1893 New Zealand general election

none April 2024 April 2022 1893 general election New Zealand parliamentary no 1890 New Zealand general election 1890 11th New Zealand Parliament 1896 New Zealand general election 1896 13th New Zealand Parliament All 74 seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives 38 seats were needed for a majority 28 November (general) & 20 December (Māori) 1893 members 75.3% 220x220px Richard Seddon 28 April 1893 New Zealand Liberal Party Westland 40 seats, 56.1% 51 11 175,814 57.8% 1.7% 220x220px William Rolleston 31 August 1891 Conservative (New Zealand) Halswell (lost seat) 25 seats, 28.9% 13 12 74,482 24.5% 4.5% 1893 New Zealand general election - Results.svg 400px Results of the election. Premier Subsequent Premier Richard Seddon Richard Seddon New Zealand Liberal Party New Zealand Liberal Party The 1893 New Zealand general election was held on 28 November and 20 December in the European and Māori electorates, respectively, to elect 74 MPs to the 12th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The election was won by the Liberal Party, and Richard Seddon became prime minister. 1893 was the year universal suffrage was granted to women over 21 (including Māori), plural registration was abolished, plural voting for Māori property-owners was abolished, and only those whose descent was exactly half Māori were allowed to choose whether to vote in European or Māori electorates. Women's suffrage was the most consequential change. 1892 electoral redistribution The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1890 for the 1890. The 1891 New Zealand census was the first to automatically trigger an electoral redistribution, which was undertaken in 1892. The population drift to the North Island resulted in the transfer of one electorate from the south to the north. Only three electorates remained with unaltered boundaries: Thames, Wairarapa, and Timaru.McRobie 1989 55–60 14 new electorates were established, and of those, eight electorates were established for the first time: Bay of Plenty, Otaki, Pareora, Patea, Riccarton, Waiapu, Waimea-Sounds, and Wellington Suburbs. The remaining six electorates had existed before, and they were re-established for the 12th Parliament: Caversham, Chalmers, Lyttelton, Rangitata, Waihemo, and Waipa.McRobie 1989 59f Women's suffrage thumb|left| Kate Sheppard National Memorial in Christchurch adjacent to Our City. The figures shown from left to right are Amey Daldy, Kate Sheppard, Ada Wells and Harriet Morison By far the most notable change for the 1893 election was that the Electoral Act, 1893, extended the franchise to all women (including Māori) aged 21 and over.McRobie 1989 59 Women's suffrage was granted after about two decades of campaigning by women such as Kate Sheppard and Mary Ann Müller and organisations such as the New Zealand branch of the Women's Christian Temperance Union led by Anne Ward.Malcolm Tessa K. 2s20 Sheppard, Katherine Wilson 2 December 2013 Of countries at present independent, New Zealand was the first to give women the vote in modern times.One giant leap for womankind The New Zealand Herald 13 November 2013 F24–F25 http://www.nzherald.co.nz/new-zealand-herald-150-years/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503278&objectid=11146362 21 February 2015 John Hall, a Conservative politician and former premier, received most of the credit for pushing the legislation through Parliament; he is the only male who has his name inscribed on the Kate Sheppard National Memorial. There were only 10 weeks between the passage of the legislation and the election, and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) set about to enrol as many women as possible. The bill had passed under the Liberal government which generally advocated social and political reform, but only due to a combination of personality issues and political accident. Seddon opposed it (unlike many other Liberals) because many women supported prohibition. He had expected to stop the bill in the upper house, but found that one more vote was needed. Thomas Kelly, a new Liberal Party councillor had left himself paired in favour of the measure, but Seddon obtained his consent by wire to change his vote. Seddon's manipulation so incensed two opposition councillors, William Reynolds and Edward Stevens that they changed sides and voted for the bill, which was passed by 20 votes to 18 so giving the vote to women.Women's Suffrage in New Zealand by Patricia Grimshaw, p 92. (1972, Auckland University Press) Both the Liberals and the Conservatives subsequently claimed credit for sponsoring the enfranchisement of women and both sought to acquire women's votes, although the Liberals benefitted more.Brooking 1988 104 The election The 1893 election was held on Tuesday, 28 November in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 20 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 74 MPs to the 12th Parliament.The General Election, 1893 https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1894-I.2.3.2.21 National