1991 Rakovica I by-election

none April 2025 April 2025 1991 Rakovica I by-election SR Serbia parliamentary no 16 June 1991 (first round) 30 June 1991 (second round) 1990 Serbian general election 1990 40.07% (first round) 30.61% (second round) Stevan Kragujevic, Vojislav Šešelj, Skupstina Srbije, devedestih.jpg Vojislav Šešelj Serbian Radical Party 6,886 80.08% 3x4.svg Radoš Karaklajić Socialist Party of Serbia 1,663 19.92% Member of the National Assembly VacantMiodrag Bulatović of the Socialist Party of Serbia died in office.16 March 1991 Umro Miodrag Bulatović Miodrag Bulatović has died https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910316 1 August 2024 Borba 4 sr Vojislav Šešelj Serbian Radical Party A by-election in the Rakovica I constituency in Serbia was held in June 1991. The election was called after the death of representative Miodrag Bulatović of the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), and was contested by Radoš Karaklajić of SPS, Vojislav Šešelj of the Serbian Radical Party, Borislav Pekić of the Democratic Party and ten other candidates. Šešelj's candidature was also supported by the Serbian National Renewal and Serb Democratic Party. The election resulted in Šešelj's victory, winning 80% of the popular vote in the second round of the election. He was sworn in to the National Assembly of Serbia on 8 July. In the following parliamentary election in 1992, his party went onto win 73 seats. Background Following the 1990 Serbian constitutional referendum, a multi-party system was introduced in Serbia.Vladisavljević Sreten 27 September 1990 Rešenje o upisu političkih organizacija u registar političkih organizacija Decision on registration of political organisations in the register of political organisations http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6669 live Official Gazette of the Socialist Republic of Serbia sr 55 2266–2267 0351-5613 https://web.archive.org/web/20240709195724/http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6669 9 July 2024 9 July 2024Sotirović Vladislav B. 2010 The Multiparty Elections in Serbia in 1990 Political Science Almanac 1 6 10 2029-0225 This led to creation of the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), led by Slobodan Milošević,Nikolić Kosta 2011 Obnavljanje parlamentarnog poretka u Srbiji 1990. Restoration of the parliamentary order in Serbia in 1990 Tokovi Istorije sr 2 143 0354-6497 Democratic Party (DS), and Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO). Shortly after the new constitution was adopted, general elections were called for 9 December 1990.Sokolović Zoran 28 September 1990 Odluka o raspisivanju izbora za predsednika Republike Srbije, odluka o raspisivanju izbora za narodne poslanike u Narodnu skupštinu Republike Srbije i odluka o imenovanju predsednika, sekretara, članova i zamenika članova Republičke izborne komisije Decision on calling for elections for the President of the Republic of Serbia, decision on calling for elections for deputies to the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia and decision on appointing the president, secretary, members and deputy members of the Republic Electoral Commission http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6662 Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia sr 1 30 0353-8389 The elections resulted in a landslide victory of Milošević's SPS,26 December 1990 Ex-Communists trounce opposition in Serbian election https://www.proquest.com/docview/282971809 14 July 2024 Chicago Tribune 3 282971809 winning 194 out of 250 seats in the National Assembly of Serbia.Thomas Robert Serbia Under Milošević: Politics in the 1990s C. Hurst & Co. 1998 978-1-85065-367-7 1 London 74 Among the candidates elected on the SPS list was Miodrag Bulatović in the constituency of Rakovica I.26 December 1990 Socijalistima 194 mesta Socialists got 194 seats https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19901226 8 April 2025 Borba 2 sr The first convocation of the National Assembly was constituted on 11 January 1991,Šverko D. Torov M. Džafo V. N. Radovanović I. Milivojević C. 12–13 January 1991 Konstituisana višestranačka Narodna skupština Srbije: Stranačke čarke od početka The constituted multi-party National Assembly of Serbia: Party factions from the beginning https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19910112|page:13 31 July 2024 Borba 13 sr while Bulatović was sworn in at a 16 January session.