1929 Grand Banks earthquake

Earthquake and tsunami in eastern Canada August 2023 1929-11-18 20:32:00 iscgem908394 908394 Canada November 18, 1929 November 18, 1929 17:02 7.2 Mw Fine Rabinovich Bornhold Thomson 2005 20 km mi 0 on Fine Rabinovich Bornhold Thomson 2005 44.54 N 56.01 W Engdahl Vallaseñor 2002 VINatural Resources Canada 2002VIIINatural Resources Canada 2018 Yes ~3Natural Resources Canada 2002 27 or 28 killed 1929 Grand Banks earthquake $400,000 Fine Rabinovich Bornhold Thomson 2005 (US 400000 1929 -5 eq) Dominion of Newfoundland Canada French Republic Saint Pierre and Miquelon The 1929 Grand Banks earthquake (also called the Laurentian Slope earthquake and the South Shore Disaster) occurred on November 18, 1929. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of VI (Strong tremor) and was centered in the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Newfoundland in the Laurentian Slope seismic zone.https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/burin-peninsula-tsunami-90th-anniversary-1.5363401 90 years later, a tsunami in southern Newfoundland still brings vivid memories Cbc.ca December 20, 2021 Earthquake The earthquake was centred on the edge of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, about 400 km mi south of the island. It was felt as far away as New York City and Montreal. The quake, which occurred along two faults 250 km mi south of the Burin Peninsula, triggered a large submarine landslide displacing 200 km3 cumi on or of ground. It snapped 12 submarine transatlantic telegraph cables and led to a tsunami that arrived in three waves. Newfoundland, Canada and Saint Pierre and Miquelon had the largest impact, both from the snapped 12 submarine cables, and the tsunami. This was Canada's largest submarine landslide ever recorded, up to 500 times the size of 1894 Saint-Alban subaerial slide.Fine Rabinovich Bornhold Thomson 2005 In 2002 Natural Resources Canada and the United States Geological Survey created an intensity map by using the Revised Modified Mercalli scale.Natural Resources Canada 2018 Tsunami The tsunami waves had an amplitude of 3 - 8 m, and a runup of 13 m ft along the Burin Peninsula.Fine Rabinovich Bornhold Thomson 2005 It destroyed many south coastal communities on the Peninsula, killing 27 or 28 people and leaving 1,000 or more homeless.Ruffman Hann 2006 All means of communication were cut off by the destruction, and relief efforts were further hampered by a blizzard that struck the day after. It was recorded as far away as Lagos, Portugal 4060 km mi on away, 06:47 after the earthquake.Fine Rabinovich Bornhold Thomson 2005 It took 2 hours and 23 minutes to strike Burin, Newfoundland, 340 km mi on from the epicentre, and only two hours to be observed in Bermuda 1445 km mi on.Fine Rabinovich Bornhold Thomson 2005 Tsunami travel times demonstrate the strong anisotropy of the propagating waves. The waves reach open ocean islands such as Bermuda in about 2 h[hours] (mean speed ~700 km/h) and the Azores in about 4 h (~630 km/h). At the same time, tsunami wave speeds are much slower in the direction of the North America[n] coast: they require 2.7 h to reach Halifax (~230 km/h) and 4.2 h to reach Atlantic City (~380 km/h). W.H Berninghausen Fine Rabinovich Bornhold Thomson 2005 Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island felt the earthquake; at the time the intensity was rated at IV (Slight tremor) – VI (Strong tremor) on the Rossi-Forel scale.Natural Resources Canada 2002 In the province, it ranged from an intensity of III (Weak) – V (Moderate).Natural Resources Canada 2002 Saint Pierre and Miquelon In the French Overseas territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Ruffman 1992 about 18 km west of the Burin Peninsula, residents were startled around 16:30h by an earthquake lasting approximately one minute. At 17:20, the subsequent tsunami reached the island of Saint-Pierre, submerging the docks. The most destruction was reported on the island formerly known as Île-aux-Chiens (The Island of the Dogs, until 1931–now known as L'Île-aux-Marins, The Island of the Sailors); the tsunami approached from the south, rising above the height of the south bank that protects the south coast, and flooding the lower part of the island upon impact. The waves destroyed (and moved) several residences and structures, but there were no reported injuries or casualties from the islands.Ruffman 1992 The quake's intensity on the island was V (Moderate tremor) – VI (Strong tremor),Natural Resources Canada 2002 and on the revised Modified Mercalli Intensity scale IV (Light) – V (Moderate).Natural Resources Canada 2018 Aftermath March 2016 In the immediate aftermath of the tsunami, electricity, radio and telegram communications were unavailable for several days. It took three days for the S.S. Meigle to respond to a distress signal, sending supplies, aid workers, doctors, nurses, blankets, and food. Donations from across Newfoundland, the