Library 25 February 2012 1–4 1894The general Election https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=ODT18931223.2.49 Otago Daily Times 2 23 December 1893 23 August 2011 A total number of 302,997 (75.3%) voters turned out to vote.General elections 1853-2005 - dates & turnout http://www.elections.org.nz/events/past-events/general-elections-1853-2014-dates-and-turnout Elections New Zealand 12 September 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20141114115332/http://www.elections.org.nz/events/past-events/general-elections-1853-2014-dates-and-turnout 14 November 2014 dead 65% of all eligible New Zealand women voted in the 1893 election. In 3 seats there was only one candidate.Wilson 1985 286 31 and 39 electorates were in the North Island and South Island, respectively, plus the 4 Māori electorates.Wilson 1985 173 Results thumb|250px|An 1893 cartoon depicting William Rolleston urging women to vote for the Conservative Party to whom they "owe the franchise". Party totals The following table gives party strengths and vote distribution according to Wilson (1985), who records Maori representatives as Independents prior to the 1905.Wilson 1985 287–289 center Election results PartyCandidatesTotal votesPercentageSeats wonChange New Zealand Liberal Party103175,81457.80%51+11 Conservative (New Zealand)5574,48224.49%13-12 Independent politician4953,88017.71%10+1Total207302,99774 Votes summary Popular Vote #ddd 650px 410px Liberal and Liberal-Labour New Zealand Liberal Party 57.80 Conservative Conservative (New Zealand) 24.49 Independents Independent politician 17.71 Parliament seats #ddd 650px 410px Liberal New Zealand Liberal Party 68.91 Conservative Conservative (New Zealand) 17.58 Independents Independent politician 13.51 Electorate results The following is a table of electorate results by electorate. Key New Zealand Liberal Party Conservative (New Zealand) Liberal–Labour (New Zealand) Independent Liberal Independent politician Electorate results for the 1893 New Zealand general electionThe General Election, 1893 1894 National Library https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1894-I.2.3.2.21 19 November 2013 1–4The General Election 28 November 1893 Otago Daily Times https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=ODT18931128.2.55 28 November 2013 6General Election 1 December 1893 Pelorus Guardian and Miners' Advocate https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/PGAMA18931201.2.8 4 91 13 September 2016 2 |- |colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates |- Ashburton Edward George Wright Conservative (New Zealand) John McLachlan New Zealand Liberal Party 26 Cathcart Wason Conservative (New Zealand) Ashley Richard Meredith New Zealand Liberal Party 590 David Duncan Macfarlane Conservative (New Zealand) |- | rowspan=3 | Auckland, City of | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | style="text-align:center;" | John Shera | style="background-color:Independent politician;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | George Grey | style="text-align:right;" | 2,233 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Conservative (New Zealand);" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Thomas Tudehopenb Majority is difference in votes to fourth candidateElectorate City of Auckland https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS18931117.2.12.2 28 November 2013 Auckland Star 17 November 1893 XXIV 273 3 |- | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Thomas Thompson | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Crowther | style="text-align:right;" | 438 |- | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Alfred Cadman | style="background-color:Conservative (New Zealand);" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Charles Button | style="text-align:right;" | 68 |- Avon Edwin Blake New Zealand Liberal Party William Tanner Liberal–Labour (New Zealand) 653 George McIntyre Independent politician Awarua Joseph Ward New Zealand Liberal Party Bay of Islands Robert Houston New Zealand Liberal Party 231 James TrounsenPage 4 Advertisements Column 3 https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NA18931125.2.31.3 19 November 2013 The Northern Advocate 25 November 1893 4 Conservative (New Zealand) Bay of Plenty William Kelly New Zealand Liberal Party 209 Henry BurtonPublic Notice 20 November 1893 Bay of Plenty Times https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=BOPT18931120.2.16.4 28 November 2013 5 Conservative (New Zealand) Bruce James Allen Conservative (New Zealand) Buller Eugene O'Conor Independent politician Roderick McKenzie New Zealand Liberal Party 213 Eugene O'Conor Independent politician Caversham Arthur Morrison Liberal–Labour (New Zealand) 136 William Barron Independent politician Chalmers John A. Millar Liberal–Labour (New Zealand) 119 Edmund Allen New Zealand Liberal Party |- | rowspan=3 | Christchurch, City of | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Pember Reeves | style="text-align:right;" | 1,848 