1950s in jazz

none thumb|right|Fats Pichon on an LP cover in the 1950s thumb|right|Dixieland Records 78 By the end of the 1940s, the nervous energy and tension of bebop was replaced with a tendency towards calm and smoothness, with the sounds of cool jazz, which favoured long, linear melodic lines. It emerged in New York City, as a result of the mixture of the styles of predominantly white swing jazz musicians and predominantly black bebop musicians, and it dominated jazz in the first half of the 1950s. The starting point were a series of singles on Capitol Records in 1949 and 1950 of a nonet led by trumpeter Miles Davis, collected and released first on a ten-inch and later on a twelve-inch as the Birth of the Cool. Cool jazz recordings by Chet Baker, Dave Brubeck, Bill Evans, Gil Evans, Stan Getz and the Modern Jazz Quartet usually have a "lighter" sound which avoided the aggressive tempos and harmonic abstraction of bebop. Cool jazz later became strongly identified with the West Coast jazz scene, but also had a particular resonance in Europe, especially Scandinavia, with emergence of such major figures as baritone saxophonist Lars Gullin and pianist Bengt Hallberg. The theoretical underpinnings of cool jazz were set out by the blind Chicago pianist Lennie Tristano, and its influence stretches into such later developments as Bossa nova, modal jazz, and even free jazz. See also the list of cool jazz and West Coast musicians for further detail. Hard bop, an extension of bebop (or "bop") music that incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing, developed in the mid-1950s, partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s. The hard bop style coalesced in 1953 and 1954, paralleling the rise of rhythm and blues. Miles Davis' performance of "Walkin'" the title track of his album of the same year, at the first Newport Jazz Festival in 1954, announced the style to the jazz world. The quintet Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers, fronted by Blakey and featuring pianist Horace Silver and trumpeter Clifford Brown, were leaders in the hard bop movement along with Davis. (See also List of Hard bop musicians) Modal jazz recordings, such as Miles Davis's Kind of Blue, became popular in the late 1950s. Popular modal standards include Davis's "All Blues" and "So What" (both 1959), John Coltrane's "Impressions" (1963) and Herbie Hancock's "Maiden Voyage" (1965). Later, Davis's "second great quintet", which included saxophonist Wayne Shorter and pianist Herbie Hancock, recorded a series of highly acclaimed albums in the mid-to-late 1960s. Standards from these sessions include Shorter's "Footprints" (1966) and Eddie Harris's "Freedom Jazz Dance" (1966). In Brazil, a new style of music called bossa nova evolved in the late 1950s. The free jazz movement, coming to prominence in the late 1950s, spawned very few standards. Free jazz's unorthodox structures and performance techniques are not as amenable to transcription as other jazz styles. However, "Lonely Woman" (1959) a blues by saxophonist Ornette Coleman, is perhaps the closest thing to a standard in free jazz, having been recorded by dozens of notable performers. https://web.archive.org/web/20101003032225/http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg 2010-10-03 2 y 1950s jazz standards 1950–1954 thumb|250px|right|Sonny Rollins played in Thelonious Monk's and Miles Davis's bands in the 1950s before starting a successful solo career. With Davis, he composed the standards "Airegin", "Doxy" and "Oleo". 1950 – "If I Were a Bell".If I Were a Bell at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 29, 2009The Real Book, Volume II, p. 194 Written by Frank Loesser. 1951 – "Au Privave".Au Privave at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 29, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 37 – Bebop composition by Charlie Parker. 1951 – "Night Train"Night Train at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 304 Composed by Jimmy Forrest, Lewis P. Simpkins and Oscar Washington. 1951 – "Straight, No Chaser".Straight No Chaser at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 24, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 386 Composed by Thelonious Monk 1952 – "Lullaby of Birdland".Lullaby of Birdland at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 29, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 256 Composed by George Shearing with lyrics by George David Weiss. 1952 – "My One and Only Love"My One and Only Love at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 288 Composed by Guy Wood with lyrics by Robert Mellin. 1952 – "That's All".That's All at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The New Real Book, Volume II, p. 363 Written by Bob Haymes and Alan Brandt. 