1923 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election

none March 2023 1923 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election Seal of the Speaker of the US House of Representatives.svg legislative 1921 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election 1921 1925 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election 1925 December 3–5, 1923 Needed to win: Majority of votes castFirst ballot: 420 votes cast, 211 needed for a majorityNinth ballot: 414 votes cast, 208 needed for a majority Seat First ballot Final ballot x150px Frederick H. Gillett MA 2 T Republican Party (United States) 197 (47.6%) 212 (51.9%) x150px Finis J. Garrett TN 9 T Democratic Party (United States) 195 (46.8%) 200 (46.3%) x150px Henry A. Cooper WI 1 T Republican Party (United States) 17 (4.1%) x150px Martin B. Madden IL 1 T Republican Party (United States) 5 (1.2%) 2 (0.5%) Speaker Frederick H. Gillett Republican Party (United States) Frederick H. Gillett Republican Party (United States) At the opening of the 68th United States Congress, the members-elect of the House of Representatives held an election for Speaker of the House on December 3–5, 1923. Republican Frederick H. Gillett received a majority of the votes cast in the 9th ballot and was re-elected speaker. This was the first multiple ballot speaker election since 1859–60, and the last until January 2023. Progressive Republicans, primarily those from the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin, refused to support Speaker Gillett for the first eight ballots. After winning concessions from Republican conference leaders (a seat on the House Rules Committee and a pledge that requested House rules changes would be considered), progressives agreed to support Gillett.Wolfensberger Don December 12, 2018 Opening day of new Congress: Not always total joy https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/420984-opening-day-of-new-congress-not-always-total-joy February 20, 2019 The Hill 3 Process and conventions The speaker is the presiding officer of the U.S. House of Representatives. The House elects its speaker at the beginning of a new Congress (i.e. biennially) or when a speaker dies, resigns, or is removed from the position intra-term. Since 1839, the House has elected speakers by roll call vote.Forte David F. October 19, 2010 Essays on Article I: Speaker of the House https://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/1/essays/10/speaker-of-the-house https://web.archive.org/web/20120421180046/http://www.heritage.org/constitution#!/articles/1/essays/10/speaker-of-the-house unfit April 21, 2012 Heritage Guide to The Constitution The Heritage Foundation Following an election, there being no speaker, the outgoing clerk summons, convenes, and calls the House to order. They then order and oversee the election of a speaker of the House. thumb|left|upright=0.7|alt=Portrait of William Tyler Page|As the outgoing clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, William Tyler Page oversaw the 1923 election of a speaker as the acting presiding officer. Traditionally since the American Civil War, each of the party caucuses and conferences in the U.S. Congress selects a candidate for the speakership from among its senior leaders prior to the roll call. Representatives generally vote for the candidate nominated by their party, as the outcome of the election effectively determines which one is the majority party and consequently will organize the House. They are not however, restricted from voting for someone else.Heitshusen Valerie Beth Richard S. December 4, 2019 Speakers of the House: Elections, 1913–2019 https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30857.pdf CRS Report for Congress Congressional Research Service Washington, D.C. Upon winning election, the new speaker is immediately sworn in by the dean of the U.S. House of Representatives, the chamber's longest-serving member.October 28, 2011 Election of the Speaker Overview https://constitution.laws.com/house-of-representatives/election-of-the-speaker December 11, 2019 Laws.comNovember 9, 2016 Fathers/Deans of the House https://history.house.gov/Institution/Seniority/Deans-of-the-House/ United States House of Representatives The new speaker then administers the oath en masse to the rest of the members of the House.December 3, 2013 Oath of Office US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives https://history.house.gov/Institution/Origins-Development/Oath-of-Office/ January 6, 2023 To be elected speaker, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of the votes cast, as opposed to an absolute majority of the full membership of the House.Looker Rachel Elbeshbishi Sarah Woodall Candy Jackson David Tran Ken January 3, 2023 McCarthy loses first ballot in House speaker race in face of GOP infighting: live updates https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2023/01/03/new-congress-house-senate-live-updates/10944392002/ USA Today A variation in the number of votes necessary to win a given election might arise due to vacancies, absentees, or members being present but not voting. Multiple roll calls had been necessary only 12 times since 1789.November 30, 2015 Speaker Elections Decided by Multiple Ballots http://history.house.gov/People/Office/Speakers-Multiple-Ballots/ United States House of Representatives Election of the speaker The election for speaker was held December 3–5, 1923, at the start of the 68th