2008 Lebanon conflict

Intrastate conflict in Lebanon in 2008 the conflict in Lebanon in 2008 the conflict in 2007 2007 Lebanon conflict the war in 2006 2006 Lebanon War 2008 Lebanon conflict 300px 1/2/2/1 infobox Lebanese Tank Beirut Lebanon Unrest 5-9-08.jpg Heavily Damaged Car Beirut Lebanon Unrest 5-9-08.jpg Syria_Social_Nationalist_Party_Flags_Beirut_Lebanon_5-9-08.jpg Future TV building Beirut after getting arsoned.jpg Fighters in Beirut.jpg 300px Top to bottom, and left to right: Future TV building in Beirut after suffering from arson, A Lebanese Army M113 armored personnel carrier in Beirut, flag of the SSNP in a Beirut street, Destroyed car in Beirut, picture of armed fighters taken from the Crowne Plaza in Beirut. May 7, 2008 – May 14, 2008 (main phase, sporadic clashes continued into July) (05 07 2008 05 14 2008) Lebanon Doha Agreement (2008) 14th march.svg March 14 Alliance Flag of the Future Movement.svg Future Movement Flag of the Progressive Socialist Party.svg Progressive Socialist Party 22px|border March 8 Alliance Hezbollah Flag of the Amal Movement.svg Amal Movement Flag of the Lebanese Democratic Party.svg LDP Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg SSNP-L Single_Color_Flag_-_0434B1.svg Arab Democratic Party Flag of the Future Movement.svg Saad HaririFlag of the Progressive Socialist Party.svg Walid Jumblatt Hezbollah Hassan NasrallahFlag of the Amal Movement.svg Nabih BerriFlag of the Lebanese Democratic Party.svg Talal ArslanFlag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg Rabi BanatSingle_Color_Flag_-_0434B1.svg Ali Eid 70–110 dead military The 2008 Lebanon conflict (or the 7 May clashes; Arabic: أحداث 7 أيار) was a brief civil war in May 2008 in Lebanon between Hezbollah and pro-government Sunnis.Mansour Alia 2024-05-09 Sixteen years later, May is still dark https://nowlebanon.com/sixteen-years-later-may-is-still-dark/ 2025-04-09 Nowlebanon en-USThe Cedar Dissolution: Lebanon's Civil Strife https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/cedar-dissolution-lebanons-civil-strife 2025-04-09 www.rusi.orghttps en2008-05-08 Violence escalates between Sunni and Shia in Beirut http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/may/08/lebanon 2021-10-16 The Guardian en After the 18-month-long political crisis spiralled out of control,Violence escalates between Sunni and Shia in Beirut Lebanon The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/may/08/lebanon 2020-12-08 amp.theguardian.com with the government's decision to dismantle Hezbollah's telecommunication system,Nasrallah hails May 7 as 'glorious day' for Resistance https://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/Lebanon-News/2009/May-16/54476-nasrallah-hails-may-7-as-glorious-day-for-resistance.ashx 2021-10-16 The Daily Star 2021-10-16 https://web.archive.org/web/20211016060225/https://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/Lebanon-News/2009/May-16/54476-nasrallah-hails-may-7-as-glorious-day-for-resistance.ashx dead Hezbollah seized control of majority Sunni neighborhoods in west Beirut.Worth Robert F. Robert F. Worth Bakri Nada Nada Bakri 2008-05-10 Hezbollah Seizes Swath of Beirut From U.S.-Backed Lebanon Government en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/10/world/middleeast/10lebanon.html 2021-10-16 0362-4331 2008-05-15 Lebanon: Hizbollah's Weapons Turn Inward https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/eastern-mediterranean/lebanon/lebanon-hizbollah-s-weapons-turn-inward 2021-10-16 Crisis Group en The conflict ended with the adoption of the Doha Accord in 2008. The fighting between pro-government and Hezbollah affiliated to respectively the Future Movement and PSP political parties on one side and Hezbollah, Amal, SSNP, LDP and the Arab Democratic Party on the other side, was sparked by a government move to shut down Hezbollah's telecommunication network and remove Beirut Airport's head of security after the discovery of a hidden remote-controlled camera monitoring one of the airport's runway and his alleged ties to Hezbollah.Blanford Nicholas 2008-05-09 Hezbollah phone network spat sparks Beirut street war Christian Science Monitor https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2008/0509/p05s01-wome.html 2020-05-10 0882-7729 Clashes first occurred on May 7 after a general strike called for by the country's union federation to demand higher wages and decry high consumer prices became overshadowed by the government's decisions and escalated into low-level violence between pro-government and Hezbollah. Violence severely escalated the next morning on May 8 after a televised speech by Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah. In his speech, Nasrallah called the Lebanese government decision to ban the organization's telecommunication network a declaration of war. Shortly after his speech, heavy fighting broke out in Beirut. Within two days, Hezbollah-led opposition fighters had seized control of several West Beirut majority Sunni neighbourhoods from pro-government Future Movement militiamen.2008-05-09 Hezbollah takes over west Beirut BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7391600.stm live 2008-05-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20080511011229/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7391600.stm 11 May 2008 In the following days, fighting between pro-government and Hezbollah spread to other parts of the country with major clashes in the Aley District and Tripoli.Kandy Ringer Lebanon's Fighting Spreads to Druze Heartland BBC News http://bbsnews.net/article.php/20080512134939559 dead 2008-12-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20080514030635/http://bbsnews.net/article.php/20080512134939559 May 14, 2008 On May 15, an intervention by the Arab League brokered an immediate end to hostilities and a pledge from warring parties to send emissaries to Doha for a mediation process.Dakhlallah Farah 2012-03-01 The Arab League in Lebanon: 2005–2008 Cambridge Review of International Affairs 25 1 71 10.1080/09557571.2011.646241 154422221 0955-7571 The resulting Doha Agreement, reached on May 21, 2008, brought an end to the 18-month political feud that exploded into fighting