1912 Nobel Prize in Literature

20px 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature Gerhart Hauptmann Swedish Academy 1901 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1912/summary/ 1912 laureate Gerhart Hauptmann 1905 Foto Jacob Hilsdorf.jpeg "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art." 13 November 1912http://libris.kb.se/bib/8345517 Nobelpriset i litteratur. Nomineringar och utlåtanden 1901–1950 Bo Svensén 2001 Svenska Akademien 9789113010076 1 November 2025 (announcement) 10 December 1912 (ceremony) Stockholm, Sweden 1911 Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 The 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German dramatist and novelist Gerhart Hauptmann (1862–1949) "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art."The Nobel Prize in Literature 1912 nobelprize.org He is the fourth German author to become a recipient of the prize after Paul Heyse in 1910.Gerhart Hauptmann britannica.com Laureate Gerhart Hauptmann Gerhart Hauptmann achieved prominence as one of the pioneers of German Naturalism. Naturalism emphasizes observation and determinism as key concepts. Vor Sonnenaufgang ("Before Sunrise"), a drama he wrote in 1889, launched his career and received critical acclaim at the same time and was followed by other successful plays such as Die Weber ("The Weaver", 1892), Hanneles Himmelfahrt ("The Assumption of Hannele", 1893), and Die versunkene Glocke ("The Sunken Bell", 1896). Hauptmann was inspired by the discussion and quickly produced a series of works with realistic themes. He released Der Narr in Christo Emanuel Quint ("The Fool in Christ, Emanuel Quint)", his debut book, in 1910.Gerhart Hauptmann – Facts nobelprize.org left|thumb|300px|An 1897 poster for the play Die Weber. Deliberations Nominations Gerhart Huaptmann was nominated in 5 occasions (three in 1902 and one nomination in 1906). His nomination in 1912 was made Erich Schmidt (1853–1913), historian of literature and member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, which eventually led him to being awarded the prize.Nomination archive – Gerhart Hauptmann nobelprize.org In total, the Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy received 40 nominations for 30 writers. The highest nominations was for Spanish novelist Benito Pérez Galdós with five nominations. Among the repeated nominees include Henry James, Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw (awarded in 1925), William Chapman, Verner von Heidenstam (awarded in 1916), and Juhani Aho. Ten of the nominees were nominated first-time, among them Henri Bergson (awarded in 1927), Pencho Slaveykov, Sven Hedin, Carl Spitteler (awarded in 1919), Jean-Henri Fabre, Salvatore Farina, Benito Pérez Galdós, Adolf Frey, and James George Frazer. No female authors were nominated that year.Nomination archive – 1912 nobelprize.org The authors Herman Bang, Robert Barr, Berta Behrens, Alexandre Bisson, Edward Wilmot Blyden, Felix Dahn, Louis de Gramont, Léon Dierx, Horace Howard Furness, Joseph Furphy, Jacques Futrelle, Girish Chandra Ghosh, Theodor Gomperz, George Grossmith, Bertha Jane Grundy, Mir Mosharraf Hossain, Alphonse Lemerre, Lie Kim Hok, Karl May, Gabriel Monod, Giovanni Pascoli, Rafael Pombo, Bolesław Prus, Addison Peale Russell, Bram Stoker, Aleksey Suvorin, Ion Luca Caragiale and Lady Welby died in 1912 without having been nominated for the prize. The Bulgarian poet Pencho Slaveykov died months before the announcement. Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize No. Nominee Country Genre(s) Nominator(s)1Juhani Aho (1861–1921) Russian Empire Russia(Finland)novel, short storyJohan Wilhelm Ruuth (1854–1928)2Rafael Altamira Crevea (1866–1951) Restoration (Spain) Spainhistory, pedagogy, law, essaysFermín Canella Secades (1849–1924)3Henri Bergson (1859–1941) French Third Republic FrancephilosophyAndrew Lang (1844–1912)4William Chapman (1850–1917) Canada 1868poetry, translationAdrien-Bruno Roy (–)September 20255Francesco D'Ovidio (1849–1925) Kingdom of Italy Italyphilology, literary criticismErnesto Monaci (1844–1918)6Jean-Henri Fabre (1823–1915) French Third Republic Franceshort story, essays, poetry20px Maurice Maeterlinck (1862–1949)notes count The nomination was made by several scientists and other individuals, among those F. Mistral and Count M. Maeterlinck. 