1952 – "When I Fall in Love".When I Fall in Love at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 29, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 439 Composed by Victor Young with lyrics by Edward Heyman. 1953 – "Here's That Rainy Day".Here's That Rainy Day at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 175 Composed by Jimmy Van Heusen with lyrics by Johnny Burke. 1953 – "Jordu".Jordu at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 227The New Real Book, Volume II, p. 175 Composed by Duke Jordan. 1953 – "Satin Doll".Satin Doll at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 349 Composed by Duke Ellington and Billy Strayhorn with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. 1954 – "Airegin".Listed in New Real Book, Volume IListed in The Real Jazz BookAiregin at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 13 Composed by Sonny Rollins. 1954 – "All of You".All of You at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on May 7, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 21 Written by Cole Porter. 1954 – "Blue Monk".Blue Monk at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 52 Composed by Thelonious Monk. 1954 – "Django".Django at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on September 7, 2018The Real Book, Volume I, p. 120 Composed by John Lewis. 1954 – "Doxy".Doxy at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume II, p. 111 Composed by Sonny Rollins. 1954 – "Fly Me to the Moon" (a.k.a. "In Other Words").Fly Me to the Moon (in Other Words) at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume II, p. 135The New Real Book, Volume II, p. 106 Written by Bart Howard. 1954 – "Joy Spring".Joy Spring at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 29, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 229 Composed by Clifford Brown with lyrics by Jon Hendricks. 1954 – "Misty".Misty at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 277 Composed by Erroll Garner with lyrics by Johnny Burke. 1954 – "Oleo".Oleo at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 309 Composed by Sonny Rollins. 1954 – "Solar".Solar at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 363 Composed by Miles Davis. 1955–1959 1956 – "Blues for Alice".The Real Book, Volume I, p. 55The New Real Book, Volume II, p. 26 Composed by Charlie Parker. 1956 – "Canadian Sunset".Canadian Sunset at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009 Composed by Eddie Heywood with lyrics by Norman Gimbel. 1956 – "Con Alma".Con Alma at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 84 Composed by Dizzy Gillespie. 1956 – "Nica's Dream".Nica's Dream at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 29, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 299The New Real Book, Volume II, p. 255 Composed by Horace Silver. 1956 – "Waltz for Debby".Waltz for Debby at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 29, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 432 Composed by Bill Evans with lyrics by Gene Lees. 1957 – "I Remember Clifford".I Remember Clifford at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 192 Composed by Benny Golson with lyrics by Jon Hendricks. 1958 – "Bags' Groove".Bag's Groove at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume II, p. 30 Composed by Milt Jackson. 1958 – "Blue Train".The Real Book, Volume I, p. 54 – Jazz blues composition by John Coltrane from his album Blue Train. 1958 – "Chega de Saudade" (a.k.a. "No More Blues").Listed in The Real Vocal BookThe Real Book, Volume I, p. 74 Composed by Antonio Carlos Jobim with lyrics by Vinicius de Moraes (Portuguese) and Jon Hendricks and Jessie Cavanaugh (English). 1958 – "Milestones".Milestones at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume III, p. 277 Composed by Miles Davis. 1959 – "Afro Blue".Afro Blue at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 11 Composed by Mongo Santamaría. 1959 – "All Blues".All Blues at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 18 Composed by Miles Davis. 1959 – "The Best Is Yet to Come".The Best Is Yet to Come at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009 Composed by Cy Coleman with lyrics by Carolyn Leigh. 1959 – "Blue in Green".Blue in Green at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 29, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 51 – Modal jazz composition from Miles Davis's album Kind of Blue. Credited solely to Davis on Kind of Blue and to Davis and Bill Evans on Evans's Portrait in Jazz, the song's authorship is disputed; Evans and Earl Zindars claim that Evans alone composed the tune.See page 20 of the Fall 1993 issue of Letter from Evans (http://www2.selu.edu/orgs/34skid/html/23.