and nearly drove the country to a new civil war.Lebanon rivals agree crisis deal http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7411835.stm BBC News 21 May 2008 2020-03-14 Background 2006–2008 Lebanese protests On December 1, 2006, a series of protests and sit-ins began in Lebanon, led by the March 8 political coalition which opposed the government of Prime Minister Fouad Siniora. Formed after the Cedar Revolution in 2005, the March 8 coalition was made up of the Shiite Hezbollah and Amal, the Christian Free Patriotic Movement and a number of smaller parties such as the SSNP, LDP and the Arab Democratic Party. On the other side of the political divide stood the March 14 coalition, at the time holding the majority of cabinet and parliamentary seats. The March 14 coalition was made up of the primarily Sunni Future Movement and a number of smaller parties including the Druze Progressive Socialist Party and the Christian Lebanese Forces.Arsan Andrew Lebanon: a country in fragments. C. Hurst & Co. 2018 978-1-78738-365-4 London 1127917942 At the core of commencement of the protests was the unhappiness of Hezbollah with the division of power under the current status quo and the pro-Western course of the Lebanese government.Arsan Andrew Lebanon: a country in fragments C. Hurst & Co. 2018 978-1-78738-365-4 London 76–77 1127917942 It argued that too much executive power was in the hands of the Future Movement, the primary political party of March 14, which it in their view misused by too closely aligned with Western states, most notably the United States, thereby compromising Lebanon's sovereignty and security. In addition, the period was marked by political strife between the March 8 and March 14 coalitions over the international investigation on the assassination of former prime minister Rafic Hariri, the creation of the future Lebanon Tribunal to prosecute the perpetrators this assassination and the question of Hezbollah's armed status.Knudsen Are Lebanon : after the Cedar Revolution C. Hurst & Co. 2012 978-0-19-934296-9 Knudsen & Kerr London 224–226 855977558Hirst David Beware of small states : Lebanon, battleground of the Middle East Nation Books 2010 978-0-7867-4441-1 New York 604621609Knudsen Are Lebanon : after the Cedar Revolution Kerr Michael C. Hurst & Co. 2012 978-0-19-934296-9 Knudsen & Kerr London 6–8 855977558Lebanon: Hizbollah's Weapons Turn Inward https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/eastern-mediterranean/lebanon/lebanon-hizbollah-s-weapons-turn-inward 15 May 2008 International Crisis Group 19 May 2020 Hezbollah was the only organization allowed to retain its weapons after the ratification of the Taif Agreement, which brought an end to the Lebanese Civil War, although UN Security Council Resolution 1559 of September 2004 denied the organization the right to retain its arms. By 2008, the military strength of the organization had grown to such levels that it was widely considered to be stronger than the Lebanese Armed Forces. To ensure its interests, Hezbollah demanded a new national unity government in which March 8 would have at least a third plus one of the cabinet seats in order to grant them the ability to veto cabinet decisions.In Lebanon, Saniora stiffens his resistance / Prime minister rallies his backers, mostly Sunnis, against Hezbollah and its allies https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/In-Lebanon-Saniora-stiffens-his-resistance-2465354.php Shadid Anthony (Washington Post) 2006-12-15 SF Gate 2020-05-01 After Shi'a ministers of Hezbollah and Amal had resigned from the cabinet in December 2006 in protest against a decision concerning the Lebanon Tribunal, the opposition demanded the immediate resignation of the cabinet as it now was unbalanced with regard to the proportional representation of religious groups as stipulated by the Lebanese Constitution and therefore was deemed illegitimate.Arsan Andrew Lebanon : a country in fragments C. Hurst & Co. 2018 978-1-78738-365-4 London 77–78 11279179422006-11-12 Hezbollah ministers quit cabinet en-GB BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6139730.stm 2020-05-01 When Prime Minister Siniora refused to resign his cabinet, Hezbollah and its allies on March 8 called on its supporters in early December 2006 to protest against the perceived illegitimacy of the cabinet of Siniora to increase pressure on it.Arsan Andrew Lebanon : a country in fragments C. Hurst & Co. 2018 978-1-78738-365-4 London 80–85 1127917942 In the face of massive protests, Siniora and the remaining ministers in his cabinet still refused to step down as long as they enjoyed the support of the majority of the parliament. As protestors kept up the pressure on the government with their encampment near the Grand Serail, the prime ministerial office in downtown Beirut, Siniora and his minister were under virtual house arrest due to security concerns since the assassination of Pierre Gemayel, one of Siniora's ministers, in late 2006.Slackman Michael 2006-11-22 Lebanon Official Critical of Syria Is Assassinated en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/22/world/middleeast/22lebanon.html 2020-05-10 0362-4331 With Siniora not giving in, the opposition organized a general strike in January 2007, which ended in sectarian clashes leaving multiple dead and hundreds wounded.2007-01-23 Strike plunges Lebanon into chaos en-GB BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6288503.stm 2020-05-10 Political deadlock took a new turn with the end of term of President Émile Lahoud in late 2007 as the March 8 and March 14 blocs could not agree on his successor, leaving the country in a presidential vacuum further worsening the political crisis.2007-11-23 Lebanese presidency ends in chaos en-GB BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7110202.stm 2020-05-10Arsan Andrew Lebanon: a country in fragments C. Hurst & Co. 2018 978-1-78738-365-4 London 99 1127917942 May 2008 controversies In May 2008, the tensions between the pro-government and opposition parties escalated when the cabinet announced a series of security decisions. Tensions began with revelations on Friday May 2 made by Progressive Socialist Party leader Walid Jumblatt, a