1926 in science

none 1926 science 1926 The year 1926 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy and space exploration March 16 – Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-fueled rocket, at Auburn, Massachusetts. This is considered by some to be the start of the space age, although his rocket did not reach outer space. Goddard launches space age with historic first 85 years ago today http://www.clarku.edu/article/goddard-launches-space-age-historic-first-85-years-ago-today 2022-08-09 2016-05-31 https://web.archive.org/web/20160531232009/http://www.clarku.edu/article/goddard-launches-space-age-historic-first-85-years-ago-today dead Biology August 7 – American herpetologist G.K. Noble publishes a demonstration that Paul Kammerer's claims to have shown Lamarckian inheritance in the midwife toad suffer from falsification of evidence.G. K. Noble Kammerer's Alytes Nature 118 2962 209–211 1926 10.1038/118209a0 1926Natur.118..209. free American microbiologist Selman Waksman publishes Enzymes. The Quarterly Review of Biology is established by Raymond Pearl in the United States. Chemistry Waldo Semon and the B.F. Goodrich Company develop a method of plasticizing polyvinyl chloride, giving it commercial potential. Graham Edgar originates the octane rating system for automotive fuel.The Octane Scale https://pslc.ws/macrog/exp/rubber/synth/octane.htm Polymer Science Learning Center 2023-10-11 Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust) is first synthesized. Earth sciences Vladimir Vernadsky popularises the concept of the biosphere in a book (in Russian) of this title. Exploration May 12 – Roald Amundsen, Umberto Nobile and crew fly over the North Pole in the airship Norge. Mathematics Otakar Borůvka publishes Borůvka's algorithm, introducing the greedy algorithm.Borůvka Otakar 1926 O jistém problému minimálním [About a certain minimal problem] Práce Mor. Přírodověd. Spol. V Brně III 3 37–58 Czech, GermanBorůvka Otakar 1926 Příspěvek k řešení otázky ekonomické stavby elektrovodních sítí [Contribution to the solution of a problem of economical construction of electrical networks] Elektronický Obzor 15 153–4 CzechNešetřil Jaroslav Jaroslav Nešetřil Milková Eva Nešetřilová Helena 10.1016/S0012-365X(00)00224-7 1–3 Discrete Mathematics 1825599 3–36 Otakar Borůvka on minimum spanning tree problem: translation of both the 1926 papers, comments, history 233 2001 10338.dmlcz/500413 freeekonomicke stavby http://www.domy-drevostavby-na-klic.cz/technologie-ekonomicke-stavby/ www.domy-drevostavby-na-klic.cz 20 January 2016 Medicine First vaccine for pertussis. American biogerontologist Raymond Pearl publishes his book Alcohol and LongevityRaymond Pearl 1926 Alcohol and Longevity https://archive.org/details/b2981635x Alfred A. Knopf New York 978-0-405-13615-3 demonstrating that drinking alcohol in moderation is associated with greater longevity than either abstaining or drinking heavily.Oxford University Press 9780199655786 Boyle Peter Boffetta, Paolo Lowenfels, Albert B. Burns, Harry Brawley, Otis Zatonski, Witold Rehm, Jürgen Alcohol: Science, Policy and Public Health 2013 14 Finnish physician Erik Adolf von Willebrand first describes Hereditär pseudohemofili ("Hereditary pseudohemophilia"),Von Willebrand E. A. Hereditär pseudohemofili Finska Läkaresällskapets Handlingar 1926 68 87–112 Swedish later known as Von Willebrand disease. German-Jewish dermatologist Walter Freudenthal gives the earliest clear histopathological description of keratoma senile (actinic keratosis), distinguishing it from verruca senilis (seborrheic keratosis), in Breslau.Verruca senilis und Keratoma senile Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis 1926 152 2 505–528 10.1007/BF01828395 Freudenthal Walter The description 'glioblastoma multiforme' is introduced by Percival Bailey and Harvey Cushing.Bailey; Cushing (1926). Tumors of the Glioma Group. Philadelphia: Lippincott. Meteorology Wasaburo Oishi first describes the jet stream.Ooishi, W. (1926). Raporto de la Aerologia Observatorio de Tateno (in Esperanto). Aerological Observatory Report 1, Central Meteorological Observatory, Japan. 213 pp. Paleontology Gerhard Heilmann publishes The Origin of Birds (in English) on bird evolution. Physics Wolfgang Pauli uses Werner Heisenberg's matrix theory of quantum mechanics to derive the observed spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Technology January 26 – Scottish inventor John Logie Baird demonstrates his pioneering greyscale mechanical television system (which he calls a "televisor") at his London laboratory for members of the Royal Institution and a reporter from The Times.https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/baird_logie.shtml BBC - History - John Logie Baird www.bbc.co.uk 2019-04-07The Hutchinson Factfinder Helicon 1999 1-85986-000-1 https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/baird-demonstrates-tv Baird demonstrates TV History com 2019-04-13https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Logie-Baird John Logie Baird British inventor Encyclopædia Britannica 2019-04-13 February – Hidetsugu Yagi and Shintaro Uda publish the first description of the Yagi–Uda antenna. June 28 – A patent for an electric percussion fuse for explosive projectiles, invented by Herbert Rühlemann, is filed in Germany. July Alan A. Griffith publishes An Aerodynamic Theory of Turbine Design, proposing an airfoil shape for turbine blades.Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Report no. H 1111.Alan Arnold Griffith. 1893–1963 A. A. Rubbra 117–136 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 10 1964 769315 10.1098/rsbm.1964.0008 free Carl Zeiss, Jena, open a planetarium housed in a geodesic dome designed by Walther Bauersfeld.http://www.physics.princeton.edu/~trothman/domes.html Photographs of the Zeiss Optical Company's first geodesic dome. 2011-12-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20130319084511/http://www.physics.princeton.edu/~trothman/domes.html 2013-03-19 dead November 23 – The aerosol spray can is patented by Erik Rotheim, a Norwegian chemical engineer.Bellis Mary http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/aerosol.htm https://archive.today/20120526093628/http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/aerosol.htm dead May 26, 2012 The History of Aerosol Spray Cans About.com 2011-06-27 The Einstein refrigerator is invented by Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard. Ulster-born engineer Harry Ferguson is granted a British patent for his 'Duplex' hitch linking tractor and plough. German engineer Andreas Stihl patents and develops an electric chainsaw.Reid Mark Collin Timber! Canada's History 2017 97 5 20–23 Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – Jean Baptiste Perrin Chemistry – Theodor Svedberg Medicine – Johannes Andreas Grib FibigerThese Nobel Prize Winners Weren't Always Noble https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/10/151005-nobel-laureates-forget-racist-sexist-science/ https://web.archive.org/web/20200808155045/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/10/151005-nobel-laureates-forget-racist-sexist-science/ dead August 8, 2020 National Geographic News 19 January 2021 en 6 October 2015 Copley Medal: Frederick Hopkins Wollaston Medal for Geology: Henry Fairfield Osborn Births January 11 – Lev Dyomin (died 1998), Soviet Russian cosmonaut. January 29 – Abdus Salam (died 1996), Punjabi theoretical physicist.Kibble T. W. B. Muhammad Abdus Salam, K. B. E.. 29 January 1926-21 November 1996 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 44 387–401 en 10.1098/rsbm.1998.0025 free 1 November 1998 February – David Medved (died 2009), American physicist. March 7 – Margaret Weston (died 2021), English electrical engineer and Director of the Science Museum, London. April 3 – Gus Grissom (died 1967), American astronaut.Virgil I. Grissom American astronaut https://www.britannica.com/biography/Virgil-I-Grissom Encyclopedia Britannica 19 January 2021 en May 1 – Eva Siracká (died 2023), Slovak physician May 8 – David Attenborough, English broadcaster and naturalist. May 17 – Franz Sondheimer (died 1981), German-born British chemist June 19 – Erna Schneider Hoover, American computer technologist. June 23 – Lawson Soulsby (died 2017), English parasitologist. July 27 – W. David Kingery (died 2000), American materials scientist specializing in ceramic materials. July 31 Bernard Nathanson (died 2011), American medical doctor and activist. Hilary Putnam (died 2016), American philosopher, mathematician and computer scientist. August 11 – Sir Aaron Klug (died 2018), Lithuanian-born British biophysicist and chemist. August 19 – George Daniels (died 2011), English horologist. September 4 – George William Gray (died 2013), Scottish chemist, discoverer of stable liquid crystal materials leading to the development of liquid-crystal displays. September 7 – Donald Pinkel (died 2022), American pediatric hematologist and oncologist. September 15 – Jean-Pierre Serre, French mathematician. October 2 – Michio Suzuki (died 1998), Japanese mathematician. October 12 – Ruth L. Kirschstein (died 2009), American pathologist and science administrator at the National Institutes of Health. October 31 – Narinder Singh Kapany (died 2020), Punjabi-born physicist. November 29 – Dilhan Eryurt (died 2012), Turkish astrophysicist. December 10 – Neena Schwartz (died 2018), American endocrinologist. Rosemary Fowler, English physicist. Deaths March 5 – Clément Ader (born 1841), French engineer and inventor, airplane pioneer. April 11 – Luther Burbank (born 1849), American plant breeder. May 8 – Stephen Paget (born 1855), English surgeon. July 21 – Washington Roebling (born 1837), American civil engineer. September 23 – Paul Kammerer (born 1880), Austrian Lamarckian biologist (suicide). October 7 – Emil Kraepelin (born 1856), German psychiatrist. October 10 – Clara H. Hasse (born 1880), American botanist. October 19 – Victor Babeș (born 1854), Romanian physician and bacteriologist. November 26 – John Browning (born 1855), American firearms designer. References 2 Category:20th century in science Category:1920s in science