1837

June 2019 1837 1837 thumb|250px|June 20: Queen Victoria accedes to the British throne. 1837 Events January–March January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes thousands of deaths in Ottoman Syria. January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States.A Brief History of Michigan https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/publications/manual/2001-2002/2001-mm-0003-0026-History.pdf February 4 – Seminoles attack Fort Foster in Florida. February 25 – In Philadelphia, the Institute for Colored Youth (ICY) is founded, as the first institution for the higher education of black people in the United States. February – Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist begins publication in serial form in London. March 1 – The Congregation of Holy Cross is formed in Le Mans, France, by the signing of the Fundamental Act of Union, which legally joins the Auxiliary Priests of Blessed Basil Moreau, CSC, and the Brothers of St. Joseph (founded by Jacques-François Dujarié) into one religious association. April–June April 12 – The conglomerate of Procter & Gamble has its origins, when British-born businessmen William Procter and James Gamble begin selling their first manufactured goods (soap and candles) in Cincinnati, Ohio.https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf Procter & Gamble history. September 22, 2015 January 17, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160117141113/http://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf dead April 24 – The great fire in Surat, a city of India, begins. Over a three-day period, the fire kills more than 500 people and destroys more than 9,000 houses. May 10 – The Panic of 1837 begins in New York City. May – W. F. Cooke and Charles Wheatstone patent an electrical telegraph system. June 5 – The city of Houston is incorporated by the Republic of Texas. June 11 – The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, Massachusetts, fueled by ethnic tensions between the Irish and the Yankees. June 20 – Queen Victoria, 18, accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom, on the death of her uncle King William IV without legitimate heirs (she will reign for more than 63 years).http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840 Icons, a portrait of England 1820–1840 2007-09-12 https://web.archive.org/web/20070922055840/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840 September 22, 2007 dead Under Salic law, the Kingdom of Hanover passes to William's brother, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, ending the personal union of Britain and Hanover which has persisted since 1714. July–September July 13 – Queen Victoria moves from Kensington Palace into Buckingham Palace, the first reigning British monarch to make this, rather than St James's Palace, as her London home.Penguin Pocket On This Day Penguin Reference Library 0-14-102715-0 2006 July – Charles W. King sets sail on the American merchant ship Morrison. In the Morrison incident, he is turned away from Japanese ports with cannon fire. August 16 – The Dutch colonial forces sack the fortress of Bonjol, Indonesia, ending the Padri War. September 19 – First Carlist War: Battle of Aranzueque – The liberal forces loyal to Queen Isabel II of Spain are victorious, ending the Carlist campaign known as the Expedición Real. September 26 – The destructive "Racer's hurricane" sweeps across the Caribbean, northeastern Mexico, the Republic of Texas and the Gulf Coast of the United States and lasts until October 9, after killing at least 105 people.National Hurricane Center The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996 January 20, 2016 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration January 20, 2017 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp2.shtml?text February 2, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005929/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp2.shtml?text live September 28 – Samuel Morse files a caveat for a patent for the telegraph.Morse Timeline https://web.archive.org/web/20140513083152/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/sfbmhtml/timeline01.html May 13, 2014 on memory.loc.gov (accessed on May 27, 2014) October–December October 13 – The French army under Sylvain Charles Valée captures the city of Constantine in French Algeria after a siege of three days. October 30 – The Tsarskoye Selo Railway, the first in the Russian Empire, opens between Saint Petersburg Tsarskoselsky station and Tsarskoye Selo (modern-day Pushkin), engineered by Franz Anton von Gerstner.Haywood, Richard Mowbray The beginnings of railway development in Russia in the reign of Nicholas I, 1835–1842 https://archive.org/details/beginningsofrail0000hayw registration 1969 Duke University Press Durham, N.C.Gamst Frederick 1990 Franz Anton Ritter von Gerstner, Student of America's Pioneering Railroads https://www.jstor.org/stable/43521426 Railroad History 163 13–27 43521426 2020-11-15 November 1, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201101215245/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43521426 live October 31 – In what will become the world's leading consumer goods brand, Procter & Gamble is founded in Ohio in the United States.https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf A Company History1837 - Today July 21, 2020 July 24, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200724101913/https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf dead November 6 Louis-Joseph Papineau begins the Lower Canada Rebellion in the Quebec city of Montreal.Brève histoire des patriotes Laporte Gilles 2015 978-2-89448-817-1 Québec (Québec) 909317079 November 7 – American abolitionist and newspaper editor