key politician in the ruling March 14 alliance. He announced that a remote-controlled camera had been set up in a container park overlooking Beirut international airport's runway 17, which was frequently being used by March 14 politicians.Arsan Andrew Lebanon : a country in fragments C. Hurst & Co. 2018 978-1-78738-365-4 London 91–92 1127917942Le chef du PSP révèle l'existence d'un réseau de télécommunications du Hezbollah reliant le Sud au Hermel Joumblatt met en garde contre une opération sécuritaire d'envergure visant la piste 17 de l'aéroport de Beyrouth https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/589074/Le_chef_du_PSP_revele_l%2527existence_d%2527un_reseau_de_telecommunications_du_Hezbollah_reliant_le_Sud_au_HermelJoumblatt_met_en_garde_contre_une_operati.html 2008-05-03 L'Orient-Le Jour fr 2020-03-14 In March 14 circles, fear was that the monitoring could be used for a possible attack on its leaders, as Lebanon had faced a series of political assassinations in recent times.Jim Muir Jim Muir 2008-05-03 Hezbollah in airport spying row BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7382289.stm live 2008-05-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20080506144729/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7382289.stm 6 May 2008 Although Jumblatt did not accuse the party directly, he made clear that he thought March 8's Hezbollah was behind the monitoring system's installment. Hezbollah dismissed the accusations, calling the allegation a product of Jumblatt's imagination and saying that those who leveled them were scaremongering and simply parroting a US campaign against it and other groups which are resisting Israel. In addition to the monitoring system, Jumblatt stated that Hezbollah had laid down a fiber optic telecommunication network connecting its powerbase in Dahiya in South Beirut with cities and towns in South and East Lebanon in predominantly Shiite areas. Although this was known to the government, it was now claimed that the network was being extended to the predominantly Christian and Druze areas of Mount Lebanon. In its response to these allegations, the Lebanese cabinet announced that it regarded the telecommunication network and the monitoring system as a breach of law, undermining the state's sovereignty and the security of its citizens. Therefore, it declared that the matter would be referred not only to the Lebanese judicial system, but also to the Arab League and the United Nations. In addition to infringing state sovereignty, the network was regarded by the government as an infringement on public funds since it claimed that it competes with its own and used the Lebanese infrastructure.May 2020 The cabinet announced that it would uproot the telecommunication network and also ordered the removal of Brigadier General Wafic Shkeir, head of security at Beirut's international airport and considered to be sympathetic to Hezbollah and Amal, on account of failing to deal with the monitoring system.2008-05-06 Beirut to axe Hezbollah telecoms BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7385733.stm live 2008-05-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20080510214054/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7385733.stm 10 May 2008 These moves severely antagonized Hezbollah, bringing tensions between the March 8 and March 14 coalitions to a boiling point. Armed clashes Timeline of the 2008 fighting in Lebanon May 7: Protests and minor clashes Coincidentally, a day after the cabinet's decision, on Wednesday May 7, the Lebanese General Workers Union had planned a general strike to demand higher wages and decry high consumer prices.Arsan Andrew Lebanon: a country in fragments C. Hurst & Co. 2018 978-1-78738-365-4 London 93–94 1127917942 The strike turned violent as the opposition threw their weight behind the strike, paralyzing large parts of Lebanon's capital Beirut.LEBANON: High prices, low wages feed violent political stand-off 8 May 2008 http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78100 IRIN live https://web.archive.org/web/20080605145439/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=78100 5 June 2008 2008-05-17 Instigated by the recent developments and the strike, pro-government and opposition supporters took the streets coming into conflict with each other at multiple places. Clashes were first reported when government and opposition supporters in a pro-government sector of Beirut exchanged insults and began throwing stones at each other after Hezbollah supporters insisted on blocking the roads.May 2020 Witnesses said security forces intervened and gunshots were heard, apparently troops firing in the air to disperse the crowds.May 2020 In the afternoon, verbal violence and stone throwing turned into more violent clashes, with gunfire sporadically going off in the city.2008-05-07 Lebanon political conflict turns violent en Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lebanon-strike-idUSL0761005520080507 2020-05-01 Around the city, armed opposition supporters blocked roads including the strategic road towards Beirut international airport, cutting it off from the rest of the city, and roads to the city's sea port. May 8 - May 9: Takeover of Beirut After a tense night with sporadic gunfire, Hezbollah's secretary-general Hassan Nasrallah addressed the country in a speech televised on Hezbollah affiliated al-Manar station in the morning of May 8.Arsan Andrew Lebanon : a country in fragments C. Hurst & Co. 2018 978-1-78738-365-4 London 94–95 1127917942 He referred to the cabinet's decisions of that week as "despotic" and having inaugurated a new phase in Lebanese history, similar to the assassination of former prime minister Rafic Hariri in 2005.Nasrallah addresses Lebanon - 08 May 08 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrfxnCoPViI 8 May 2008 YouTube He stated that the telecommunication network was not a simple commercial operation aimed merely at generating profit for the organization, but "integral and fundamental" as part of its military apparatus. He claimed that his opponents had already known about the existence of the telecommunication network years before and in drawing attention to the timing