independent en
The scuffle escalated to where Russian spetsnaz sergeant E.S. Zaitsev shot the unarmed officer twice in the head at point-blank range with an AK-74 assault rifle on the 5th floor of the dormitory building where Russian soldiers were evacuating the troops. Major Karachevsky was pronounced dead immediately. A second Ukrainian personnel, identified as Captain Artem Yermolenko, was beaten and abducted by Russian soldiers. Russian sources confirmed the death of a Ukrainian major perpetrated by one of its sergeants. After the incident, the major's body was reportedly taken by Russian troops. Zaytsev was convicted by a Russian military court for murder and sentenced to two years imprisonment.Станислав Карачевский — вторая жертва российских оккупантов среди военнослужащих ВСУ в Крыму https://ctrcenter.org/ru/stanislav-karachevskij-vtoraya-zhertva-rossijskih-okkupantov-sredi-voennosluzhashhih-vsu-v-krymu 2024-04-222014-04-07 Минобороны: в Крыму российский солдат убил украинского офицера https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/ukraine_in_russian/2014/04/140407_ru_s_crimea_murder_ukrainian_officer 2024-04-22 BBC News Україна ru-UA
In September 2014, the brigade took part in the military Exercise Sea Breeze 2014.https://www.unian.ua/army/961456-na-sea-breeze-2014-vidpratsovano-epizod-z-protichovnovogo-zabezpechennya-korabliv.html На Sea Breeze-2014 відпрацьовано епізод з протичовнового забезпечення кораблів 2014-09-10 UNIAN 2024-09-01https://kou.org.ua/2023/04/28/бедзай-ігор-володимирович/ Бедзай Ігор Володимирович Knights of Ukraine 2024-09-01
In July 2016, the brigade took part in the international military exercise "Sea Breeze 2016".http://dumskaya.net/news/legendarnaya-10-brigada-morskoy-aviatcii-ustroil-060683/ «Си Бриз-2016»: морские авиаторы показали, на что способны 2016-07-22 dumskaya.net Dumskaya 31 July 2017 1 August 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170801041152/http://dumskaya.net/news/legendarnaya-10-brigada-morskoy-aviatcii-ustroil-060683/
On 16 March 2017, the brigade received a Mi-14PL helicopter after its restoration at the Aviakon Aircraft Reparation Plant,https://tyzhden.ua/News/199044 "Авіакон" передав ВМС України відремонтований вертоліт Мі-14 tyzhden.ua uk 2018-12-23 24 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181224023706/https://tyzhden.ua/News/199044 and another Mi-14PL was handed over after restoration on 2 July 2017.https://mil.in.ua/vms-ukrayiny-otrymaly-vidremontovanyy-vertolit/ ВМС України отримали відремонтований вертоліт 2017-07-05 Ukrainian military portal uk 2018-12-23 24 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181224045218/https://mil.in.ua/vms-ukrayiny-otrymaly-vidremontovanyy-vertolit/
In January 2018, a serviceman of the brigade (Vasiliev Vadim Oleksandrovych)https://declarations.com.ua/declaration/nacp_b4982df4-6938-4a1b-bf01-a14cf27deee1 Декларація за 2016 Васильєв Вадим Олександрович 2018-01-05 2018-01-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063906/https://declarations.com.ua/declaration/nacp_b4982df4-6938-4a1b-bf01-a14cf27deee1 was killed under undisclosed circumstances while fighting the separatists.Ізюмчани провели в останню путь свого земляка, який служив в зоні АТО https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233640/http://city-izyum.gov.ua/izyumchani-proveli-v-ostannyu-put-svogo/ 2018-01-05 Ізюм вчора попрощався з загиблим воїном, морським піхотинцем... On 8 June 2018, the brigade received a Ka-226 helicopter adapted for military medical purposes.https://www.facebook.com/NavalAviationBrigade/posts/663043254030201 10-та морська авіаційна бригада facebook.com en 2018-12-23