20px Frédéric Mistral (1830–1914) count Jean Richepin (1849–1926)7Salvatore Farina (1846–1918) Kingdom of Italy Italynovel, short story3 members of the Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere8Anatole France (1844–1924) French Third Republic Francepoetry, essays, drama, novel, literary criticismPaul Hervieu (1857–1915)9James George Frazer (1854–1941)United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britainhistory, essays, translationGeorge Augustin Macmillan (1855–1936)10Adolf Frey (1855–1920) Switzerlandbiography, history, essaysWilhelm Oechsli (1851–1919)11Karl Adolph Gjellerup (1857–1919) Denmarkpoetry, drama, novel5 members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters12Ángel Guimerá Jorge (1845–1924) Restoration (Spain) Spaindrama, poetry6 members of the Institute of Catalan Studies 13 members of the Reial Acadèmia de Bones Lletres de Barcelona13Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britainnovel, short story, poetry70 members of the Royal Society of Literature14Gerhart Hauptmann (1862–1946) German Empire Germanydrama, novelErich Schmidt (1853–1913)15Sven Hedin (1865–1952)Swedenessays, autobiography, historyFredrik Wulff (1845–1930)16Harald Høffding (1843–1931) Denmarkphilosophy, theology12 members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters17Henry James (1843–1916)United States 1912United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britainnovel, short story, drama, essaysBarrett Wendell (1855–1921) 2 members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters18Hans Ernst Kinck (1865–1926)Norwayphilology, novel, short story, drama, essaysGerhard Gran (1856–1925)19Ernest Lavisse (1842–1922) French Third Republic FrancehistoryHans Hildebrand (1842–1913)20Pierre Loti (1850–1923) French Third Republic Francenovel, short story, autobiography, essaysRené Bazin (1853–1932) Charles de Freycinet (1828–1923) Gabriel Hanotaux (1853–1944) Paul Thureau-Dangin (1837–1913)21Benito Pérez Galdós (1843–1920) Restoration (Spain) Spainnovel, short story, drama, essaysmore than 700 members of various literary societies in Spainnotes The nomination was made by more than 700 members of various literary societies in Spain, divided in 4 nominations. Jacinto Octavio Picón (1852–1923) 20px José Echegaray Eizaguirre (1832–1916) Eugenio Sellés Ángel (1842–1926) José Rodríguez Carracido (1856–1928)22Salvador Rueda Santos (1857–1933) Restoration (Spain) Spainpoetry, essays10 professors of the Cardenal Cisneros Institute23Karl Schönherr (1867–1943) Austria-Hungarydrama, short story, poetryKarl Johan Warburg (1852–1918)24George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950)United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britain and Irelanddrama, essays, novelKristian Birch-Reichenwald Aars (1868–1917)25Pencho Slaveykov (1866–1912)Kingdom of Bulgaria Bulgariapoetry, essaysAlfred Jensen (1859–1921)26Georgios Souris (1853–1919) Kingdom of Greece Greecepoetry, songwritingGeorgios Hatzidakis (1848–1941)27Carl Spitteler (1845–1924) Switzerlandpoetry, essaysprofessors in Bern and Zürich Wilhelm Oechsli (1851–1919)28Émile Verhaeren (1855–1916) Belgiumpoetry, essays2 professors of the Free University of Brussels29Ernst von der Recke (1848–1933) Denmarkpoetry, dramaThor Lange (1851–1915) Ewert Wrangel (1863–1940)30Verner von Heidenstam (1859–1940) Swedennovel, short story, poetryFredrik Wulff (1845–1930) Prize decision Of the 30 nominated candidates, the Nobel committee shortlisted five authors as the final candidates considered for the prize. These were French entomologist Jean Henri Fabre, Gerhard Hauptmann, Austrian writer Karl Schönherr, Swisss author Carl Spitteler and French historian Ernest Lavisse. Fabre was considered to be awarded for his ten part series Souvenirs Entomologiques, but his candadicy was dismissed as the committee thought that just one work was not enough for being awarded the Nobel prize. Of the three German-language candidates Hauptmann, Schönherr and Spitteler, three members of the committee supported a prize to Hauptmann while one member proposed Schönherr, or, alternatively a shared prize to Schönherr and Spitteler. Historian Ernest Lavisse was recommended by the Nobel committee as worthy of the award.Nobelpriset i litteratur. Nomineringar och utlåtanden 1901-1920 1912 Svensén, Bo Svenska Akademien 2001 On 14 November 1912 the members of the Swedish Academy decided that the Nobel Prize in Literature should be awarded to Gerhard Hauptmann "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art." Carl Spitteler was subsequently awarded the 1919 Nobel Prize in Literature. Notes References External links Award ceremony speech by Hans Hildebrand nobelprize.org 1912 Banquet speech nobelprize.org 1912 Nobel