of the decision, insinuated that the cabinet's actions were aimed at obstructing the forces of the Resistance (against Israel) in the region. Hezbollah had the right to defend itself, he argued, and metaphorically stated that they would cut-off the hand of anyone that would touch the Resistance. "All red lines had been crossed", according to Nasrallah, and the actions therefore amounted to no less than a "declaration of war." thumb|left|A Lebanese APC in Beirut, on May 9, during the unrest Minutes after Nasrallah's speech, heavy street battles began between pro-government and Hezbollah. Fighting erupted along Corniche Mazraa, an avenue separating Shiite and Sunni areas, later spreading to the western, southern and eastern parts of Beirut where Sunni and Shiite neighborhoods overlapped.Violence escalates between Sunni and Shia in Beirut http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/may/08/lebanon 2008-05-08 The Guardian en 2020-04-30 Combat was also heard near the office of Lebanon's Sunni religious leader - an ally of the government - and the palatial compound of the Hariri family in Koreitem was hit by RPG fire.Hezbollah 'seizes west Beirut' https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2008/05/20086150227804659.html www.aljazeera.com 2020-05-01 More barricades were set up, closing major highways. Hezbollah eventually overran the positions of pro-government militias in West Beirut and burnt-down three pro-government offices. Saad Hariri, leader of the Future Movement, quickly responded to the outbreak of violence, describing the events as a form of fitna, criticizing the actions of Hezbollah as a threat to the unity of the country and calling on Nasrallah to stop the descendance towards civil war.Saad Hariri speech on may 8 2008 - part 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlnNND5sGHg 9 May 2008 YouTubeArsan Andrew Lebanon: a country in fragments C. Hurst & Co. 2018 978-1-78738-365-4 London 96 1127917942 Faced with large-scale inter-communal violence erupting all over the city, the Lebanese Armed Forces decided not to intervene in the clashes for fear of sparking divisions in the army along sectarian lines, as had happened during the civil war.2008-05-09 Gunbattles break out in Beirut CNN http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/05/08/lebanon.hezbollah/index.html live 2008-05-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20080509050136/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/05/08/lebanon.hezbollah/index.html 9 May 2008 Other factors that as to why the army did not act in line with the cabinet are, according to political scientist Aram Nerguizian, the apprehension among army commanders at how the cabinet chose to address the issue of Hezbollah's telecommunication network.Salloukh, B. Barakat, R. Al-Habbal, J. Khattab, L. Mikaelian, S. amp Politics of sectarianism in postwar Lebanon Pluto Press 2015 978-1-78371-342-4 London 129 920654681 Secondly, the perception among them that cabinet also did not sufficiently consult the army prior to their decision to dismiss Beirut's airport head of security. Thirdly, the presidential ambitions of Army Commander Michel Suleiman - who would indeed within two weeks become the country's next president - and his resulting need not to antagonize the March 8 coalition and its Syrian allies may also have influenced his decision not to intervene against Hezbollah according to Nerguizian. The army's decision to refrain from intervention did spark objections from within however. Some saw it as a "missed opportunity" for the army to "signal its objection to domestic military action by any of the country's competing political/sectarian forces." Around 120 Sunni officers later even offered their resignation as response to "the humiliation felt from the military's conduct during the militias' invasion of Beirut" as their resignation letter stated.Salloukh, B. Barakat, R. Al-Habbal, J. Khattab, L. Mikaelian, S. amp Politics of sectarianism in postwar Lebanon Pluto Press 2015 978-1-78371-342-4 London 128 920654681 All of the officers except one later repealed their resignation however. Fighting from the previous day lasted throughout the night and only stopped for a short time a little bit after dawn on May 9, 2008. However, fighting quickly resumed after the brief lull. Pro-government militias were however no match to the Hezbollah led opposition forces. All over West Beirut, pro-government militias had lost ground.Hezbollah gunmen seize large areas of Beirut https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna24534124 2008-05-09 NBCnews.com en 2020-05-01 Media outlets related to the pro-government Future Movement, amongst which Future TV, Al Mustaqbal Newspaper, Future News, Radio Orient and Future-owned Armenian radio station Sevan had been raided by opposition fighters and forced to close.Hezbollah militants take over West Beirut CNN http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/05/09/beirut.violence/index.html 2008-05-09 https://web.archive.org/web/20080510234311/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/05/09/beirut.violence/index.html 2008-05-10Cochrane Paul 2008 Lebanon's media battle https://www.arabmediasociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/20080929132929_AMS6_Paul_Cochrane.pdf Arab Media & Society 6 Future TV and Al Mustaqbal were particularly targeted by opposition fighters. RPG missiles were launched from empty adjacent buildings under construction to Mustaqbal's offices, setting fire to two floors.Fregonese Sara 2012 Beyond the 'Weak State': Hybrid Sovereignties in Beirut Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 30 4 668–669 10.1068/d11410 2012EnPlD..30..655F 144688076 0263-7758 Future TV offices were raided by Hezbollah members who subsequently cut all of its broadcasts. According to Habib Battah, a media analyst, shutting down Future TV was not only a psychological attack on Future Movement's supporters, but also gave the opposition a monopoly on propaganda messages.thumb|Armed fighters near the Crowne Plaza in Beirut on May 9 Overpowered by Hezbollah's military apparatus and besieged in his residence, Saad Hariri had by then ordered militia members loyal to his Future Movement to stand down.Worth Robert F. Bakri Nada 2008-05-10 Hezbollah Seizes Swath of Beirut From U.S.