Elijah Lovejoy is killed by a pro-slavery mob, at his warehouse in Alton, Illinois. November 8 – Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, later Mount Holyoke College, is founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts. November 17 – An earthquake in Valdivia, south-central Chile, causes tsunamis that led to significant destruction along Japan's coast.Cisternas M. Carvajal M. Wesson R. Ely L. L. Gorigoitia N. 2018 Exploring the Historical Earthquakes Preceding the Giant 1960 Chile Earthquake in a Time-Dependent Seismogenic Zone Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 107 6 2664–2675 10.1785/0120170103 https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=cotsfac August 28, 2020 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103191747/https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=cotsfac live subscription November 20 – The Prussian king has Clemens August Droste zu Vischering, archbishop of Cologne, arrested over differences concerning the treatment of mixed protestant-catholic marriages. The archbishop remains in custody for over a year. December 4 – Samuel Lount begins the Upper Canada Rebellion by marching with rebel followers to Toronto, one month after a similar rebellion against British rule had begun in Lower Canada.Kilbourn William William Kilbourn The Firebrand: William Lyon Mackenzie and the Rebellion in Upper Canada https://books.google.com/books?id=McMvWY0aJLsC September 3, 2020 2008 Dundurn Toronto 199-200 978-1-77-070324-7 December 17 – Fire breaks out in the Winter Palace, in Saint Petersburg, Russia killing 30 guards. December 23 – The Slave Compensation Act is signed into law by the government of the United Kingdom. This pays a substantial amount of money, constituting 40% of the Treasury’s tax receipts at the time, to former enslavers but nothing to those formerly enslaved.Context Legacies of British Slavery https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/project/context 2023-10-12 www.ucl.ac.uk October 19, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231019133414/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/project/context live December 29 – The Caroline Affair, on the Niagara River, becomes the basis for the Caroline test for anticipatory self-defence in international relations. Date unknown thumb|right|L’Atelier de l'artiste. An 1837 daguerreotype by Louis Daguerre. Louis Daguerre develops the daguerreotype. The 5th century B.C. Berlin Foundry Cup is acquired for the Antikensammlung Berlin in Germany. The Olney Friends School is founded in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States. The first electric locomotive built is a miniature battery locomotive constructed by chemist Robert Davidson of Aberdeen in Scotland, and powered by galvanic cells (batteries). Atlanta is fixed as the terminal of the Western and Atlantic Railroad; it is originally named Marthasville.History City of Atlanta, GA https://www.atlantaga.gov/visitors/history 2021-09-11 October 6, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211006062010/https://www.atlantaga.gov/visitors/history live Births January–March January 2 – Mily Balakirev, Russian composer (d. 1910) January 7 – Thomas Henry Ismay, English shipowner (White Star Line) (d. 1899) February 5 Dwight L. Moody, American evangelist (d. 1899) Edward Miner Gallaudet, American educator of the deaf (d. 1917) February 13 – Valentin Zubiaurre, Spanish composer (d. 1914) February 20 – Samuel Swett Green, American librarian, advocate (d. 1918) February 24 – Nakamuta Kuranosuke, Japanese admiral (d. 1916) March 1 – William Dean Howells, American writer, historian, editor, and politician (d. 1920) March 3 – Jacques Duchesne, French general (d. 1918) March 7 – Henry Draper, American physician and astronomer (d. 1882) March 18 – Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (d. 1908) March 22 – Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione (d. 1899) March 23 – Sir Charles Wyndham, English actor, theatrical manager (d. 1919) March 27 – Kate Fox, American medium (d. 1892) April–June thumb|110px|J. P. Morgan April 1 – Luis Francisco Benítez de Lugo y Benítez de Lugo (d. 1876) April 5 – Algernon Charles Swinburne, English poet (d. 1909) April 17 – J. P. Morgan, American financier, banker (d. 1913) April 21 – Fredrik Bajer, Danish politician, pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1922) April 27 – Queen Cheorin, Korean queen (d. 1878) April 29 – Georges Ernest Boulanger, French general, politician (d. 1891) May 5 Anna Maria Mozzoni, Italian feminist, founder of the Italian women's movement (d. 1920) Theodor Rosetti, 16th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1923) May 7 – Karl Mauch, German explorer (d. 1875) May 9 Adam Opel, German engineer, industrialist (d. 1895) Ben Hall, Australian bushranger (d. 1865) May 27 – Wild Bill Hickok, American gunfighter (d. 1876) May 28 George Ashlin, Irish architect (d. 1921) Tony Pastor, American impresario, theater owner (d. 1908) June 22 Paul Bachmann, German mathematician (d. 1920) Paul Morphy, American chess player (d. 1884) Touch the Clouds, Native American Miniconjou chief (d. 1905) June 28 – Petre P. Carp, 2-time prime minister of Romania (d. 1919) July–September thumb|right|110px|Anna Filosofova July 4 – Carolus-Duran, French painter (d. 1917) July 15 – Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1859) July 18 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1873) July 21 – Johanna Hedén, Swedish midwife, surgeon (d. 1912) August 1 – (bapt.) Mary Harris Jones ("Mother Jones"), Irish-American labor leader (d. 1930) August 5 – Anna Filosofova, Russian women's rights activist (d. 1912) August 11 – John Ward, English palaeontologist (d. 1906) August 