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20110717165350/http://www2.selu.edu/orgs/34skid/html/23.pdf 2011-07-17 ) where Earl Zindars says "I know that it is [100-percent Bill's] because he wrote it over at my pad where I was staying in East Harlem, 5th floor walkup, and he stayed until 3 o'clock in the morning playing these six bars over and over."https://www.npr.org/2010/10/08/92185496/bill-evans-on-piano-jazz 35m30s – On being asked about the issue by the interviewer (Marian McPartland), Evans said "The truth is I did [write the music]... I don't want to make a federal case out of it, the music exists, and Miles is getting the royalties" 1959 – "Desafinado" (a.k.a. "Slightly Out of Tune", also "Off Key").Desafinado at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 108 Composed by Antonio Carlos Jobim with lyrics by Newton Mendonça (Portuguese), and Jon Hendricks and Jessie Cavanaugh (English). 1959 – "Freddie Freeloader".The Real Book, Volume I, p. 151 Composed by Miles Davis. 1959 – "Giant Steps".Giant Steps at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 157The New Real Book, Volume II, p. 121 Composed by John Coltrane. 1959 – "Goodbye Pork Pie Hat".Goodbye Pork Pie Hat at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 24, 2009 Composed by Charles Mingus. 1959 – "Goodbye Tristesse" (a.k.a. "A Felicidade").A Felicidade at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009 Composed by Antonio Carlos Jobim with lyrics by Vinicius de Moraes (Portuguese) and Hal Shaper (English). 1959 – "Killer Joe".Killer Joe at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 29, 2009The Real Book, Volume II, p. 229The New Real Book, Volume II, p. 179 Composed by Benny Golson. 1959 – "Manhã de Carnaval" (a.k.a. "A Day in the Life of a Fool", also "Black Orpheus").The Real Book, Volume I, p. 49 Written by Luiz Bonfá and Antônio Maria with English lyrics by Carl Sigman. 1959 – "Mr. P.C.".The Real Book, Volume I, p. 276 Composed by John Coltrane. 1959 – "My Favorite Things".My Favorite Things at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 285 Composed by Richard Rodgers with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. 1959 – "Naima" (a.k.a. "Niema").Naima at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 293The New Real Book, Volume II, p. 238 Composed by John Coltrane. 1959 – "Nostalgia in Times Square".The Real Book, Volume I, p. 306 Written by Charles Mingus. 1959 – "Sidewinder".Sidewinder at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on April 29, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 355 Composed by Lee Morgan. 1959 – "So What".So What at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 364 Composed by Miles Davis. 1959 – "Take Five".Take Five at jazzstandards.com – retrieved on February 20, 2009The Real Book, Volume I, p. 397 Composed by Paul Desmond. 1950 1950 in jazz Album releases Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool Stan Kenton: Presents Ralph Sutton: Ralph Sutton Lennie Tristano: Wow Stan Getz: Quartets Deaths Fats Navarro (September 24, 1923 – July 7) 1951 1951 in jazz Album releases Stan Kenton: City of Glass Oscar Peterson: 1951 Shorty Rogers: Modern Sounds 1952 1952 in jazz Album releases Gerry Mulligan: Mulligan Quartet Johnny Smith: Moonlight in Vermont Deaths Midge Williams (May 27, 1915 – January 9) John Kirby (December 31, 1908 – June 14) Fletcher Henderson (December 18, 1897 – December 28) 1953 1953 in jazz Album releases Duke Ellington: Piano Reflections Ben Webster: King of the Tenors Shorty Rogers: Cool and Crazy Jay Jay Johnson: Four Trombones Deaths Django Reinhardt (January 23, 1910 – May 16) 1954 1954 in jazz Album releases Frank Sinatra: Songs for Young Lovers Sarah Vaughan: Sarah Vaughan Chet Baker: Sextet Tal Farlow: The Tal Farlow Quartet Tal Farlow: The Tal Farlow Album John Serry Sr.: RCA Thesaurus featuring John Serry & his ensemble The Bel-cordions Births Donald Brown (March 28), pianist Al Di Meola (July 22), guitarist. 1955 1955 in jazz Album releases Herbie Nichols: The Third World Ahmad Jamal: Poinciana Erroll Garner: Concert by the Sea George Shearing: Spell Horace Silver: Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers Lennie Tristano: Lennie Tristano Oscar Peterson: Al Zardis Frank Morgan: Frank Morgan Herbie Nichols: Herbie Nichols Trio Deaths Charlie Parker (August 29, 1920 – March 12), saxophonist James P. Johnson (February 1, 1894 – November 17), stride pianist Wardell Gray (February 13, 1921 – May 25), saxophonist 1956 1956 in jazz Album releases 30em Charles Mingus: Pithecanthropus Erectus Modern Jazz Quartet: Django Modern Jazz Quartet: Fontessa Thelonious Monk: Brilliant Corners Sonny Rollins: Saxophone Colossus George Russell:The Jazz Workshop Lennie Tristano: Manhattan Studio/ New