-Backed Lebanon Government en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/10/world/middleeast/10lebanon.html 2020-05-01 0362-4331 The opposition had now firmly moved in and taken over abandoned positions of pro-government fighters, seizing large parts of the capital's western neighbourhoods. The Lebanese Army also stepped in to take over position deserted by pro-government militiamen and in some instance were handed over control of recently conquered position by Hezbollah. In some neighbourhoods, the takeover had been peaceful with opposition fighters facing no resistance as they moved throughout West Beirut. May 10 - May 12: Fighting spreads to Aley and the North thumb|left|Flags of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party were raised as a victory during the unrest on May 9th, 2008. As fighting in Beirut dwindled down, violence began to spread to other parts of the country, in particular the Aley District south of Beirut and the north of the country. In the evening of May 9 sporadic clashes erupted in Sidon, where two civilians were killed; and in Bar Elias in the Bekaa Valley where a woman was killed. Also, eight people were killed near the town of Aley in clashes between government supporters and opponents. Seven people who were Hezbollah supporters were killed.Beirut streets 'calm' after clashes Al Jazeera http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/2BB82CA0-4895-4454-8E29-7072B103E06C.htm dead 2008-05-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20080510155231/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/2BB82CA0-4895-4454-8E29-7072B103E06C.htm 10 May 2008Lebanon death toll up following northern clash Ynet http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3541431,00.html live 2008-05-16 https://web.archive.org/web/20080515223750/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-3541431%2C00.html 15 May 2008 On May 10, 2008, a funeral procession was attacked by a shop-owner affiliated with the Amal Movement, whose shop was previously burned down by Sunni militants, leaving six people dead.September 2020 An Associated Press photographer who witnessed the shooting said the attack came as a procession of 200 people headed toward a nearby cemetery to bury a 24-year-old pro-government supporter killed in previous fighting.Six killed during Beirut funeral: medics France 24 http://www.france24.com/en/20080510-six-killed-during-beirut-funeral-medics dead 2008-05-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20080510203646/http://www.france24.com/en/20080510-six-killed-during-beirut-funeral-medics May 10, 2008 At least 14 people were killed in the town of Halba, in the Akkar region of north Lebanon, as about 100 pro-Future Movement gunmen attacked an office of the SSNP.2008-05-12 Aussie's death sparks Lebanon alert The Sydney Morning Herald https://www.smh.com.au/news/world/aussies-death-sparks-lebanon-alert/2008/05/12/1210444296256.html live 30 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20121108100849/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/aussies-death-sparks-lebanon-alert/2008/05/12/1210444296256.html 8 November 2012 dmy-all 10 of the dead were SSNP members, three were government loyalists and one was an Australian citizen of Lebanese descent on vacation in Lebanon, who was trying to get information at the SSNP offices about evacuating from the city.Australian killed in Lebanon: DFAT http://hawkesbury.yourguide.com.au/news/national/national/general/australian-killed-in-lebanon-dfat/768453.aspx The Hawkesbury Gazette https://web.archive.org/web/20080802162738/http://hawkesbury.yourguide.com.au/news/national/national/general/australian-killed-in-lebanon-dfat/768453.aspx 2008-08-02 2008-05-12Jackson Andra 2008-05-12 Melbourne man killed in Lebanon 'was on holiday' The Age Melbourne http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/man-killed-in-lebanon-was-on-holiday/2008/05/12/1210444292099.html live 30 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20121107021206/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/man-killed-in-lebanon-was-on-holiday/2008/05/12/1210444292099.html 7 November 2012 dmy-allDay 5: Lebanese dare to hope worst is over Daily Star (Lebanon) http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=91930 live 2008-05-16 https://web.archive.org/web/20080517053917/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=91930 17 May 2008 The Australian father of four, Fadi Sheikh, reportedly had his hands and feet cut off.http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/melbourne-dad-mutilated-in-lebanon/story-e6frf7kx-1111116330346 Melbourne dad mutilated in Lebanon Herald Sunhttp://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/aussies-body-is-mutilated-by-mob/story-e6frg6of-1111116321514 Australian Fahdi Sheikh's body mutilated by Beirut mob The AustralianOctober 2026 medicmedic The SSNP says Fadi Sheikh was a member of the party - but was not a militant. He was just in the wrong place at the wrong time.https://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2008/s2243513.htm The World Today - Fighting in Lebanon claims life of Melbourne taxi driver Australian Broadcasting Corporation One other person was killed in fighting in Sidon and two soldiers died in fighting east of Beirut.12 killed in pro and anti-government gun battle in northern Lebanon Ynet http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3541533,00.html live 2008-05-16 https://web.archive.org/web/20110522182538/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3541533,00.html 2011-05-22 Heavy fighting had also broken out between Alawite Hezbollah sympathizers and Sunni supporters of the government in the neighbourhoods of Jabal Mohsen and Bab al-Tabbaneh, two neighbourhoods in Tripoli notorious for its sectarian violence, leading thousands to flee their homes.2008-05-11 Lebanese army sends troops north BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7394395.stm live 2008-05-16 https://web.archive.org/web/20080514142621/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7394395.stm 