1872 Amik earthquake

Earthquake in the Ottoman Empire 1872 Antioch earthquake yes 1872 04 03 yes Turkey #Syria 36.4 36.4 inline,title Strike-slip XI 7.2 s y Turkey and Syria 1,800 dead The 1872 Amik (Antakya) earthquake occurred on April 3 with an epicenter within the Amik Valley in the Ottoman Empire.National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Significant Earthquake Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2198 10.7289/V5TD9V7K Earthquake had an estimated magnitude of w 7.0–7.2 or s 7.2 and maximum MSK 64 rating of XI (Catastrophic). Turkey and Syria were devastated by this earthquake, and the region lost at least 1,800 residents. Tectonic setting The Amik Valley lies along the Dead Sea Transform Fault system; a predominantly strike-slip plate boundary between the African and Arabian tectonic plates. This ~1,000 km-long left-lateral transform fault connects the Red Sea spreading center in the south to the Maraş triple junction in the north. At the Maraş triple junction, the Dead Sea transform fault is one of two arms of the triple junction. Two other plate boundaries; the Cyprus arc, and East Anatolian Fault meet at this triple junction. Due to its location at an active and complex plate boundary, Antioch suffers from devastating earthquakes, including one in 115 AD that killed over 200,000 people. Earthquake The suggested epicenter may have been south from that of the 1822 Aleppo earthquake. Nicholas Ambraseys, a Greek seismologist, estimated the surface-wave magnitude at 7.2 s.Nicholas Ambraseys J. A. Jackson Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean region Geophysical Journal International 1998 133 2 390–406 10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00508.x free 1998GeoJI.133..390A Estimates of the moment magnitude (w) range from 7.0 to 7.2.Sesetyan K. Stucchi M. Castelli V. Gomez Capera A.A. Kahramanmaraş – Gaziantep Türkiye M7.7 Earthquake, 6 February 2023 (04:17 GMT+03:00) Large historical earthquakes of the earthquake-affected region: a preliminary report 16 February 2023 https://eqe.boun.edu.tr/sites/eqe.boun.edu.tr/files/kahramanmaras-gaziantep_earthquake_06-02-2023_large_hist_eqs_v1.pdf 28 February 2023 Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Boğaziçi University 1 June 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230601001447/https://eqe.boun.edu.tr/sites/eqe.boun.edu.tr/files/kahramanmaras-gaziantep_earthquake_06-02-2023_large_hist_eqs_v1.pdf dead A buried surface rupture along the northernmost strand of the Dead Sea Transform beneath the Amik Basin may correspond with the 1872 event. The distribution of damage around Amik Lake suggest a north–south trending fault rupture. No evidence of the 1872 earthquake were found along the southern part of the southern Hacıpaşa Fault, the northernmost segment of the Dead Sea Transform, suggesting the rupture did not extend south towards the Al-Ghab Plain and was only a partial rupture.H. Serdar Akyuz E. Altunel Volkan Karabacak Cahit Caglar Yalciner Historical earthquake activity of the northern part of the Dead Sea Fault Zone, southern Turkey Tectonophysics 2006 426 3–4 281–293 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.08.005 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195106003982 Elsevier 2006Tectp.426..281A subscription It implies the southern Hacıpaşa Fault may have last ruptured in another earthquake in 1408, and with the absence of large earthquakes since then, large amounts of slip has accumulated.Erhan Altunel Mustapha Meghraoui Volkan Karabacak Serdar H. Akyüz Matthieu Ferry Çağlar Yalçıner Marc Munschy179 Archaeological sites (Tell and Road) offset by the Dead Sea Fault in the Amik Basin, Southern Turkey Geophysical Journal International 2009 179 3 1313–1329 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04388.x 2009GeoJI.179.1313A 131058150 free An isoseismal map of the earthquake suggest rupture occurred at the southern tip of the Amanos Fault and extended to the coast of Samandağ via the Antakya Fault Zone.Carena S. Friedrich A. M. Verdecchia A. Kahle B. Rieger S. Kübler S. Identification of Source Faults of Large Earthquakes in the Turkey-Syria Border Region Between 1000 CE and the Present, and Their Relevance for the 2023 Mw 7.8 Pazarcık Earthquake Tectonics 2023 42 12 e2023TC007890 10.1029/2023TC007890 free 2023Tecto..4207890C Impact MSK 64 by locationMSK 64 Locations8–11Harem, Samandağ, Armanaz6–7Antioch, Aleppo, İskenderun4–5Hama, Tripoli, Lebanon Extreme damage was reported around the now drained Lake Amik. The worst damage occurred in the Kumlu district in Hatay Province. The towns of Samandağ, Fatikli and Altınözü suffered great devastation. An estimated 1,800 people were killed. A maximum intensity of XI (Catastrophic) was assigned in Samandağ.Mohamed Reda Sbeinati Ryad Darawcheh Mikhail Mouty The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. Annals of Geophysics 2005 48 3 https://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/908/1/01Sbeinati.pdf Approximately 40 seconds of extreme shaking was sufficient to destroy 1,960 of the 3,003 homes and kill 500 residents. A further 894 homes suffered serious damage. More than 5,000 commercial buildings were destroyed with only a few hundred left intact. A Greek cathedral and American Protestant church collapsed, killing four. City gates fell to the ground. At least 38 villages outside the city were obliterated. In Suaidya, 2,150 homes collapsed and 300 people died. At least 170 were killed, 187 others were injured and 3,552 homes were destroyed in Qaramut. Another 300 people died in Qilliq and the town was completely destroyed. The ground at Qilliq fissured and erupted yellow sand during liquefaction. Along the eastern slopes of the Amik Valley, the ground was displaced and surface ruptures ripped through the valley. In Aleppo, an estimated 100 houses collapsed or were damaged. Seven residents lost their lives and three were injured. Many bridges also suffered damage. The earthquake was felt in Beirut, Rhodes, and Damascus. Shaking was not felt in Egypt, but over a wide area from Rhodes to Diyarbakir and from Konya to Gaza. Along the coast of southern Turkey, a tsunami was reported, flooding the coast of Suaidiya. The tsunami reported inundated 2 km inland. In a 2003 study, tsunami experts from Tohoku University, Middle East Technical University and the National Observatory of Athens found a tsunami deposit that corresponded to 1872.National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Tsunami Event Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/5821 10.7289/V5TD9V7K See also List of earthquakes in the Levant List of earthquakes in Turkey References Category:1872 earthquakes Category:1872 in the Ottoman Empire Category:1872 natural disasters Category:1870s disasters in Asia Category:19th-century disasters in the Ottoman Empire Category:April 1872 Category:History of Antioch Category:Earthquakes in Turkey Category:History of Hatay Province Category:Earthquakes in the Levant Category:Earthquakes in Syria Category:Strike-slip earthquakes