Šverko D. Džafo V. N. Torov M. Radovanović I. Milojević C. 16 January 1991 Mandatar Dragutin Zelenović Dragutin Zelenović was given the mandate https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910116 1 August 2024 Borba 1 sr However, he died on 15 March and his seat became vacant. The by-election was called by Slobodan Unković, the president of the National Assembly, on 9 May.Unković Slobodan 9 May 1991 Odluka o raspisivanju dopunskih izbora za narodnog poslanika u Narodnoj skupštini Republike Srbije Decision on calling by-elections for deputy in the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=8334 Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia sr 25 8 April 2025 Electoral system With the adoption of a new constitution in September 1990, a new electoral system was introduced in Serbia.Mihailović Srećko https://www.cesid.rs/pdfovi/OKO%20IZBORA%2016.pdf Oko izbora 16: Predsednički izbori 20. januara i 3. februara 2008. godine Jovanović Milan April 2008 CeSID 978-86-83491-46-9 Belgrade sr Oko izbora 16: Presidential Elections on 20 January and 3 February 2008 15 July 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240621024933/https://www.cesid.rs/pdfovi/OKO%20IZBORA%2016.pdf 21 June 2024 live78 The 250 members of the National Assembly of Serbia were elected using a first-past-the-post, two-round voting system from 250 single-member constituencies.9 March 2020 Prvi višestranački izbori (1990) First multi-party elections (1990) https://www.b92.net/o/info/izbori2020/vremeplov?yyyy=2020&mm=03&dd=08&nav_id=1664212 live https://web.archive.org/web/20240710162821/https://www.b92.net/o/info/izbori2020/vremeplov?yyyy=2020&mm=03&dd=08&nav_id=1664212 10 July 2024 10 July 2024 B92 sr28 September 1990 Zakon o izbornim jedinicama za izbor narodnih poslanika Law on Constituencies for the Election of People's Deputies http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6660 live Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia sr 1 0353-8389 https://web.archive.org/web/20240709225407/http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6660 9 July 2024 9 July 202418–20Orlović Slaviša Partije i izbori u Srbiji: 20 godina Friedrich Ebert Foundation, Faculty of Political Sciences, Centre for Democracy 2011 978-86-84031-49-7 1 Belgrade sr Parties and elections in Serbia: 20 years 785849369233 A constituency's territory could consist of multiple local communities (mesna zajednica), populated places (naseljena mesta), or a single municipality.20–29 Eligible voters were able to vote for only one candidate in their respective constituency. A campaign for an election can last 30 to 90 days.28 September 1990 Zakon o izbornu narodnih poslanika Law on the Election of People's Deputies http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6659 live Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia sr 1 13–18 0353-8389 https://web.archive.org/web/20240709225405/http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6659 9 July 2024 9 July 2024 A candidate could be nominated by one or more political parties or other registered political organisations with at least 100 valid signatures from constituency residents, or by a citizens group citizens group sr Група грађана (grupa građana) instead. A citizens' group, under the law enacted in 1990, is a group of 100 citizens bound by an agreement willing to take part in an election. The candidate was submitted to Republic Electoral Commission (RIK) by its proposer. RIK could deny a candidate, after which the deficiencies had to be corrected within 48 hours if the candidate was to be re-submitted again. The symbol of a constituency, the name of the election, and a list of candidates that ran in the constituency were present on the voting ballot. In the first round, a candidate was elected if at least 50% of the voters came out to vote, while in the second round the candidate with the most votes wins.18 June 1991 Šešelj prvi u prvom krugu Šešelj first in the first round https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910618 8 April 2025 Borba 6 sr RIK, the local election commission, and polling boards of the constituency oversaw the election in the Rakovica I constituency.22 November 1990 Odluka o ovlašćenju izbornih komisija i biračkih odbora u izbornim jedinicama za vršenje određenih radnji u sprovođenju izbora za