14 May 2008 Faced with the escalated situation as a result of the cabinet's decisions, Prime Minister Fouad Siniora announced on May 10 that the cabinet would handover the issue of telecommunication network to the army and, in addition, announced the reinstatement of the head of security of Beirut's international airport.Yoav Stern Yoav Stern Hezbollah fighters retreat from Beirut after 37 die in clashes Haaretz https://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/981696.html dead 2008-05-11 https://web.archive.org/web/20080512082543/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/981696.html 12 May 2008 dmy-allStratton Allegra 2008-05-10 Hizbullah agrees to pull its gunmen off Beirut streets en-GB The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/may/10/lebanon 2020-05-19 0261-3077 Subsequently, the Lebanese army took a more active stance in the events and announced it had frozen the measures taken by the government and called for all armed militants to withdraw from the streets.Lebanese army revokes government decisions against Hezbollah http://www.france24.com/en/20080510-lebanese-army-overturns-government-decisions-against-hezbollah-lebanon&navi=MONDE France 24 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20080514104656/http://www.france24.com/en/20080510-lebanese-army-overturns-government-decisions-against-hezbollah-lebanon%26navi%3DMONDE 2008-05-14 2008-05-11 In response, Hezbollah announced that it would withdraw its fighters together with other opposition fighters from West Beirut in compliance with the Lebanese army's request, but that a civil disobedience campaign will continue until the group's political demands are met. The next day, Beirut was quiet as control of areas seized by the opposition was handed over to the Lebanese army. Many roads in the capital remained blockaded however, including the strategic airport road, as the opposition continued their campaign of civil disobedience.Day 5: Lebanese dare to hope worst is over The Daily Star (Lebanon) http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=91930 live 2008-05-12 https://web.archive.org/web/20080517053917/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=91930 2008-05-17 Battle of Mount Barook and Aley District On May 9, heavy fighting broke out in Mount Lebanon between pro-government Progressive Socialist Party fighters and Hezbollah. The clashes started in Aytat, near Kaifun and soon expanded to cover many spots in Mount Lebanon including the cities of Baisour, Choueifat and Aley. Most of the fighting was concentrated on Hill 888. Fighting started when four Druze members of the Aley municipal police were kidnapped by Hezbollah. Soon after the news of the kidnapping spread, the mayor of Aley assembled a group of PSP fighters and went up to Hill 888. As they reached the hill they were attacked by Hezbollah gunmen who wounded a few of the PSP and municipality members. PSP members retaliated by killing 3 of the kidnappers. The incident developed into a significant armed clash.Saturday's live coverage of the war in Lebanon http://www.yalibnan.com/site/archives/2008/05/_1415_governmen.php Ya Libnan dead https://web.archive.org/web/20080612180619/http://yalibnan.com/site/archives/2008/05/_1415_governmen.php 2008-06-12 2008-12-24 Artillery and mortars were used for the first time during these battles. A ceasefire agreement was supposed to take place at 18:00 of the same day, but fighters from both sides continued to exchange fire.May 2020 Negotiations were ongoing for the PSP members to give up the fight and surrender their positions to the Lebanese Army, but it never happened.May 2020 The battles at Aley stopped for several hours, but the two sides clashed again in Mount Barouk to the southeast shortly before midnight. Barook separates the Druze heartland of Shouf from the mainly Shi'ite southern end of the Bekaa Valley. That night Hezbollah's fighters deployed from southern Beirut to the Qmatiye area tried to attack the hills near Aley but they were beaten back. After that Hezbollah tried to go on the offensive again and attacked their rival's positions. The Druze fighters had fought the Hezbollah militants from dug-in positions left over from the 1975–90 Civil War.Nicholas Blanford/Qmatiyeh 2008-05-13 Hizballah's Toughest Foe in Lebanon http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1756914,00.html?xid=feed-yahoo-full-world Time https://web.archive.org/web/20121026070641/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1756914,00.html?xid=feed-yahoo-full-world 2012-10-26 2008-12-24 dead Hezbollah bombarded the pro-government Druze area with artillery while ground forces attacked Druze positions using rockets and machine guns.Hezbollah-led forces take revolt to mountains above Beirut CNN http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/05/11/lebanon.violence/index.html 2008-05-15 https://web.archive.org/web/20080514143633/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/05/11/lebanon.violence/index.html 2008-05-14 By morning, the Druze fighters agreed to cease hostilities and several villages loyal to Lebanon's pro-government Druze leader Walid Jumblatt had been handed over to the army. The kidnapped municipality police members were released by Hezbollah on May 12 in exchange of at least 30 Hezbollah members that were kidnapped by PSP in Mount Barook.Monday's live coverage of the war in Lebanon http://yalibnan.com/site/archives/2008/05/breaking_news_l_7.php Ya Libnan dead https://web.archive.org/web/20080616122527/http://yalibnan.com/site/archives/2008/05/breaking_news_l_7.php 2008-06-16 2008-12-24 Clashes in Hamra and Tripoli After a day of relative quiet in Beirut renewed gunfire was heard in the commercial area of Hamra in the western part of the city shortly after midnight on May 12. The fighting occurred near the home of Future Movement leader Saad al-Hariri. A two-man Al Jazeera camera crew suffered injuries while trying to film the fighting and were evacuated by the Lebanese army.Fresh clashes in north Lebanon http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/9696FDD9-BE2C-4610-B5BB-D7FE88C2B003.htm Al Jazeera dead