1985 Bolivian general election

none Bolivia state 1980 Bolivian general election 1980 1989 Bolivian general election 1989 2,108,458 81.97% ( 7.65pp) yes Presidential election presidential 14 July 1985 (popular vote)6 August 1985 (Congress vote) GralHugoBanzerSuarez (CROPPED).jpg Hugo Banzer Nationalist Democratic Action 51 Eudoro Galindo 493,735 32.83% Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1964) - CROPPED.jpg Víctor Paz Estenssoro Revolutionary Nationalist Movement 94 Julio Garret Ayllón 456,704 30.36% Jaime Paz Zamora.jpg 120 110 150 0 5 Jaime Paz Zamora Revolutionary Left Movement (Bolivia) Oscar Eid Franco 153,143 10.18% Roberto Jordán Pando Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement Marcelo Velarde Ortiz 82,418 5.48% 260px Results by department 260px Results by province President Hernán Siles Zuazo Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement Víctor Paz Estenssoro Revolutionary Nationalist Movement General elections were held in Bolivia on 14 July 1985.Nohlen, D (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p133 978-0-19-928358-3 As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a President on 4 August. Although Hugo Banzer of Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN) received the most public votes, Congress elected Víctor Paz Estenssoro of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR).Nohlen, p158 Campaign 1985 Bolivian economic crisis Since 1982, the country had undergone an economic crisis as Bolivia's hyperinflation reached the fourth highest ever recorded in the world. The incumbent President Hernán Siles Zuazo faced little support from Congress and debilitating strikes led by Juan Lechín. Under pressure from Congress, Siles ultimately allowed general elections to be moved forward by one year, thus shortening his own constitutional mandate.Valenzuela Arturo 2004-10-13 Latin American Presidencies Interrupted https://muse.jhu.edu/article/174014 Journal of Democracy en 15 4 5–19 10.1353/jod.2004.0075 51825804 1086-3214 subscription The new elections, set for 14 July 1985, were the first to be held since the country's transition back to democracy in October 1982. The previous elections had been held in 1980 but were annulled by a military coup led by General Luis García Meza. As a result, a total of 18 political parties were on the ballot, the largest number out of any election in Bolivian history.Gisbert 2003 167 Former presidents Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Hugo Banzer presented themselves as candidates for the ADN and MNR. For Paz Estenssoro, this was his eighth presidential bid and the fourth since he was last elected in 1964 while this was Banzer's third campaign in a row since 1979. On 14 December 1984, given the dire situation of the current government, Jaime Paz Zamora resigned his position as Siles' vice president to run for president. As such, the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR) left its governing alliance with Siles' Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNRI) and joined the opposition. Further splintering in the MNRI also saw members of the peasant sector split from the MNR and form the Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement – 1 (MNRI-1). Nevertheless, the MNRI still opted to present Roberto Jordán Pando as their presidential candidate. Results The result saw Hugo Banzer of the ADN win the popular vote by 32.83%, 2.8 points ahead of Víctor Paz Estenssoro. The popular vote victory of Hugo Banzer was a testament to the gradual erosion of popularity of the opposition as well as to Paz Estenssoro's continued inability to win a majority of voters (since 1978 he had consistently reached either second or third place). Discontent with the economic management of the left-wing and constant strikes from trade unions (traditionally affiliated with the left) produced a rightward shift in the electorate. Paz Zamora's position in third place at 10.18% was notable as it established his party as one of the three top political forces in the country and validated the MIR's decision to split with the MNRI. For the MNRI, the result was catastrophic. At just 5.48%, the incumbent was relegated to a minor political party. For the remaining 14 minor parties, the results demonstrated that regardless of the number of candidates, the population would mostly vote on only three to four viable parties leaving the rest with little political power. 300x300px300x300px y Presidential candidate Chamber +/– Senate +/– Nationalist Democratic Action Hugo Banzer 493735 41 +17 10 +4 red Revolutionary Nationalist Movement Víctor Paz Estenssoro 456704 43 – 16 – Revolutionary Left Movement Jaime Paz Zamora 153143 15 – 1 – Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement Roberto Jordán Pando 82418 8 – 0 – Revolutionary Nationalist Movement–Vanguard es Vanguardia Revolucionaria 9 de Abril Carlos Serrate es 72197 6 New 0 New #9C0EE3 Socialist Party – 1 Ramiro Velasco Romero 38786 5 –5 0 –1 United People's Front Antonio Araníbar Quiroga 38124 4 – 0 – #8C2020 Túpac Katari Revolutionary Liberation Movement Jenaro Flores Santos 31678 2 New 0 New Christian Democratic Party Luis Ossio 24079 3 – 0 – Bolivian Socialist Falange David Añez Pedraza 19985 3 0 0 0 Tupac Katari Revolutionary Movement Macabeo Chila Prieto 16269 0 New 0 New purple Revolutionary Workers' Party Guillermo Lora 13712 0 New 0 New Popular Civic Action Raúl Catacora Cordova 12918 0 New 0 New #4B844C Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement – 1 Francisco Figueroa 11696 0 – 0 – pink United Left Isaac Sandoval Rodríguez 10892 0 New 0 New #8B0000 Progressive National Force Luis Fernando Mostajo 9635 0 New 0 New #49A4D1 Revolutionary Humanist Action Juan Santa Cruz 9420 0 New 0 New #DFD74C National Renewal Alliance Humberto Cayoja Riart 8665 0 New 0 New #268A58 224309 130 0 27 0 2108458 Nohlen By department DepartmentADNMNRMIROthersBeni37.44%38.71%6.34%17.51%Chuquisaca21.37%25.39%21.90%31.34%Cochabamba34.26%31.00%11.51%23.22%La Paz36.39%19.57%9.12%34.92%Oruro28.33%28.86%12.05%30.76%Pando33.30%45.96%4.43%16.31%Potosi20.88%33.06%15.19%30.87%Santa Cruz38.60%42.77%5.57%13.06%Tarija24.13%52.81%6.65%16.41%Source: Constituency-Level Election Archive Congressional ballot Only Hugo Banzer of the ADN and Víctor Paz Estenssoro of the MNR contested the 4 August Congressional ballot. Whilst Banzer was only supported by his own party, Paz also received the votes of the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR), the Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNRI), the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement–Vanguard es Vanguardia Revolucionaria 9 de Abril (MNRV), the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) and the Revolutionary Liberation Movement Tupaq Katari (MRTK). Socialist Party-1 (PS-1), the Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) and the United People's Front (FPU) did not support either candidate.Walter Q Morales (2003) A brief history of Bolivia New York: Facts On File, p205 Víctor Paz Estenssoro, at age 78, became the oldest president in Bolivian history. Víctor Paz Estenssoro Revolutionary Nationalist Movement 94 Hugo Banzer Nationalist Democratic Action 51 145 157 Morales See also Bolivian National Congress, 1985–1989 References Bibliography Gisbert Carlos D. Mesa https://books.google.com/books?id=81F7AAAAMAAJ Presidentes de Bolivia: entre urnas y fusiles : el poder ejecutivo, los ministros de estado 2003 Editorial Gisbert es Category:Parliamentary elections in Bolivia Bolivia General Category:Presidential elections in Bolivia Bolivia