24 – Théodore Dubois, French composer (d. 1924) September 2 – James H. Wilson, Union Army major general in the American Civil War (d. 1925) September 12 – Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse (d. 1892) September 14 – Nikolai Bugaev, Russian mathematician (d.1903) September 16 – King Pedro V of Portugal (d. 1861) September 18 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, Portuguese Archbishop of Goa (d. 1880) September 24 – Mark Hanna, United States Senator from Ohio (d. 1904) October–December thumb|right|110px|John Leary thumb|right|110px|Empress Elisabeth of Austria October 3 – Nicolás Avellaneda, Argentine president (d. 1885) October 4 – Auguste-Réal Angers, Canadian judge and politician, 6th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (d. 1919) October 5 – José Plácido Caamaño, 12th President of Ecuador (d. 1900) October 10 – Robert Gould Shaw, Union Army general in the American Civil War, social reformer (k. 1863) October 26 – Carl Koldewey, German explorer famous for the German North Polar Expedition (d. 1908) October 28 – Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shōgun, 15th and last of the Tokugawa shogunate (d. 1913)Shimamoto Mayako Ito Koji Sugita Yoneyuki Historical Dictionary of Japanese Foreign Policy 1 July 2015 Rowman & Littlefield 978-1-4422-5067-3 297–298 https://books.google.com/books?id=g8PyCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA298 en October 29, 2023 October 6, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231006153719/https://books.google.com/books?id=g8PyCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA298 live October 29 – Harriet Powers, African-American folk artist (d. 1910) November 1 – John Leary, American businessman, politician, and civic leader (d. 1905)Charles P. LeWarne John A. Garraty John A. Garraty Mark C. Carnes 1999 American National Biography Oxford University Press Oxford John Leary 333 13 0195206355 98020826 468280018 November 2 – Émile Bayard, French artist, illustrator (d. 1891) November 5 – Arnold Janssen, German-born Catholic priest, saint (d. 1909) November 20 – Lewis Waterman, American inventor, businessman (d.1901) November 23 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1923) December (unknown date) – Bella French Swisher, American writer (d. 1893) December 9 – Kabayama Sukenori, Japanese samurai, general, and statesman (d. 1922) December 11 – Webster Paulson, English civil engineer (d. 1887) December 15 – George B. Post, American architect (d. 1913) December 24 Empress Elisabeth of Austria, wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I (d. 1898) Cosima Wagner, wife of German composer Richard Wagner (d. 1930) December 26 Sir William Dawkins, British geologist (d. 1929) George Dewey, American admiral (d. 1917) Deaths January–June thumb|110px|right|Alexander Pushkin thumb|110px|right|Osgood Johnson January 8 – Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria, great-grandfather of Empress Elisabeth of Austria (b. 1752) January 20 – John Soane, British architect (b. 1753) January 23 – John Field, Irish composer (b. 1782) February 7 – Gustav IV Adolf, deposed King of Sweden (b. 1778) February 10 – Alexander Pushkin, Russian author, wound received in duel (b. 1799) February 13 – Mariano José de Larra, Spanish author, suicide (b. 1809) February 19 – Georg Büchner, German playwright, typhus (b. 1813) February 23 – Friedrich Ludwig Weidig, German Protestant theologian, pastor and radical, suicide (b. 1791) March 31 – John Constable, English painter (b. 1776) April 4 – Louis-Sébastien Lenormand, French chemist, physicist and inventor (b. 1757) April 28 – Joseph Souham, French general (b. 1760) May 5 – Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli, Italian composer (b. 1752) May 20 – Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1747) June 14 – Giacomo Leopardi, Italian writer (b. 1798) June 29 – Nathaniel Macon, American politician (b. 1757) June 20 – King William IV of the United Kingdom and Hannover (b. 1765) July–December July 18 – Vincenzo Borg, Maltese merchant, rebel leader (b. 1777) August 12 – Pierre Laromiguière, French philosopher (b. 1756) September 7 – Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken, Russian military leader (b. 1752) September 21 – Pieter Vreede, Dutch politician (b. 1750) September 28 – Akbar II, last Mughal emperor of India (b. 1760) October 1 – Robert Clark, American politician (b. 1777) October 10 – Charles Fourier, French philosopher (b. 1772)Charles Fourier French philosopher https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Fourier Encyclopedia Britannica 13 February 2021 en February 25, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210225170659/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Fourier live October 12 – Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont, French governor-general of French Algeria (killed during the siege of Constantine) (b. 1783) October 17 Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Austrian composer (b. 1778) Peter Lebeck, French trapper and namesake of Lebec, California (birth unknown) November 7 – Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (b. 1802) November 28 – Sophie Botta, the Dark Countess, German woman of mysterious identity Date unknown Anne Pépin, Senegalese Signara (b. 1747) Mary Dixon Kies, first American recipient of a U.S. patent (b. 1752) Thomas Noble, English poet and translator (b. 1772) Sengai Gibon, Japanese monk References Further reading American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge 1838 Boston Charles Bowen Chronicle of Events from August 1836 to September 1837 https://books.google.com/books?id=62UwAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA322 External links