2014 PN70

Trans-Neptunian object August 2021 yes 2014 PN 70 #C2E0FF 2014PN70 Hubble.gif 2014 PN 70, imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in May 2015 New Horizons KBO Search Hubble Space Telescope 6 August 2014(first observed only) 2014 PN 70 g12000JZg1PT3 TNOcubewanodistant 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5) 2 0.86 yr (313 days) 47.047 AU 42.033 AU 44.540 AU 0.05628 297 yr (108,405 d) 288.081° 0.0033157 ms / day 4.111° 136.354° 228.068° 30 – 55 km35–55 km39 km (estimate)44 km (est. at 0.07) 12.05 h 0.04–0.100.04–0.15 V–I 1.34 26.1 10.3 2014 PN 70, called PT3 in the press releases surrounding the New Horizons mission, is a trans-Neptunian object from the cold classical Kuiper belt located in the outermost region of the Solar System. It measures approximately 40 km mi off us 2 in diameter. The object was first observed by the New Horizons Search Team using the Hubble Space Telescope on 6 August 2014, and was a proposed flyby target for the New Horizons probe until 2015, when the alternative target 486958 Arrokoth was selected. Discovery and designations left|thumb|The orbits of New Horizons potential targets 1–3. 2014 PN 70 is in green. 2014 OS 393 (PT2) is in red. 486958 Arrokoth (PT1) is in blue. 2014 PN 70 was discovered by the New Horizons Search Team during an observation campaign intended to search for KBO flyby targets for the New Horizons probe. The observations started in June 2014, and more intensive ones continued in July and August. They were conducted with the help of the Hubble Space Telescope; the object's apparent magnitude of 26.4 is too faint to be observed by ground-based telescopes. 2014 PN 70 was first discovered in observations on August 6, 2014, and it was designated g12000JZ at the time, nicknamed g1 for short. Its existence as a potential target of the New Horizons probe was revealed by NASA in October 2014 and it was designated PT3; its official provisional designation, 2014 PN 70, was not assigned by the Minor Planet Center until March 2015 after better orbit information was available. Orbit and classification 2014 PN 70 is a trans-Neptunian object. More specifically, it is a non-resonant classical Kuiper belt object, also known as "cubewano". It orbits the Sun at a distance of 42.1–46.6 AU once every 295 years and 4 months (107,886 days; semi-major axis of 44.4 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. This makes it a typical member of the "cold population" among the cubewanos in the Kuiper belt. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken by the New Horizons KBO Search team with the Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory on Hawaii, six week prior to its official first observation by Hubble. Numbering and naming This minor planet has not been numbered by the Minor Planet Center and remains unnamed. Physical characteristics 2014 PN 70, has a diameter approximately 35 - 55 km on, based on an estimated albedo between 0.04 and 0.10 respectively. Astronomer Marc Buie gives a similar estimate of 30 - 55 km on, and the Johnston's archive calculated a diameter of 39 km. Based on generic magnitude-to-diameter conversion, the object measures 44 km, for an absolute magnitude of 10.3 and an assumed albedo of 0.07. Hubble observations of 2014 PN 70 show that it is very red in color. Exploration thumb|left|Trajectory of New Horizons and other nearby Kuiper belt objects left|thumb|2014 PN70, imaged in January 2019 by the New Horizons space probe from a distance of 93 million km Having completed its flyby of Pluto, the New Horizons space probe was to perform a flyby of at least one Kuiper belt object. Several potential targets were under consideration. 2014 PN 70 (PT3) was considered a second choice after 2014 MU 69 (PT1, later named 486958 Arrokoth), because more fuel was required to carry out a flyby. 2014 OS 393 (PT2) was already no longer under consideration as a potential target. On 28 August 2015, the New Horizons team announced the selection of 2014 MU 69 as the next flyby target. 2014 PN 70 is one of the objects that New Horizons observed from greater distances, as part of its extended Kuiper belt mission. The spacecraft passed 2014 PN 70 in March 2019, at a distance of approximately 0.1 AU e6km e6mi unit. This made 2014 PN 70 the third closest KBO observed by New Horizons, after Arrokoth and 2014 OS 393. New Horizons made its first observations of 2014 PN 70 on 5 January 2019, from a distance of 92.7 million km. New Horizons did not come close enough to resolve either 2014 PN 70 or 2014 OS 393, but the observations should be sufficient to determine the rotation periods and surface properties of these objects and to search for possible satellites. The distant KBO observations provide an important context for the data collected during the close flyby of Arrokoth. See also