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Liberal–Labour (New Zealand);" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Ebenezer Sandfordnb Majority is difference in votes to fourth candidate |- | style="background-color:Liberal–Labour (New Zealand);" | | style="text-align:center;" | Ebenezer Sandford | style="background-color:Independent politician;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | George Smith | style="text-align:right;" | 916 |- | style="background-color:Independent politician;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Richard Molesworth Taylor | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Whitehouse Collins | style="text-align:right;" | 281 |- Clutha Thomas Mackenzie Independent politician 832 James BurghPolitical News https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TT18931111.2.12 14 August 2016 Tuapeka Times XXV 4049 11 November 1893 3 New Zealand Liberal Party |- | rowspan=3 | Dunedin, City of | style="background-color:Liberal–Labour (New Zealand);" | |colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | David Pinkerton | style="text-align:right;" | 1,294 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Henry Fishnb Majority is difference in votes to fourth candidate |- | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Henry Fish | style="background-color:Liberal–Labour (New Zealand);" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Earnshaw | style="text-align:right;" | 589 |- | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Hutchison | style="text-align:right;" | 294 |- Eden Edwin Mitchelson Conservative (New Zealand) 1,161 Malcolm Niccol 124 Scholefield Guy Guy Scholefield A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography : A–L I 1940 Department of Internal Affairs Wellington https://nzhistory.govt.nz/sites/default/files/documents/dnzb-1940/scholefield-dnzb-v1.pdf 26 August 2016 New Zealand Liberal Party Egmont Felix McGuire Independent politician 135 Benjamin Robbins Conservative (New Zealand) Ellesmere John Hall Conservative (New Zealand) William Montgomery New Zealand Liberal Party 293 William Rolleston Conservative (New Zealand) Franklin Ebenezer Hamlin Conservative (New Zealand) Benjamin Harris New Zealand Liberal Party 89 William Massey Conservative (New Zealand) Grey Arthur Guinness New Zealand Liberal Party 1,723 Richard Nancarrow Independent politician Hawke's Bay William Russell Conservative (New Zealand) 70 Charles William ReardonHawke's Bay Electorate 2 December 1893 XXVIII 9544 Hawke's Bay Herald https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=HBH18931202.2.18.2 30 November 2013 3 New Zealand Liberal Party Inangahua Robert Stout New Zealand Liberal Party Patrick O'Regan New Zealand Liberal Party 204 William Goodwin Collings Independent politician Invercargill James Whyte Kelly Liberal–Labour (New Zealand) 1,242 Joseph Hatch Independent politician Kaiapoi Richard Moore Conservative (New Zealand) David Buddo New Zealand Liberal Party 87 Richard Moore Independent politician Lyttelton John Joyce New Zealand Liberal Party 1,041 Edwin Blake New Zealand Liberal Party Manukau Frank Buckland Conservative (New Zealand) Maurice O'Rorke New Zealand Liberal Party 252 Frank Buckland Conservative (New Zealand) Marsden Robert Thompsonnb Robert Thompson was an Independent in the previous Parliament New Zealand Liberal Party 1,010 James Harrison Independent politician Masterton Alexander Hogg New Zealand Liberal Party 1,228 Joseph Harkness Conservative (New Zealand) Mataura George Richardson Conservative (New Zealand) Robert McNab New Zealand Liberal Party 119 George Richardson Conservative (New Zealand) Napier George Swan Independent politician Samuel Carnell New Zealand Liberal Party 520 George Swan Independent politician Nelson Joseph Harkness Conservative (New Zealand) John Graham New Zealand Liberal Party 279 Richmond Hursthouse Conservative (New Zealand) New Plymouth Edward Smith New Zealand Liberal Party 491 Robert Trimble Conservative (New Zealand) Oamaru Tom Duncan New Zealand Liberal Party 416 PB Fraser Independent politician Otaki James Wilson Conservative (New Zealand) 195 Donald FraserThe Otaki Election https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MH18931116.2.20.2 23 August 2016 Manawatu Herald 16 November 1893 3 New Zealand Liberal Party Palmerston James Wilson Conservative (New Zealand) Frederick Pirani New Zealand Liberal Party 203 George Matthew SnelsonThe Palmerston Election https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/FS18931125.2.30.2 23 August 2016 Feilding Star XV 125 25 November 1893 3 Conservative (New Zealand) Pareora Frederick Flatman New Zealand Liberal Party 217 Arthur Rhodes Conservative (New Zealand) Parnell Frank Lawry New Zealand Liberal Party 334 William Shepherd Allen Independent politician Patea George Hutchison Conservative (New Zealand) 673 William Cowern New Zealand Liberal Party Rangitata William Maslin New Zealand Liberal Party 67 Edward George Wright Conservative (New Zealand) Rangitikei Robert Bruce Conservative (New Zealand) Jack Stevens New Zealand Liberal Party 176 Frank Lethbridge Conservative (New Zealand) Riccarton George Russell New Zealand Liberal Party 106 William Boag Conservative (New Zealand) Selwyn Alfred Saunders Independent politician 232 Thomas Hamilton Anson Conservative (New Zealand) Taieri Walter Carncross New Zealand Liberal Party 76 John Buckland Conservative (New Zealand) Thames James McGowan New Zealand Liberal Party 311 Edmund Taylor New Zealand Liberal Party Timaru William Hall-Jones Independent Liberal 407 Edward George Kerr New Zealand Liberal Party Tuapeka Hugh Valentine Independent politician Vincent Pyke New Zealand Liberal Party 340 Charles Rawlins Conservative (New Zealand) Waihemo John McKenzie New Zealand Liberal Party 324 Scobie Mackenzie Conservative (New Zealand) Waiapu James Carroll New Zealand Liberal Party 497 Cecil de Lautour Independent politician Waikato Edward Lake Independent politician Alfred Cadman New Zealand Liberal Party 75 Isaac Coates New Zealand Liberal Party Waikouaiti James Green Independent politician 510 George J. BruceWaikouaiti Electoral District https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ODT18931121.2.29.2 23 August 2016 Otago Daily Times 9901 21 November 1893 3 New Zealand Liberal Party Waimea-Sounds Charlie Mills New Zealand Liberal Party 333 H Everett Independent politician Waipa Frederic Lang Conservative (New Zealand) 989 Gerald PeacockThe General Elections https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=CHP18931128.2.30 29 November 2013 The Press 28 November 1893 L 8651 6 New Zealand Liberal Party Waipawa William Smith New Zealand Liberal Party Charles Hall New Zealand Liberal Party 378 George Hunter Conservative (New Zealand) Wairarapa Wally Buchanan Conservative (New Zealand) 690 George Augustus FairbrotherThe Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District 1897 http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc01Cycl-t1-body-d4-d79-d3.html#name-414818-mention The Cyclopedia of New Zealand Cyclopedia Company Limited 30 November 2013 Wellington Borough Of Carterton New Zealand Liberal Party Wairau Lindsay Buick Liberal–Labour (New Zealand) 322 William Sinclair New Zealand Liberal Party Waitaki John McKenzie New Zealand Liberal Party William Steward New Zealand Liberal Party 1,062 Thomas PatersonThe Oamaru Mail https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/OAM18931128.2.10 23 August 2016 XVIII 5804 28 November 1893 2 Conservative (New Zealand) Waitemata Jackson Palmer Independent Liberal Richard Monk Conservative (New Zealand) 239 Jackson Palmer Independent Liberal Wakatipu Thomas Fergus Conservative (New Zealand) William Fraser Conservative (New Zealand) 326 John O'Meara New Zealand Liberal Party Wallace James Mackintosh New Zealand Liberal Party 433 Henry Hirst Conservative (New Zealand) Wanganui Archibald Willis New Zealand Liberal Party 197 Gilbert Carson Conservative (New Zealand) |- | rowspan=3 | Wellington, City of | style="background-color:Conservative (New Zealand);" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John Duthie | style="text-align:right;" | | rowspan=3 style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Kennedy Macdonald |- | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | style="text-align:center;" | George Fisher | style="background-color:Conservative (New Zealand);" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Francis Bell | style="text-align:right;" | |- | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William McLean | style="background-color:New Zealand Liberal Party;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Sir Robert Stout | style="text-align:right;" | |- Wellington Suburbs Alfred Newman Conservative (New Zealand) 124 Thomas Wilford New Zealand Liberal Party Westland Richard Seddon New Zealand Liberal Party true |- |colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Māori electoratesnb The affiliation of many of the Māori candidates is unknown or uncertain |- Eastern Maori James Carroll New Zealand Liberal Party Wi Pere New Zealand Liberal Party 1,399 Hoani Paraone Tunuiarangi Northern Maori Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa Independent politician Hone Heke Ngapua New Zealand Liberal Party 507 Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa Southern Maori Tame Parata New Zealand Liberal Party 185 Teoti Pita Mutu Western Maori Hoani Taipua Conservative (New Zealand) Ropata Te Ao New Zealand Liberal Party 90 Pepene Eketone |} Table footnotes: nb Notes References Electoral Atlas of New Zealand McRobie Alan 1989 GP Books Wellington 0-477-01384-8 Wilson Jim Jim Wilson (librarian) New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 4th First published in 1913 1985 V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer Wellington 154283103 Milestones: Turning Points in New Zealand History Brooking Tom 1988 Mills Publications Lower Hutt 0-908722-30-3 External links Roll of Members of the House of Representatives, August 1896 (i.e. prior to the next general election)