York Improvisations Max Roach: Max Roach + 4 John Lewis: Grand Encounter Horace Silver: Six Pieces of Silver Kenny Burrell: All Night Long Lucky Thompson: Tricotism Phineas Newborn: Piano Artistry Miles Davis: Round About Midnight Zoot Sims: Tonite's Music Today Mel Torme: Touch Quincy Jones: This Is How I Feel About Jazz Stan Kenton: Cuban Fire Jimmy Giuffre: The Jimmy Giuffre Clarinet Jimmy Smith: A New Star A New Sound Cecil Taylor: Jazz Advance John Serry Sr.: Squeeze Play featuring The Bel-cordions Deaths Clifford Brown (October 30, 1930 – June 26) Richie Powell (September 5, 1931 – June 26) Art Tatum (October 13, 1909 – November 5) Tommy Dorsey (November 19, 1905 – November 26) Births Wayne Krantz (July 26) Wolfgang Puschnig (May 21) 1957 1957 in jazz Album releases Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool Charles Mingus: Tijuana Moods Art Blakey: Orgy In Rhythm Yusef Lateef: Jazz Mood John Coltrane: Blue Train John Lewis: Piano Milt Jackson: Soul Brothers Miles Davis: Miles Ahead Kenny Burrell: All Day Long Ben Webster: Soulville Sonny Rollins: Way Out West Ben Webster: Tenor Giants Art Pepper: Meets the Rhythm Section Art Taylor: Wailers Max Roach: Jazz in 3/4 time Jay Jay Johnson: Blue Trombone Hank Mobley: Hank Mobley Quintet Herbie Mann: Flute Souffle Tito Puente: Top Percussion Deaths Sonny Parker (May 5, 1925 – February 7), singer-dancer-drummer Joe Shulman (September 12, 1923 – August 2), bass Walter Page (February 9, 1900 – December 20), bass Jimmy Dorsey (February 25, 1904 – June 12), saxophone Births George Letellier (October 11), American pianist and composer 1958 1958 in jazz thumb|right|Jazz pianist Billy Strayhorn in 1958 Album releases Miles Davis: Milestones Sonny Rollins: Freedom Suite Dizzy Gillespie, Sonny Stitt, Sonny Rollins: Sonny Side Up Jimmy Giuffre: Western Suite Sun Ra: Jazz in Silhouette Art Blakey: Moanin' Cecil Taylor: Looking Ahead! Jimmy Smith: The Sermon! Blue Mitchell: Big Six Max Roach: Deeds, Not Words Clark Terry: In Orbit Cannonball Adderley: Somethin' Else Chico Hamilton: Gongs East Hank Mobley: Peckin' Time Mongo Santamaria: Yambu Cal Tjader: Latin Concert Toots Thielemans: Man Bites Harmonica! Thelonious Monk: Misterioso Jimmy Giuffre: The Four Brothers Sound John Serry Sr. Chicago Musette - John Serry et son Accordéon Notice bibliographique CHICAGO MUSETTE / John SERRY et son accordéon | BnF Catalogue général – Bibliothèque nationale de FrancefrChicago Musette – John Serry on vintagemuisic.fm September 2026 InternetArchiveBot Chicago Musette – John Serry et son accordéon – John Serry Sr. performing on accordion on youtube.com Billie Holiday: Lady in Satin Deaths Tiny Bradshaw (September 23, 1905 – November 26) Births Ulf Wakenius (April 16), Swedish guitarist 1959 1959 in jazz Events August 25: Between sets at Birdland in New York City, Miles Davis is beaten by police and jailed.How 1959 Changed the City and the World Kaplan Fred New York Magazine 2009-05-31 http://nymag.com/news/features/57058/index4.html 2010-01-02 Album releases Dave Brubeck – Time Out (Columbia) Ornette Coleman – The Shape of Jazz to Come (Atlantic) John Coltrane – Giant Steps (Atlantic) Miles Davis – Kind of Blue (Columbia) Johnny Hodges and Duke Ellington – Back to Back: Duke Ellington and Johnny Hodges Play the Blues (Verve) Milt Jackson and John Coltrane – Bags & Trane (Atlantic) Charles Mingus – Mingus Ah Um (Columbia) Art Pepper – Art Pepper + Eleven – Modern Jazz Classics (Contemporary/OJC) Ella Fitzgerald – Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Songbook (Verve) Deaths Lester Young (August 27, 1909 – March 15) Sidney Bechet (May 14, 1897 – May 14) Boris Vian (March 10, 1920 – June 23) Billie Holiday (April 7, 1915 – July 17) Births Stanley Jordan (July 31), guitarist Marcus Miller (June 14), bassist and composer Torsten Zwingenberger (Januar12), German drummer Awards Grammy Awards of 1959 Best Jazz Performance Solo or Small Group Best Jazz Performance Large Group Best Jazz Composition of More Than Five Minutes Duration Jazz References 30em Bibliography The New Real Book, Volume I 1988 Sher Music 0-9614701-4-3 refTheNewRealBookVol1 The New Real Book, Volume II 1991 Sher Music 0-9614701-7-8 refTheNewRealBookVol2 The New Real Book, Volume III 1995 Sher Music 1-883217-30-X refTheNewRealBookVol3 The Real Book, Volume I 6th 2004 Hal Leonard 0-634-06038-4 refTheRealBookVol1 The Real Book, Volume II 2nd 2007 Hal Leonard 978-1-4234-2452-9 refTheRealBookVol2 The Real Book, Volume III 2nd 2006 Hal Leonard 0-634-06136-4 refTheRealBookVol3 The Real Jazz Book Warner Bros 978-91-85041-36-7 refTheRealJazzBook The Real Vocal Book, Volume I 2006 Hal Leonard 0-634-06080-5 refTheRealVocalBookVol1 Category:1950s in music Category:20th century in jazz Category:Jazz by decade