In 2019, the Ukrainian Navy received its first six Bayraktar TB2 drones from Turkey.Cooper Crowther Fontanellaz Sipos 2023 35 In August and October 2019, the brigade received two Mi-8 MSB-V helicopters, modernized by Motor Sich JSC.Авіація ВМС отримала Мі-8МСБ. 09.08.2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190809093610/https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/aviatsiya-vms-otrymala-mi-8msb/ 9 August 2019 Льотчики морської авіаційної бригади отримали гвинтокрил Мі-8. 06.10.2019, 17:38 https://web.archive.org/web/20191007064146/http://www.mil.gov.ua/news/2019/10/06/pro-golovni-podii-v-zhitti-vms-ukraini-u-programi-flot-za-tizhden/ 7 October 2019 Морські авіатори ВМСУ отримали ще один модернізований вертоліт. (рос.) 04.11.2019, 15:57 https://web.archive.org/web/20191105052544/https://dumskaya.net/news/morskie-aviatory-poluchili-eshche-odin-modernizi-104994/ 5 November 2019 On 31 October 2019, Yehor Shishkin, a businessman from Mykolaiv, presented his personal An-2 aircraft to the Ukrainian Navy and it was inducted into the 10th Naval Aviation Brigade after a ceremony.Морським авіаторам безоплатно передали Ан-2 MIL.IN.UA https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/morskym-aviatoram-bezoplatno-peredaly-an-2/ Ukrainian military portal 2021-02-08 ru 5 January 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210105185944/https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/morskym-aviatoram-bezoplatno-peredaly-an-2/
In January 2020, the brigade received an An-2 aircraft that had been confiscated from smugglers. In late 2020, the brigade received a new modernized Mil Mi-2MSB helicopter.ВМС отримали перший Мі-2МСБ https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/vms-otrymaly-pershyj-mi-2msb/ Ukrainian military portal 2021-02-08 ru 8 February 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210208140419/https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/vms-otrymaly-pershyj-mi-2msb/
On 25 November 2021, the brigade received two more modernized Mi-8MSB-V helicopters.Морська авіація отримала два гелікоптери Мі-8 МСБ-В https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/morska-aviatsiya-otrymala-dva-gelikoptery-mi-8-msb-v/ Ukrainian military portal 2021-11-26 uk 25 November 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211125193545/https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/morska-aviatsiya-otrymala-dva-gelikoptery-mi-8-msb-v/
Russian invasion of Ukraine
In early January 2022, the brigade received a new training building equipped with flying simulators, workplaces for personnel training, interactive whiteboards, and a gym with modern sports equipment.Морські авіатори отримали новий навчальний корпус / ВМС ЗС України 18 January 2022 https://www.facebook.com/navy.mil.gov.ua/posts/297460349088221 Facebook 2022-01-18 uk 18 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220118183636/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fnavy.mil.gov.ua%2Fposts%2F297460349088221
Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the 10th Naval Aviation Brigade now reduced to 10 Mi-8MSB-V, Ka-27, Ka-226, and Mi-14 helicopters, 2 An-2 fixed-wing aircraft, 6 TB2 drones, and 1,000 personnel,IISS 2022 213Cooper Fontanellaz Sipos 2024 37 was pre-deployed to reserve airfields and airstrips to prevent missile attacks and prevent equipment losses.https://deepstateua.com/istoriia-stanovliennia-ukrayinskoyi-morskoyi-aviatsiyi/ Історія становлення української морської авіації 2023-09-30 DeepState 2024-09-01
In March 2022, a TB2 drone of the brigade reportedly distracted the air defense of the Russian cruiser Moskva giving enough time window for it to be hit by a R-360 Neptune anti-ship missile."Украина сорвала джекпот". Что случилось с крейсером "Москва"? https://www.svoboda.org/a/ukraina-sorvala-dzhekpot-chto-sluchilosj-s-kreyserom-moskva/31803344.html Radio Svoboda 2022-05-01 ru 16 April 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220416090334/https://www.svoboda.org/a/ukraina-sorvala-dzhekpot-chto-sluchilosj-s-kreyserom-moskva/31803344.htmlFinnerty Ryan Russia's Black Sea flagship sinks, Ukraine claims attack involving drones and missiles https://www.flightglobal.com/military-uavs/russias-black-sea-flagship-sinks-ukraine-claims-attack-involving-drones-and-missiles/148280.article 12 January 2025 Flight Global 14 April 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220414210036/https://www.flightglobal.com/military-uavs/russias-black-sea-flagship-sinks-ukraine-claims-attack-involving-drones-and-missiles/148280.article 14 April 2022 en
On 2 May 2022, a TB2 drone of the brigade destroyed two Russian Raptor-class patrol boats.Newdick Thomas Ukraine Claims TB2 Drones Sunk Russian Patrol Boats Off Snake Island (Updated) https://www.twz.com/ukraine-claims-tb2-drones-sunk-russian-patrol-boats-off-snake-island 12 January 2025 The War Zone 2 May 2022