predsednika republike Decision on the authorisation of election commissions and polling boards in electoral units to perform certain actions in conducting elections for the president of the republic http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6766 live Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia sr 11 325 0353-8389 https://web.archive.org/web/20240709225408/http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6766 9 July 2024 9 July 2024 Parliamentary elections were called by the president of the National Assembly, who also had to announce their dates.28 September 1990 Zakon o izboru predsednika republike The Law on the Election of the President of the Republic http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6658 live Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia sr 1 12 0353-8389 https://web.archive.org/web/20240709225409/http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=6658 9 July 2024 9 July 2024 To vote, a person had to be a citizen, able to perform working duties, and at least 18 years old. Voting also took place in hospitals, nursing homes, and police barracks.Bohlen Celestine 10 December 1990 Ex-Communist Chief Takes The Lead in Serbia's Election https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/10/world/ex-communist-chief-takes-the-lead-in-serbia-s-election.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20170905005735/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/10/world/ex-communist-chief-takes-the-lead-in-serbia-s-election.html 5 September 2017 22 August 2023 The New York Times A6 0362-4331 During the election day, eligible voters can vote from 07:00 (UTC+01:00) to 20:00 at a voting station in their constituency. Voters who were either blind, disabled, or illiterate can bring a relative to vote on their behalf at a voting station. Participants The following list includes candidates who took part in the by-election. 20em Radoš Karaklajić, nominated by SPS, an auto mechanicIgnjatović Časlav 2 July 1991 Izveštaj o ukupnim rezultatima dopunskih izbora za narodnog poslanika u izbornoj jedinici 10, Rakova I – 16. i 30. juna 1991. godine Report on the overall results of the by-elections for the people's deputy in electoral unit 10, Rakovica I – 16 and 30 June 1991 http://bpp.uzzpro.gov.rs/(X(1)S(ezlzjf55vdcwh1iybweuw0jj))/Register.aspx?oznaka=9108 Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia 40 1525 6 January 2025 sr Vojislav Šešelj, nominated by the Serbian Radical Party (SRS), a lawyer Borislav Pekić, nominated by DS Jovan Marjanović, nominated by SPO–Serbian Liberal Party–New Democracy – Movement for Serbia Velizar Šešer, nominated by the League of Communists – Movement for Yugoslavia Strahinja Kostić, nominated by a citizens' group Miodrag Gojković, nominated by the Party of Independent Entrepreneurs and Peasants Jovan Čepić, nominated by the YU Bloc Predrag Vuletić, nominated by the Liberal Party Milosav Jovanović, nominated by the Workers' Party of Yugoslavia Milan Radojević, nominated by a citizens' group Miroslav Tijanić, nominated by a citizens' group Dušan Mikin, nominated by the Serbian Royalist Bloc Campaign According to newspaper Borba, the election reflected "the current state of the government and opposition".Simonović V. 11 June 1991 Za obraz i otadžbinu For honor and homeland https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910611 8 April 2025 Borba 8 sr Despite nominating its own candidate, Milošević's SPS backed Šešelj in the election by giving him election infrastructure.Sejdinović Nedim 17 November 2021 Sa njima nema neizvesnosti There is no uncertainty with them https://vreme.com/vreme/sa-njima-nema-neizvesnosti/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20240710214507/https://vreme.com/vreme/sa-njima-nema-neizvesnosti/ 10 July 2024 10 July 2024 Vreme sr SPS, however, denied this. According to Borba, out of all candidates, most voters attended Šešelj's campaign events. During the campaign, Radio Television Belgrade presented Karaklajić, Pekić, and Marjanović on television. Šešelj was also scheduled to appear, however, he was denied entrance into the building because he was armed.14 June 1991 Niko kao on No one like him https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910614 8 April 2025 Borba 13 sr Šešelj campaigned by organising election events, while Pekić presented his campaign at literary evening