1970 Bhiwandi riots

Civil riot in Bhiwandi, India September 2013 January 2024 Bhiwandi, Jalgaon and Mahad (Maharashtra, India) 7–8 May 1970 Religious violence in India ₹15.32 crore 27px Jana Sangh 324 Hindu and 2183 Muslim 192 deaths 37 deaths 24px IUML Jamaat-e-Islami 24px Shiv Sena RSS 1970 Bhiwandi violence Muslims Hindus The 1970 Bhiwandi riots were religious riots which occurred on 7 and 8 May in the Indian towns of Bhiwandi, Jalgaon and Mahad, between Hindus and Muslims.Graff Galonnier 2013 15-33 The riots caused the deaths of over 250 people;Engineer 2003 8 the Justice Madon commission, which investigated the riots, stated that 142 Muslims and 20 Hindus had been killed in Bhiwandi alone, and 50 Muslims and 17 Hindus in the surrounding areas.Graff Galonnier 2013 15-33 The commission strongly criticized the police for anti-Muslim bias in the aftermath of the riots, and also criticized the Shiv Sena, a Hindu-nationalist political party, for its role in the violence.Hansen 2001 74-75 The riots There had been a prolonged period of tension between Indian Nationalist groups such as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Shiv Sena, and the Muslim radical groups Jamaat-i-Islami, the Muslim League and Majlis Tameer-e-Millat.Hansen 2001 74 The Rashtriya Utsav Mandalhttps://thewire.in/communalism/riots-religious-processions-ram-navami A Single Factor Is Common to All Communal Riots During Religious Processions in India had campaigned for permission to have a procession to celebrate the birthday of the Maratha warrior-King Shivaji, which would pass through an area where the residents were predominantly Muslims, and by a mosque. Permission was given over the protests of Muslim leaders and on 7 May the procession began.Graff Galonnier 2013 15-33 The procession was organised by Shiv Sena and supporters of the Hindu right, who, it was reported, arrived armed with lathis. Between 3,000 and 4,000 people had travelled from villages close to Bhiwandi, and once the procession began, some Muslims threw stones which triggered the violence. Once the violence began the police opened fire several times.Horowitz 2001 364Banerjee 2005 101 Graff Galonnier 2013 15–33 An indefinite curfew was declared by the police at 10:00 p.m. (IST) that night. As violence ensued, fire engines and ambulances were brought in from Bombay, Thane, Ulhasnagar, Kalyan, Ambarnath and other nearby places. The Indian Express reported that "knives and acid bulbs were freely used in the places".Curfew in town near Bombay: 10 die in riots https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700508&printsec=frontpage&hl=en 12 February 2018 The Indian Express 8 May 1970 Subsequently, a 24-hour curfew was imposed also in the neighbouring town of Jalgaon, where 50 were reportedly injured by 8 May. The official figures put the total death toll at 21. The Indian Army was called in the same day to the two towns to bring the situation under control.Army Called Out in Maharashtra Town https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2odlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=op4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=625%2C2904854 12 February 2018 The Indian Express 9 May 1970 1 It was reported that towns returned to "normalcy" the following day.Riot towns limp to normalcy https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=24dlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=op4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1784%2C2951411 12 February 2018 The Indian Express 1 10 May 1970 Aftermath Following the incident, the Indian government formed a Commission headed by Justice Dinshah Pirosha Madon. The final report from the commission ran to seven volumes and was highly critical of the police for their failure to prevent the riots, the report was also highly critical of Shiv Sena for their part in the violence.Engineer 2003 8 According to the Madon report, of those arrested during the violence, 324 were Hindu and 2,183 were Muslim.Robinson 2005 103 The report was highly critical of the police, stating that their action showed a clear "anti-Muslim bias".Hansen 2001 75 According to K. Jaishankar, of those arrested for clearly identifiable crimes during the violence in 1970, 21 were Hindu and 901 were Muslim, a figure disproportionate to the numbers of casualties (which Jaishankar gives as 17 Hindus and 59 Muslims).Jaishankar 2010 211 Economic costs for the riots in Bhiwandi, according to the Madon and police reports ran to . In Jalgaon, 112 Muslim properties and been attacked by arsonists, with 87 of these being razed to the ground. There was looting of 250 properties and another 28 had been damaged. Economic costs for the violence in Jalgaon ran to with the costs to Muslims being .Robinson 2005 101–102 The commission gave a death toll of 164 in Bhiwandi alone, 142 Muslims and 20 Hindus, and in the nearby villages of Khoni and Nagaon the commission stated that there had been 78 deaths, 17 Hindus and 50 Muslims.Graff Galonnier 2013 15-33 See also Hindu terrorism References Bibliography Banerjee Sikata Make Me a Man!: Masculinity, Hinduism, and Nationalism in India 2005 State University of New York Press 978-0791463680 Engineer Asgharali The Gujarat Carnage 2003 Orient Blackswan 978-8125024965 Asgharali Engineer Introduction Graff Violette Juliette Galonnier Hindu-Muslim Communal Riots in India I (1947–1986) Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence 2013 http://www.massviolence.org/Hindu-Muslim-Communal-Riots-in,736, 1961-9898 Horowitz Donald L. The Deadly Ethnic Riot 2001 University of California Press 978-0520224476 registration https://archive.org/details/deadlyethnicriot00horo Hansen Thomas Blom Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay 2001 Princeton University Press 978-0691088402 Jaishankar K. International Handbook of Victimology 2010 CRC Press 978-1420085471 182–213 Shlomo Giora Shoham Paul Knepper Martin Kett Patterns of Communal Violence Victimization in South Asia Robinson Rowena Tremors of Violence: Muslim Survivors of Ethnic Strife in Western India 2005 SAGE 978-0761934080 Category:Anti-Muslim riots in India Category:1970 murders in India Category:Riots and civil disorder in Maharashtra Category:May 1970 in Asia Category:1970 riots Category:20th-century political riots Category:Police misconduct in India Category:1970s in Maharashtra Category:Mass murders in Maharashtra Category:1970 mass murders Category:20th-century mass murders in India Category:Hinduism-motivated violence in India Category:Jamaat-e-Islami Hind Category:Indian Union Muslim League Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Category:Shiv Sena Category:Bhiwandi Category:Jalgaon Category:Raigad district Category:Stone pelting in India Category:Political riots in India