On 7 May 2022, during the Snake Island campaign, a Mi-14 helicopter of the brigade flown by the commander of Ukrainian Naval Aviation, Ihor Bedzai was attacked by a Russian Su-30. The helicopter successfully evaded gunfire, but was hit by a R-73 air-to-air missile, killing Bedzai along with four other personnel (Mykhailo Ihorovych Zaremba,12 May 2022 Про відзначення державними нагородами України https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/3322022-42513 Serhii Mykolayovych Mushchytskyi,12 May 2022 Про відзначення державними нагородами України https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/3322022-42513 Yuriy Pirog, https://www.president.gov.ua/news/ukrayina-j-ukrayinci-znachno-silnishi-nizh-bud-hto-dumaye-pr-83973 Україна й українці значно сильніші, ніж будь-хто думає про нас – звернення Президента Володимира Зеленського 30 June 2023 president.gov.ua 30 June 2023 and Ilchuk Vasyl VasyliovychСьогодні в Оратові проведуть в останню дорогу воїна Ільчука Василя https://orativska.gromada.org.ua/news/1652334974/ Оратівська селищна рада Вінницька область, Вінницький район. Офіційний сайт 2022-05-12 2022-10-30 uk) on board.https://dumskaya.net/news/v-boyu-s-vragami-pogib-igor-bedzay-164115/ В бою с врагами погиб один из лучших летчиков Украины 2022-05-08 Dumskaya ru https://web.archive.org/web/20220516125906/https://dumskaya.net/news/v-boyu-s-vragami-pogib-igor-bedzay-164115/ 2022-05-16 2022-05-08https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2022/11/7/7375232/ Битва за Зміїний. Героїчна історія: як Україна втратила і повернула надважливий острів. Реконструкція Romanyuk Novel 2022-11-07 Pravda 2024-09-01 On 24 June 2022, the 10th Naval Aviation Brigade was given the honorary name of Colonel Ihor Bedzai.Указ Президента України No. 446/2022 від 24 червня 2022 року «Про присвоєння імені Героя України полковника Ігоря Бедзая 10 морській авіаційній бригаді Військово-Морських Сил Збройних Сил України»
In the coming days, a Russian amphibious assault ship and two anti-aircraft missile systems "Tor" near Snake Island were hit by the brigade's TB2 drones."Байрактар" знищив біля Зміїного російський катер. У Міноборони показали відео https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-zmiyinyy-bayraktar-rosiyskyy-kater/31838932.html Радіо Свобода 2022-05-08 uk 2022-05-07 https://web.archive.org/web/20220507165325/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-zmiyinyy-bayraktar-rosiyskyy-kater/31838932.html live On 8 May 2022, a TB2 drone of the brigade destroyed a Mi-8 helicopter during an attempted landing on Snake Island. https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3477889-zsu-znisili-vorozij-gelikopter-iz-desantom-na-ostrovi-zmiinij.html
ЗСУ знищили ворожий гелікоптер із десантом на острові Зміїний
Укрінформ
2022-05-08
2022-05-17
2022-05-08
https://web.archive.org/web/20220508104934/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3477889-zsu-znisili-vorozij-gelikopter-iz-desantom-na-ostrovi-zmiinij.html
live
In November 2022, in response to the Russian invasion the United Kingdom announced they were donating three former Royal Navy Westland Sea Kings to the Ukrainian Navy,Beale, Jonathan. "Britain sending helicopters to Ukraine for the first time - Ben Wallace". BBC News. 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022. which were inducted into the brigade.Perreira Julian UK donated Sea King helicopter seen for the first time operating near Black Sea https://www.forces.net/ukraine/uk-donated-sea-king-helicopter-seen-first-time-operating-near-black-sea 2023-01-22 Forces Network 22 January 2023 enPayne Stetson 2023-01-21 Ukraine Situation Report: Donated Sea King Helicopter Makes Debut Near Black Sea https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraine-situation-report-donated-sea-king-helicopter-makes-debut-near-black-sea 2023-01-22 The Drive en On 2 July 2023, the brigade was awarded the honorary award "For Courage and Bravery".2 July 2023 Про відзначення почесною відзнакою "За мужність та відвагу" https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/3672023-47241
Structure
section January 2025
Current
Management and Headquarters: Kulbakine Air Base, MykolaivCooper Crowther Fontanellaz Sipos 2023 35
Fixed Wing Squadron (most aircraft are in storage or non-operational)IISS 2024 212