https://web.archive.org/web/20080512131108/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/9696FDD9-BE2C-4610-B5BB-D7FE88C2B003.htm 12 May 2008 2008-05-12 Meanwhile, in Tripoli, clashes left one person dead and at least six others wounded. Now taking a proactive role in the events, the Army stated that if the clashes did not end by Tuesday May 13, it would intervene and use force if necessary to end the fighting.Lebanon army gives gunmen deadline to disarm 12 May 2008 http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2008/05/12/49725.html Al Arabiya https://web.archive.org/web/20080517143623/http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2008/05/12/49725.html 2008-05-17 2008-05-13Worth Robert F. 2008-05-13 Lebanese Army Says It Will Use Force to Quell Fighting en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/world/middleeast/13lebanon.html 2020-05-20 0362-4331 The next days saw only limited and sporadic fighting. Resolution process Arab League intervention As fighting was spreading to other parts of Lebanon, the Arab League, which had been involved as a mediator in Lebanese political crises since 2005, decided to intervene in Lebanon at an emergency meeting on May 11. The League Council mandated the formation of a Ministerial Committee headed by the Foreign Minister of Qatar and the League's Secretary General which was to go to Lebanon and mediate in the crisis. The League Council also called for a halt to the fighting, the withdrawal of militiamen from the streets, the facilitation of the Lebanese Army to restore calm and talks between the Lebanese political leaders. On May 15, after a round of talks with Lebanon's prime political leaders, the Ministerial Committee announced an initial agreement that marked a cessation of all hostilities and entailed that major Lebanese political leaders would enter into a national dialogue the next day in Doha for further mediation. Doha Agreement Doha Agreement (2008) After half a week of deliberations in Doha, Lebanese political leaders signed an accord on May 21 that brought an immediate end to the 16-month political crisis that had been plaguing the country. Following the principle of "no victor, no vanquished", which entails that no political party or sect can eliminate one of the other political parties or sects, the Doha Agreement was regarded as a compromise deal between government and opposition demands.Reactions to Doha agreement https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2008/05/200861505828172523.html www.aljazeera.com 2020-05-06For further information on how this principle has the effect that past violence continues to remain a concern in the present and facilitate the feelings of emergence of future violence see: Hermez, Sami (2017). War is coming : between past and future violence in Lebanon. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc. 978-0-8122-9368-5. 969646213. The accord stipulated (1) the immediate election of Army Commander Michel Suleiman as president; (2) the formation of a national unity government with a blocking third for the opposition; (3) adaption of the electoral law aimed at redistricting based on the 1960 electoral law; (4) a commitment by the signatories not to resort to violence for political gains; (5) initiation of a national dialogue on the promotion of Lebanon's internal sovereignty and (6) a commitment by signatories to abstain from resorting to rhetoric of treason or political and sectarian incitement.Doha Agreement. 2008. Retrieved from https://peacemaker.un.org/lebanon-dohaagreement2008Dakhlallah Farah 2012 The Arab League in Lebanon: 2005–2008 Cambridge Review of International Affairs en 25 1 71–72 10.1080/09557571.2011.646241 154422221 0955-7571 The accord was considered a victory for the Lebanese opposition as they secured their key demands for veto-wielding power in the new government and a new electoral law which could benefit the opposition in the upcoming 2009 parliamentary elections. In addition, the question of Hezbollah's weapons was postponed, to be dealt with in a future national dialogue. Nonetheless, the opposition had to give concessions regarding the reappointment of Fouad Siniora as Prime Minister, the distribution of ministerial portfolios and the distribution of parliamentary seats in certain electoral districts. Despite Hezbollah's tactical victory on the streets of Lebanon and the securing of it demands in the accord, analysts have pointed out that the events greatly reduced its legitimacy as a popular resistance movement and that it was seen more than ever as a "Shiite militia brutally defending its parochial interests."Knudsen Are Lebanon : after the Cedar Revolution Kerr Michael C. Hurst & Co. 2012 978-0-19-934296-9 Knudsen & Kerr London 7–8 855977558 In addition, it increased the distrust and fear of it among other political parties and heightened domestic opposition to its armed status as a result of the use of its weapons against other Lebanese actors, despite its earlier pledge not to do so.Saab Bilal 2008 Rethinking Hezbollah's Disarmament Middle East Policy en 15 3 94 10.1111/j.1475-4967.2008.00361.x Reactions to the fighting thumb|left|United States Assistant Secretary of State Sean McCormack discussing the unrest in Lebanon Domestic reactions Many March 14 leaders decried the events as a coup, pointed towards the Hezbollah's intricate relationship to the Iranian government and assigned a role played in the events to the latter. Hani Hammoud, a senior adviser to Saad Hariri referred to the events as a "one-sided civil war" with the result that "Iran has taken over the country"Blanford Nicholas 2008-05-09 Uncertainty deepens in Lebanon as Hezbollah seizes control of west Beirut Christian Science Monitor https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2008/0509/p25s23-wome.html 2020-05-18 0882-7729 Christian leaders Samir Geagea and Amine Gemayel also accused Hezbollah of staging a coup, with the former calling on moderate forces in the Arab world to intervene and asked the international community not to stand idly by.Fighting spreads in Lebanon https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2008/05/20086150360859761.html www.aljazeera.com 2020-05-05In show of might, Hezbollah