1421 Esperanto

Dark background asteroid December 2018 yes 1421 Esperanto #D6D6D6 Y. Väisälä Turku Obs. 18 March 1936 (1421) Esperanto 1936 FQ1931 HC1958 GDA906 UDA917 XDA920 GD Esperanto(artificial language) main-belt(outer)background 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5) 0 111.92 yr (40,879 d) 3.3505 AU 2.8280 AU 3.0893 AU 0.0846 5.43 yr (1,983 d) 77.705° 0.1815 ms / day 9.8030° 42.595° 163.18° 43.31 3.1 km51.95 10.21 km56.68 0.96 km62.06 17.35 km64.37 25.60 km 21.982 0.005 h 0.030.0420.0714 0.0110.098 C (assumed) 9.5610.3010.410.42 1421 Esperanto, provisional designation 1936 FQ, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 km mi off 2 us in diameter. It was discovered on 18 March 1936, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Iso-Heikkilä Observatory in Turku, southwest Finland. The presumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of nearly 22 hours. It was named for the artificial language Esperanto. Orbit and classification Esperanto has been determined a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population by means of modern HCM-analysis, after it had previously been grouped to the Eos family by Zappalà in the 1990s. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.8–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,983 days; semi-major axis of 3.09 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1906 UD at Heidelberg Observatory in October 1906, almost 30 years prior to its official discovery observation at Turku. Naming This minor planet was named by the discoverer after the constructed language, Esperanto, which was created by inventor and writer, Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof (1859–1917), who used the pseudonym "Doktoro Esperanto". The discoverer also named another asteroid, 1462 Zamenhof, directly after the inventor. Both asteroids are considered to be the most remote Zamenhof-Esperanto objects. The official 1421 naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in January 1956 (M.P.C. 1350). Physical characteristics Esperanto is an assumed, carbonaceous C-type asteroid. Rotation period In March 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Esperanto was obtained from photometric observations by Andrea Ferrero at the Bigmuskie Observatory B88 in northern Italy. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 21.982 0.005 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 magnitude (U=3-). Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Esperanto measures between 43.3 and 64.3 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.098. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0714 and a diameter of 43.31 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.3. References 30em 2018-09-18 last obs. JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1421 Esperanto (1936 FQ) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001421 https://web.archive.org/web/20200820035208/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001421 dead 20 August 2020 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 9 December 2018 1421 Esperanto (1936 FQ) Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1421 9 December 2018 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008) Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs Schmadel Lutz D. 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg 221 978-3-642-01964-7 10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4 2009dmpn.book.....S https://cds.cern.ch/record/1339661 Asteroid (1421) Esperanto – Proper elements AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=1421&pc=1.1.6 4 December 2018 Asteroid 1421 Esperanto Small Bodies Data Ferret https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1421+Esperanto 9 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124110/https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1421+Esperanto 9 December 2018 dead E. F. Tedesco P. V. Noah M. Noah S. D. Price October 2004 IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 2004PDSS...12.....T 9 December 2018 1421 9 December 2018 6 Joseph R. Masiero A. K. Mainzer T. Grav J. M. Bauer R. M. Cutri C. Nugent M. S. Cabrera November 2012 Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids The Astrophysical Journal Letters 759 1 5 2012ApJ...759L...8M 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 1209.5794 46350317 6 C. R. Nugent A. Mainzer J. Masiero J. Bauer R. M. Cutri T. Grav E. Kramer S. Sonnett R. Stevenson E. L. Wright December 2015 NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos The Astrophysical Journal 814 2 13 2015ApJ...814..117N 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 1509.02522 9341381 6 A. K. Mainzer J. M. Bauer R. M. Cutri T. Grav E. A. Kramer J. R. Masiero C. R. Nugent S. M. Sonnett R. A. Stevenson E. L. Wright June 2016 NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0 https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_COMPIL_5_NEOWISEDIAM_V1_0/data/neowise_mainbelt.tab NASA Planetary Data System EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0 2016PDSS..247.....M 9 December 2018 6 C. R. Nugent A. Mainzer J. Bauer R. M. Cutri E. A. Kramer T. Grav J. Masiero S. Sonnett E. L. Wright September 2016 NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos The Astronomical Journal 152 3 12 2016AJ....152...63N 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 1606.08923 free 6 Fumihiko Usui Daisuke Kuroda Thomas G. Müller Sunao Hasegawa Masateru Ishiguro Takafumi Ootsubo Daisuke Ishihara Hirokazu Kataza Satoshi Takita Shinki Oyabu Munetaka Ueno Hideo Matsuhara Takashi Onaka October 2011 Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 5 1117–1138 2011PASJ...63.1117U 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 (online, Usui Fumihiko Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey with AKARI 「あかり」衛星による小惑星の中間赤外線サーベイ Thesis or Dissertation 乙第17829号 2013 153(p.1-178) http://id.nii.ac.jp/1696/00031150/) Ferrero, Andrea July 2012 Lightcurve Photometry of Six Asteroids The Minor Planet Bulletin 39 3 138–139 1052-8091 2012MPBu...39..138F External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html 16 December 2017 ) Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center 1421 1420 Radcliffe 1421 1422 Strömgrenia 001421 Category:Discoveries by Yrjö Väisälä Category:Named minor planets 19360318