1868 in animation

none Events in 1868 in animation. Events Specific date unknown: In 1868, the physicist James Clerk Maxwell had an improved zoetrope constructed.https://books.google.com/books?id=fe88AAAAIAAJ&q=%22wheel+of+life%22&pg=PA444 The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell May 18, 1995 CUP Archive 9780521256261 Google Books Instead of slits, his version used concave lenses with a focal length equaling the diameter of the cylinder. The virtual image was thus seen in the centre and appeared much more sharp and steady than in the original zoetrope. Maxwell drew several strips that mostly demonstrated subjects relating to physics, like the vibrations of a harp string or Helmholtz's vortex rings threading through each other. An article about the "Zootrope perfectionné" was published in the French science magazine Le Cosmos in 1869, but Maxwell never marketed his animation device.https://books.google.com/books?id=c8YWAQAAIAAJ&q=%22le+cosmos%22+%22volume+20%22&pg=PA585 Le Cosmos; revue des sciences et de leurs applications April 10, 1869 Google Books In 1868, the Birmingham-based printer John Barnes Linnett received the first patent for the flip book. He gave the name kineograph to his device.McDonough John Egolf Karen The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising 2015 Routledge 9781135949068 81 https://books.google.com/books?id=HZLtCQAAQBAJ&q=John+Barnes+Linnett&pg=PA81 2 July 2018 enChronological Index of Patents Applied for and Patents Granted 1869 G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode 65 https://books.google.com/books?id=FsXj0P4OwKQC&q=John+Barnes+Linnett&pg=PA65 2 July 2018 en A flip book is a small book with relatively springy pages, each having one in a series of animation images located near its unbound edge. The user bends all of the pages back, normally with the thumb. Then by a gradual motion of the hand, the user allows them to spring free one at a time. As with the phenakistoscope, the zoetrope, and the praxinoscope, the illusion of motion is created by the apparent sudden replacement of each image by the next in the series. Unlike those other inventions, no view-interrupting shutter or assembly of mirrors is required and no viewing device other than the user's hand is absolutely necessary. Early film animators cited flip books as their inspiration more often than the earlier devices, which did not reach as wide an audience.Crafton 1993 7 Births January January 27: Frank Fiegel, American tramp and bar bouncer (inspiration for Popeye), (d. 1947).https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/frank-rocky-fiegel-popeye/ Was Frank 'Rocky' Fiegel the Inspiration for 'Popeye'? Snopes.com 20 June 2019 May 18, 2020 July July 18: Hy Mayer, German-American political cartoonist, comic artist and animator (The Travels of Teddy, with Otto Messmer), (d. 1954).https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mayer_hy.htmMayer, Henry The Jewish Encyclopedia http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/10515-mayer-henryLenburg, Jeff (2006) Who's who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award-winning and Legendary Animators. Hal Leonard Corp .9781557836717. p. 227. August August 26: Edwin George Lutz, German-American cartoonist, illustrator, and non-fiction writer of training manuals about art and drawing techniques, (wrote the training manual Animated Cartoons - How they are made, their origin and development, which offered practical ideas for streamlining the production of animated drawings and influenced the techniques used by early animation studios; aspiring animator Walt Disney first read Lutz's book at the age of 19. The book was one of the primary animation guides used by Disney's Laugh-O-Grams studio team in Kansas City, Missouri, throughout the 1920s), (d. 1951).Sporn Michael Lutz http://www.michaelspornanimation.com/splog/?p=2815 Michael Sporn Animation, Inc. Splog 22 February 2018Sedelmaier J.J. How Walt Disney Used His Kansas City Library Card http://www.printmag.com/design-education/how-walt-disney-used-his-kansas-city-library-card/ Print 26 March 2012 Print Magazine 22 February 2018Barrier Michael The animated man : a life of Walt Disney 2008 University of California Press Berkeley 978-0520256194 52 1st pbk. print.Denney Pat Williams with Jim How to be like Walt 2004 Health Communications Deerfield Beach, Fla. 978-0-7573-0231-2 21 https://archive.org/details/howtobelikewalt0000will/page/21 November November 12: Ada Driver, Australian photographer, (created her own magic lantern slides and stereoscopic photographs, some of which have been bequeathed to the State Library of Queensland), (d. 1954).Driver, Ada Annie https://www.womenaustralia.info/entries/driver-ada-annie/ 2024-03-09 AWR en-AUDRIVER, ADA (G) https://photoria.com.au/portfolio/driver-ada/ 2024-03-09 Photoria en-AU References Sources Crafton Donald 1993 Before Mickey: The Animated Film 1898–1928 University of Chicago Press Chicago 0-226-11667-0 Category:1860s in animation Category:1868 in mass media Category:1868 in the arts