Helicopter SquadronIISS 2024 212
UAV SquadronIISS 2024 212
Radio, Communication and Technical Support BattalionJanuary 2025
Maintenance BattalionJanuary 2025
Technical and Operational Aircraft equipment BattalionJanuary 2025
Technical and Operational Automobile equipment BattalionJanuary 2025
Material support CompanyJanuary 2025
Rescue Paratroopers groupJanuary 2025
Meteorological groupJanuary 2025
Engineering ServiceJanuary 2025
Guardian PlatoonJanuary 2025
Commanders
section January 2025
Colonel Yuriy Volodymyrovych Moskaliov (2004–2006)
Colonel Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Khomenko (2006–2013)
Colonel Ihor Volodymyrovych Bedzai (2013–2019)
Colonel Ilya Mykolayovych Oleinikov (2019–)
Inventory
Current
AircraftOrigin TypeNotesFixed Wing AircraftAn-26Soviet UnionTransportIn storage.IISS 2024 212Be-12Soviet UnionPatrol / anti-submarineNon-operational.IISS 2024 212An-2Soviet UnionTransportCooper Fontanellaz Sipos 2024 37 HelicoptersKa-226RussiaAmbulancehttps://mil.in.ua/nova-odynycya-v-bryhadi-morskoyi-aviaciyi-vpershe-za-desyatyrichchya/ Нова одиниця в бригаді морської авіації вперше за десятиріччя 2018-05-29 mil.in.ua/ Ukrainian military portal 29 May 2018 11 August 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180811164530/https://mil.in.ua/nova-odynycya-v-bryhadi-morskoyi-aviaciyi-vpershe-za-desyatyrichchya/ https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2018/05/naval-aviation-received-a-helicopter-ka-226.html Морська авіація отримала гелікоптер Ка-226 2018-05-25 ukrmilitary.com Ukrainian Military Pages 2018-05-25 26 May 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041738/https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2018/05/naval-aviation-received-a-helicopter-ka-226.html IISS 2024 212 Ka-27Soviet UnionAnti-submarine IISS 2024 212Mil Mi-14Soviet UnionAnti-submarine / search and rescueIISS 2024 212Mi-8MSB-VSoviet Union / UkraineUtilityCooper Fontanellaz Sipos 2024 37Westland Sea KingUnited KingdomSearch and rescue / transport / utilityIISS 2024 212Unmanned aerial vehiclesBayraktar TB2TurkeyUnmanned combat aerial vehicleIISS 2024 212
Retired
Aircraft previously operated by the 10th Naval Aviation Brigade include: Antonov An-12, Antonov An-24, Antonov An-26, Ilyushin Il-18, Tupolev Tu-134, Kamov Ka-25, Kamov Ka-29, and Mil Mi-6.IISS 2005 132The Ukrainian Navy to replace its fleet of Kamov helicopters - Neizhpapa https://mil.in.ua/en/news/the-ukrainian-navy-to-replace-its-fleet-of-kamov-helicopters-neizhpapa/ 13 January 2025 Militarnyi 24 December 2021
References
Bibliography
Cooper Tom Crowther Edward Fontanellaz Adrien Sipos Milos War in Ukraine: Volume 2: Russian Invasion, February 2022 2023 Helion Limited 978-1-80451-216-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=E7ZNzwEACAAJ en
Cooper Tom Fontanellaz Adrien Sipos Milos War in Ukraine: Volume 6: The Air War February-March 2022 2024 Helion and Company 978-1-80451-698-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=KCIzEQAAQBAJ en
International Institute for Strategic Studies Europe The Military Balance 1 January 1994 97 1 28-100 10.1080/04597229408460066 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/04597229408460066 13 January 2025 0459-7222 IISS 1994 subscription
International Institute for Strategic Studies Europe: Non-Nato The Military Balance 1 January 2005 105 1 107-150 10.1080/04597220500387613 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597220500387613 13 January 2025 Taylor & Francis 0459-7222 IISS 2005 subscription
International Institute for Strategic Studies Chapter Five: Russia and Eurasia The Military Balance 14 February 2022 122 1 164-217 10.1080/04597222.2022.2022930 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597222.2022.2022930 13 January 2025 Taylor & Francis 0459-7222 IISS 2022 subscription
International Institute for Strategic Studies Chapter Four: Russia and Eurasia The Military Balance 12 February 2024 124 1 158-217 10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592 13 January 2025 Taylor & Francis 0459-7222 IISS 2024 subscription
Wragg David The World Air Power Guide 2011 Casemate Publishers 978-1-84468-784-8 https://books.google.com/books?id=s2PNDwAAQBAJ en
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