takes control of West Beirut https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-may-10-fg-lebanon10-story.html 2008-05-10 Los Angeles Times en-US 2020-05-05 A leaked US diplomatic cable also showed how on May 11, Gemayel, together with Social Affairs Minister Nayla Mouawad and Telecommunications Minister Marwan Hamadeh urged the US to provide more support to the March 14 coalition. Believing that a Hezbollah victory could be imminent, they proposed several ideas, including extending UN Security Council Resolution 1701 to Beirut's airport, sea port and access roads, an imposement of an air ban against Syria by the US and immediate US military aid to their own militias. PSP leader Walid Jumblatt stated that he still stood behind his support for the government's decisions that week, however he acknowledged that he had underestimated the response from Hezbollah. Regarding Hezbollah's next moves he told reporters to "ask [Iranian President] [Mahmoud] Ahmadinejad", stating that "this situation goes beyond Lebanese borders." Furthermore, he linked the events to regional geopolitics stating that "the Iranians chose the moment America is weak in the Middle East. The balance of power has completely changed in Lebanon and now we wait to see what new rules Hezbollah, Syria and Iran will lay down."Macleod Hugh Stratton Rami Aysha Allegra agencies 2008-05-12 Lebanese troops fail to stop violence between Hizbullah and pro-government forces en-GB The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/may/12/lebanon1 2020-05-05 0261-3077 Michel Aoun, leader of the Free Patriotic Movement and a Hezbollah ally whose supporters did not participate in the fighting, spoke in more neutral terms, calling for the return for normality on the streets. International reactions The White House condemned Hezbollah's actions with a spokesman denouncing the organization as a "destabilizing force" which had turned "its arms against the Lebanese people and challenged Lebanon's security forces for control of the streets."Hezbollah ends west Beirut takeover https://www.france24.com/en/20080510-hezbollah-ends-west-beirut-takeover-lebanon-beirut-clashes 2008-05-10 France 24 en 2020-05-05 In addition, US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice pronounced the continuing support by the US for the Lebanese government. Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal accused Iran of "backing what happened in Lebanon, a coup" and called for "all regional parties to respect the independence and sovereignty of Lebanon and to stop meddling in its affairs and inciting sectarian tensions". He further accused Hezbollah of taking "violent, offensive measures, which aim at an annihilation of people."Shihri Abdullah 2008-05-13 Saudi Arabia criticizes Iran's Hezbollah support Boston Globe https://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2008/05/13/saudi_arabia_criticizes_irans_hezbollah_support/ https://web.archive.org/web/20080528024234/http://members.boston.com/reg/login.do dead May 28, 2008 2008-05-30 A leaked diplomatic cable shows, however, that Prince Saud al-Faisal had proposed to the US Ambassador in Saudi Arabia the creation of an "Arab force" to be supported by the US and NATO which was to restore order in Beirut in response to "Hezbollah's military challenge to the Government of Lebanon."2010-12-07 US embassy cables: Saudi prince urges need for 'security response' to Hezbollah threat in Lebanon en-GB The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/153797 2020-05-10 0261-3077MacAskill Ewen 2010-12-07 WikiLeaks cables: Saudis proposed Arab force to invade Lebanon en-GB The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/07/wikileaks-saudi-arab-invasion-lebanon 2020-05-10 0261-3077 Furthermore, he feared that a Hezbollah victory would lead to the fall of the Siniora cabinet and the "Iranian takeover of Lebanon." Iran's Foreign Ministry Spokesman Mohammad-Ali Hosseini has called on national unity among the Lebanese adding that the situation can be "managed through talks and consensus-building." Hosseini blamed the U.S. and Israel for the ongoing hostilities in Lebanon.August 2021 Casualties The exact total number of casualties as resulting from the fighting in May remains uncertain, but figures range from approximately 70 to 110 deaths. A UN report published in June 2008 reports 69 fatalities, among which civilians, and more than 180 wounded.REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1701 (2006) https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N08/399/80/pdf/N0839980.pdf?OpenElement 2006 documents.un.org 7 May 2020 A Human Rights Watch Report from 2009 states a minimum of 71 deaths.World Report 2009 https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/world_report_download/wr2009_web_1.pdf 2009 Human Rights Watch 486 19 May 2020April 2023 InternetArchiveBot yes In an article from September 2008 entailing a series of interviews on the events, Beatriz Martínez and Francesco Volpicella note that the official number of casualties up to 15 May is 80 deaths and more than 200 wounded.Walking the tight wire: Conversations on the May 2008 Lebanese crisis https://www.tni.org/files/Walking%20the%20tight%20wire_0.pdf Martínez Beatriz Volpicella Francesco 2008 tni.org 15 May 2020 See also 2006–2008 Lebanese political protests Lebanon bombings and assassinations (2004-present)#2008 List of extrajudicial killings and political violence in Lebanon References 30em Further reading http://www.tni.org/article/walking-tight-wire Walking the tight wire - Conversations on the May 2008 Lebanese crisis Martínez Beatriz Francesco Volpicella September 2008 Transnational Institute 2009-01-19 External links Lebanon: Chronicles of an attempted suicide Deal for Lebanese Factions Leaves Hezbollah Stronger Doha Compromise is 'No Cave In to Hezbollah' Lebanon civil war civil war Category:Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia Category:Civil wars of the 21st century Category:Wars involving Lebanon Category:Wars involving Hezbollah Category:Syrian Social Nationalist Party Category:March 8 Alliance Category:March 14 Alliance Category:Military history of Beirut Category:Military operations involving airports