List of New Horizons topics References 2014-10-22 last obs. JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 PN70) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=3713013 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 9 February 2018 2014 PN70 Minor Planet Center http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2014+PN70 9 February 2018 Asteroid Size Estimator CNEOS NASA/JPL https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/ast_size_est.html 9 February 2018 List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects Johnston's Archive 30 December 2017 Johnston, Wm. Robert http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html 9 February 2018 Buie, Marc Marc W. Buie New Horizons HST KBO Search Results: Status Report http://www.stsci.edu/institute/stuc/oct-2014/New-Horizons.pdf https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150727213348/http://www.stsci.edu/institute/stuc/oct-2014/New-Horizons.pdf dead July 27, 2015 Space Telescope Science Institute October 15, 2014 23 J. R. Spencer M. W. Buie The Successful Search for a Post-Pluto KBO Flyby Target for New Horizons Using the Hubble Space Telescope http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2015/EPSC2015-417.pdf European Planetary Science Congress (EPSC) Abstract EPSC2015-417 Copernicus Office 2015 etal 2015EPSC...10..417S Zangari, Amanda Postcards from Pluto http://plutopostcards.tumblr.com/post/114890975293/picture-from-the-colorado-dmv-im-super-excited Tumblr March 28, 2015 http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2014/47/ NASA's Hubble Telescope Finds Potential Kuiper Belt Targets for New Horizons Pluto Mission HubbleSite 15 October 2014 Wall Mike Hubble Telescope Spots Post-Pluto Targets for New Horizons Probe Space.com October 15, 2014 October 15, 2014 http://www.space.com/27445-hubble-telescope-new-horizons-kuiper-belt.html https://web.archive.org/web/20141015233156/http://www.space.com/27445-hubble-telescope-new-horizons-kuiper-belt.html Lakdawalla Emily Emily Lakdawalla Finally! New Horizons has a second target Planetary Society blog Planetary Society October 15, 2014 October 15, 2014 http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2014/10151024-finally-new-horizons-has-a-kbo.html https://web.archive.org/web/20141015230432/http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2014/10151024-finally-new-horizons-has-a-kbo.html live Hubble to Proceed with Full Search for New Horizons Targets HubbleSite news release Space Telescope Science Institute July 1, 2014 http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2014/35/ Powell, Corey S. Alan Stern on Pluto's Wonders, New Horizons' Lost Twin, and That Whole "Dwarf Planet" Thing http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/outthere/2015/03/29/alan-stern-on-plutos-wonders/ Discover March 29, 2015 8 May 2015 16 November 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191116104116/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/outthere/2015/03/29/alan-stern-on-plutos-wonders/ dead Cofield Calla Beyond Pluto: 2nd Target Chosen for New Horizons Probe http://www.space.com/30415-new-horizons-pluto-mission-next-target.html Space.com 28 August 2015 Marc W. Buie Marc W. Buie Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 14PN70 SwRI (Space Science Department) http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/14PN70.html 2018-02-18 The color and binarity of (486958) 2014 MU 69 and other long-range New Horizons Kuiper Belt targets etal S. D. Benecchi D. Borncamp A. H. Parker M. W. Buie K. S. Noll R. P. Binzel Icarus 334 22–29 December 2019 10.1016/j.icarus.2019.01.025 1812.04752 119192900 etal Anne Verbiscer Simon Porter J. Kavelaars Paul Helfenstein Susan Benecchi Harold Weaver Putting (486958) Arrokoth in Context: New Horizons Observations of Other Small Cold Classical Kuiper Belt Objects https://baas.aas.org/pub/2021n7i307p01/release/1 53rd Annual DPS Meeting American Astronomical Society October 2021 53 7 307.01 2021DPS....5330701V S. A. Stern H. A. Weaver J. R. Spencer H. A. Elliott The New Horizons Kuiper Belt Extended Mission Space Science Reviews 214 4 2016 1806.08393 10.1007/s11214-018-0507-4 119506499 https://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/holdings/nh-a-lorri-3-kem1-v2.0/data/20190105_040900/ NH LORRI KEM1 Planetary Data System pdssbn.astro.umd.edu 18 October 2019 27 June 2020 http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/PI-Perspectives.php?page=piPerspective_04_14_2016 To Boldly Go On, In the Service of Exploration Alan Stern pluto.jhuapl.edu 14 April 2016 22 September 2018 External links OPAG: We Did It!, p.33, Presentation to the Outer Planets Assessment Group, Alan Stern expanded # Category:Minor planet object articles (unnumbered) # Category:Discoveries by the Hubble Space Telescope 20140806