events, pubs, and cafés. At one of his events, Pekić was joined by all DS members of parliament (MP). They presented Pekić as "a person with a clear political past" (čovek čiste političke prošlosti).Mikuljanac M. Zelenbaba S. 10 June 1991 Demokrata čiste prošlosti Democrat of a clean past https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910610 8 April 2025 Borba 5 sr Šešelj campaigned on promoting privatisation, opposition to Yugoslavism, and support for Greater Serbia.Mikuljanac M. Gunić P. 5 June 1991 Udvaranje na srpski način Courtship the Serbian way https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910605 8 April 2025 Borba 26 sr His candidacy was supported by the Serbian National Renewal and Serb Democratic Party.30 May 1991 Šešelj za poslanika Šešelj for MP https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910530 8 April 2025 Borba 6 sr On 12 June, SPS organised an event promoting Karaklajić's candidature. The event was attended by SPS officials Borisav Jović and Jovan Striković.Radovanović I. 13 June 1991 Kad Srbije nije bilo... When Serbia was gone... https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910613 8 April 2025 Borba 7 sr Results The election was conducted at 19 voting stations. The results of the first round saw Šešelj winning 56% of the popular vote; he was followed by Karaklajić, who won 15% of the popular vote. In the early hours of the first round, about 20% of the voters voted in the election, while by the end of the day, the number of voters that turned out to vote rose up to 40%.17 June 1991 Šešelj i Karaklajić "trče" drugi krug Šešelj and Karaklajić "are running" in the second round https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910617 1 August 2024 Borba 6 sr After the election, DS objected to the electoral rules and filed a complaint to the local election commission, which eventually rejected their complaint. Considering that less than 50% of voters turned out to vote, the Election Commission called a second round for 30 June, featuring only Šešelj and Karaklajić as candidates. In the second round, Šešelj won 80% of the popular vote. According to Ivan Matić, the president of the local election commission, there were no complaints filed after the second round.1 July 1991 Šešelj u Parlamentu Šešelj in Parliament https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910701 1 August 2024 Borba 28 sr Vojislav Šešelj Serbian Radical Party 6117 6686 Radoš Karaklajić Socialist Party of Serbia 1692 1663 Borislav Pekić Democratic Party 1365 Jovan Marjanović SPO–SLS–ND 968 Velizar Šešer League of Communists – Movement for Yugoslavia 237 Strahinja Kostić Independent 230 Miodrag Gojković Party of Independent Entrepreneurs and Peasants 65 Jovan Čepić YU Bloc 62 #0505D0 Predrag Vuletić Liberal Party 50 Milosav Jovanović Workers' Party of Yugoslavia 39 #FC0206 Milan Radojević Independent 28 Miroslav Tijanić Independent 25 Dušan Mikin Serbian Royalist Bloc 15 309 204 27953 27939 Republic Electoral Commission Aftermath After the election, Šešelj declared his victory as "the victory of the Serbian Radical Party and its economic, social, and political programme" (pobeda Srpske radikalne stranke i njenog ekonomskog, socijalnog i političkog programa yes). Šešelj was sworn in as MP on 8 July.Torov M. Ilić V. Milivojević C. 9 July 1991 Srpski regruti samo u Jugoslaviji Serbian recruits only in Yugoslavia https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#issue:UB_00064_19910709 1 August 2024 Borba 9 sr During his tenure in the National Assembly, he was known for engaging in physical fights with opposition politicians.Ramet Sabrina P. The Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe Since 1989 Penn State University Press 1999 978-0-271-01811-9 200 In the 1992 Serbian general election, his party went onto win 73 seats in the National Assembly.Kojić Nikola 18 February 2020 Izbori 1992: Prvi Šešeljev milion, Arkan u parlamentu i manjinska vlada SPS 1992 Eelections: Šešelj's first million, Arkan in the parliament, and the SPS minority government https://n1info.rs/vesti/a570469-izbori-1992-prvi-seseljev-milion-arkan-u-parlamentu-i-manjinska-vlada-sps/ 8 April 2025 N1 sr Notes References Category:1991 elections in Europe Category:1990s elections in Serbia Category:1991 elections in Yugoslavia Category:1991 in Serbia Category:June 1991 in Europe Category:Parliamentary elections in Serbia