United States and the United Kingdom totaled around $250k (about CA$4.3 million in 2023). There was never an accurate or official list of victims produced, by any individual or branch of the Newfoundland, French or British governments. In a report entitled "Loss of Life", the Dr. Harris Munden Mosdell (chairman of the board of Health Burin West) reported that "The loss of life through the tidal wave totals twenty-seven. Twenty-five deaths were due directly to the upheaval. Two other deaths occurred subsequently and were due to shock and exposure." Later research attributed an additional death to the earthquake.Ruffman Hann 2006The 1929 Magnitude 7.2 "Grand Banks" earthquake and tsunami https://earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/historic-historique/events/19291118-en.php Natural Resources Canada 6 August 2023 In 1952, scientists from Columbia University put together the pieces of the sequentially-broken cables, leading to the discovery of the landslide and the first documentation of a turbidity current.Heezen Ewing 1952 Scientists have examined layers of sand, believed to be deposited by other tsunamis, in an effort to determine the regional frequency of large earthquakes.March 2016 One sand layer, thought to be deposited by the 1929 tsunami at Taylor's Bay, was found 13 cm below the turf line.March 2016 The frequency of large tsunamis varies according to the deposition of sediments offshore, as it was the submarine landslide's power that triggered the wave.https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/tsunami-1929.php The Tsunami of 1929 heritage.nf.ca 6 August 2023 See also List of earthquakes in 1929 List of earthquakes in Canada List of tsunamis References Citations Sources 30em Natural Resources Canada 2002 Le séisme de magnitude 7,2 et le tsunami de 1929 sur les "Grands Bancs" http://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/historic-historique/events/19291118-en.php Natural Resources Canada 6 March 2016 Natural Resources Canada 2018 Revised Modified Mercalli intensities for the Magnitude 7.2 1929 Grand Banks earthquake http://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/historic-historique/events/19291118-revmmi-en.php Natural Resources Canada 19 October 2018 22 November 2016 International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology Part A, Volume 81A Global seismicity: 1900–1999 E. R. Engdahl A. Vallaseñor https://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/centennial/centennial.pdf Academic Press September 12, 2002 First 978-0124406520 675 I. V. Fine A. B. Rabinovich B. D. Bornhold R. E. Thomson E. A. Kulikov 2005 The Grand Banks landslide-generated tsunami of November 18, 1929: preliminary analysis and numerical modeling Marine Geology Elsevier 215 1–2 45–57 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.007 http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/SCI/osap/projects/tsunami/documents/1929.pdf dead https://web.archive.org/web/20070630105626/http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/SCI/osap/projects/tsunami/documents/1929.pdf June 30, 2007 2005MGeol.215...45F http://www.ajsonline.org/content/250/12/849.extract Turbidity Currents and Submarine Slumps, and the 1929 Grand Banks Earthquake Heezen B.C. Ewing M. American Journal of Science 1952 250 849–873 10.2475/ajs.250.12.849 free The Newfoundland Tsunami of November 18, 1929: An Examination of the Twenty-eight Deaths of the "South Coast Disaster" http://www.seismescanada.rncan.gc.ca/historic-historique/events/Ruffman_Hann2006_NLSv21.pdf A. Ruffman V. Hann 57 2006 5 March 2016 Newfoundland and Labrador Studies Ruffman Alan Archiving Content The 1929 Tsunami In St. Lawrence, Newfoundland Tsunami Runup Mapping as an Emergency Preparedness Planning Tool 1992 2-Appendices and Enclosures 294 https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/lbrr/archives/gc%20222.n6%20r84%201996%20v.2-eng.pdf 4 March 2016 Emergency Preparedness Protection civile Canada External links Archival moment: Tsunami hits Burin Peninsula – CBC The Magnitude 7.2 1929 "Grand Banks" earthquake and tsunami – Natural Resources Canada The South Shore disaster: Newfoundland's tsunami Not Too Long Ago (first hand accounts of the tsunami, pp. 51–60) Newfoundland Tsunami – November 18, 1929 – Library and Archives Canada Marine Geology Volume 215, Issues 1–2 International Journal of Marine geology, Geochemistry and Geophysics (2004) 0025-3227 908394 Further reading Tsunami: The Newfoundland Tidal Wave Disaster – Maura Hanrahan (2004) 1-894463-63-3 Category:Earthquakes in Canada Category:Natural disasters in Newfoundland and Labrador Category:Natural disasters in Nova Scotia Category:Natural disasters in Prince Edward Island Category:1929 in Saint Pierre and Miquelon Category:1920s in Newfoundland Category:1929 in North America Grand Banks earthquake Grand Banks earthquake Grand Banks earthquake Grand Banks earthquake Grand Banks earthquake Grand Banks earthquake