12th edition of Systema Naturae

Book by Carl Linnaeus thumb|Carl Linnaeus, the author of Systema Naturae The 12th edition of la Systema Naturae was the last edition of la Systema Naturae to be overseen by its author, Carl Linnaeus. It was published by Laurentius Salvius in Holmia (Stockholm) in three volumes, with parts appearing from 1766 to 1768.Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis 12 1768 Caroli a Linné Carolus Linnaeus Laurentius Salvius Stockholm https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN362053855 19 April 2020 It contains many species not covered in the previous edition, the 10th edition which was the starting point for zoological nomenclature. Starting point Only five editions of la Systema Naturae were written by Linnaeus himself, namely the first, second, sixth, tenth and twelfth. When a "starting point" for zoological nomenclature was first considered, in the Strickland Code of 1843, the 12th edition of la Systema Naturae was chosen, so that any names which Linnaeus had altered from previous editions would be recorded in their final state.Benoît Dayrat Celebrating 250 dynamic years of nomenclatural debates 186–239 Systema Naturae 250 – The Linnaean Ark Andrew Polaszek 2010 CRC Press 978-1-4200-9501-2 http://campillos.ucmerced.edu/~bdayrat/PDF%20of%20Papers/Dayrat%202010%20Systema%20Naturae%20250.pdf PDF 2011-07-27 https://web.archive.org/web/20110813025400/http://campillos.ucmerced.edu/~bdayrat/PDF%20of%20Papers/Dayrat%202010%20Systema%20Naturae%20250.pdf 2011-08-13 dead It was later replaced by the 10th edition as the starting point for most zoological nomenclature.T. S. Bellows & T. W. Fisher 1999 Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications of Biological Control Academic Press 978-0-12-257305-7 Taxonomy and biological control Gordon Gordh & John W. Beardsley 45–55 https://books.google.com/books?id=u2X-rfgU0ewC&pg=PA46 The starting point for most names in botanical nomenclature is the 1753 work la Species Plantarum.Clive Anthony Stace Clive Anthony Stace 1991 Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics 2nd Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-42785-2 The development of plant taxonomy 17–64 https://books.google.com/books?id=VfQnuwh3bw8C&pg=PA24 Format Linnaeus divided the 12th edition into three volumes, the first of which was published in two parts.Catalogue of the Books, Manuscripts, Maps and Drawings in the British Museum (Natural History) 3 L–O Systema Naturae Natural History Museum July 27, 2011 https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofbooks03brit#page/1128/mode/2up 1127–1128 Volume 1 covered la Regnum Animale – the animal kingdom – with the first 532 pages appearing as Part 1 in 1766, and pages 533–1327 appearing as Part 2 in 1767. Volume 2 covered la Regnum Vegetabile – the plant kingdom; it comprised 736 pages and appeared in 1767, with an additional 142-page la Mantissa Plantarum. Volume 3 covered la Regnum Lapideum – the mineral kingdom – and appendices to all three volumes; it comprised 236 pages and was published in 1768. Including appendices, front matter and back matter, the three volumes cover around 2,400 pages.Londa Schiebinger 1993 Why mammals are called mammals: gender politics in eighteenth-century natural history The American Historical Review 98 2 382 411 2166840 11623150 http://courses.csusm.edu/hist460ae/whymamallsarecalled%20mammals.pdf PDF 2011-07-27 https://web.archive.org/web/20111002172030/http://courses.csusm.edu/hist460ae/whymamallsarecalled%20mammals.pdf 2011-10-02 dead 10.2307/2166840 Novelties Many species were included in the 12th edition which had not been included in earlier editions. For example, Linnaeus had included 700 species of mollusc in the 10th edition, and added a further 100 species for the 12th edition.S. Peter Dance 1967 Report on the Linnaean shell collection Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 178 1 1–24, pls. 1–10 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1967.tb00959.x Similarly, the number of bird species in the 12th edition was twice the number in the 10th edition.Allen J.A. 1910 Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnæus Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 28 317–335 2246/678 Sponges were included in the 12th edition, in the class "Zoophyta", having been omitted from previous editions.P. Smit 1979 The zoological dissertations of Linnaeus Svenska Linnésällskapets Årsskrift Swedish Linnaeus Society 1978 118–136 http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/ref_files/1305760632.pdf PDF The 12th edition also included the hundred insect species published separately in la Centuria Insectorum,Robert Usinger 1964 The role of Linnaeus in the advancement of entomology Annual Review of Entomology 9 1–17 10.1146/annurev.en.09.010164.000245 and omitted a claim which Linnaeus had made in earlier editions, that new species do not form,Janice Moore & Randy Moore 2006 Evolution 101 Greenwood Publishing Group 978-0-313-33292-0 Appendix 3: A Timeline for Evolutionary Thought 167–188 https://books.google.com/books?id=NlF5crD5RiIC&pg=PA169 implicitly allowing speciation. Also, on the last page of the book, Linnaeus added a new genus he named "chaos" in order zoophyta, class vermes. Into that order were included some species, like chaos fungorum, chaos ustilagum, chaos protheus, chaos redivivum, chaos infusorium. In fact, chaos infusorium included every known protist of the 18th century (except volvox, that was divided into its own genus). References 32em Category:1766 in literature Category:1760s introductions Category:1766 beginnings Category:Book series introduced in the 1760s Category:1766 non-fiction books Category:1767 non-fiction books Category:1768 non-fiction books Category:Systema Naturae