Congress. At the time of the proceedings, there were three vacant seats. First through fourth ballot (December 3) On the first ballot, 22 Republicans voted for Henry A. Cooper and Martin B. Madden. Sydney Anderson of Minnesota gave a nominating speech for Gillett and John W. Rainey of Illinois nominated Garrett. Edward E. Browne of Wisconsin nominated Henry A. Cooper to "stand for a reformation of the rules that govern this body."1923 H5 3 Dec 1923 Frank R. Reid of Illinois nominated Martin B. Madden, after which Madden rose to announce that he was not a candidate. After the fourth ballot, Nicholas Longworth of Ohio motioned to adjourn until noon the next day, and the motion was agreed to at 3:46 p.m. + 1923 election for speaker (1st through 4th ballots) Party Candidate 1st ballot 2nd ballot 3rd ballot 4th ballot Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Republican Frederick H. Gillett (OH 4 B) 197 47.58% 194 47.20% 195 47.22% 197 47.47% Democratic Finis J. Garrett (TN 9 B) 195 47.10% 194 47.20% 196 47.46% 196 47.23% Republican Henry A. Cooper (WI 1 B) 17 4.11% 17 4.14% 17 4.12% 17 4.10% Republican Martin B. Madden (IL 1 B) 5 1.21% 6 1.46% 5 1.21% 5 1.20% Total votes 420 100% 411 100% 413 100% 415 100% Votes needed to win211>50%206 >50%207>50% 208>50% Fifth through eighth ballot (December 4) Balloting began on December 4 without new nominating speeches.1923 H11 4 Dec 1923 After the eighth ballot, Longworth motioned to adjourn until noon the next day, and the motion was agreed to at 2:30 p.m. + 1923 election for speaker (5th through 8th ballots) Party Candidate 5th ballot 6th ballot 7th ballot 8th ballot Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Republican Frederick H. Gillett (OH 4 B) 197 47.36% 195 47.10% 196 47.12% 196 47.12% Democratic Finis J. Garrett (TN 9 B) 197 47.36% 197 47.58% 198 47.60% 198 47.60% Republican Henry A. Cooper (WI 1 B) 17 4.09% 17 4.11% 17 4.09% 17 4.09% Republican Martin B. Madden (IL 1 B) 5 1.20% 5 1.21% 5 1.20% 5 1.20% Total votes 416 100% 414 100% 416 100% 416 100% Votes needed to win209>50%208 >50%209>50% 209>50% Ninth and final ballot (December 5) Before the ninth ballot, Representative-elect Joseph W. Morris of Kentucky presented his credentials and was added to the roll.1923 H14 5 Dec 1923 Before voting began, John M. Nelson of Wisconsin announced that he and Fiorello La Guardia of New York had conferred with Longworth the previous night and discussed revision of the House rules. Longworth, negotiating on behalf of House leadership, had agreed to leave the rules of the 67th Congress in place for thirty days, during which members could submit an amendments for consideration by the Committee on Rules, to be reported out before the period expired, after which amendments could be offered and a vote taken at the request of any member. Longworth affirmed the agreement. After some questioning, John Nance Garner of Texas asked whether Nelson had "submitted willingly to this outrage," upon which the House devolved into laughter and the Clerk called for order. After order had been restored, Henry Allen Cooper himself rose to speak in support of the agreement. He declared that the "so-called Progressives" had "succeeded to deprive the Speaker of [his] power, not because any of us had ceased to be Republicans, not because any of us were anarchists... but simply because we wished to give the Representatives of the American people on this floor an opportunity to represent the constituents who honored them by sending them here. ... That is representative government, and anything else is tyranny." His speech was interrupted by James T. Begg of Ohio, who objected and called for a vote. He was joined by William R. Wood of Indiana and Garrett, and the roll call proceeded. 1923 election for speaker (ninth ballot) Republican Party (US) Frederick H. Gillett (MA 2 B) 215 51.94% Democratic Party (US) Finis J. Garrett (TN 9 B) 197 47.58% Republican Party (US) Martin B. Madden (IL 1 B) 2 0.48% 414 100% 208 >50% Votes cast by members All House members of the 68th United States Congress voted for their party's nominee in every ballot except those noted here. Member Party District Ballot vote cast December 3 December 4 December 5 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th Joseph D. Beck WI 7 B Cooper Gillett Edward E. Browne WI 8 B Cooper Gillett Frank Clague MN 2 B Cooper Gillett Charles Russell Davis MN 3 B Cooper Gillett James A. Frear WI 10 B Cooper Gillett Oscar Keller MN 4 B Cooper Gillett Harold Knutson MN 6 B Cooper Gillett Ole J. Kvale Farmer-Labor MN 7 B Cooper present Fiorello La Guardia NY 20 B Cooper Gillett Florian Lampert WI 6 B Cooper Gillett John M. Nelson WI 3 B Cooper Gillett Hubert H. Peavey WI 11 B Cooper Gillett John C. Schafer WI 4 B Cooper Gillett George J. Schneider WI 9 B Cooper Gillett James H. Sinclair ND 3 B Cooper Gillett Edward Voigt WI 2 B Cooper Gillett Knud Wefald Farmer-Labor MN 9 B Cooperpresent W. Frank James MI 12 B Madden Edward John King IL 15 B Madden Gillett M. Alfred Michaelson IL 7 B Madden Gillett Frank R. Reid IL 11 B Madden Roy O. Woodruff MI 10 B Madden Gillett Richard Yates Jr. IL AL B October 2023 Madden October 2023 Gillett Victor Berger Socialist WI 5 B present Finis Garrett TN 9 B present Henry Allen Cooper WI 1 B present Gillett Frederick H. Gillett MA 2 B present March 2023 Summary + Speaker ballot Date December 3 December 4 December 5 Ballot 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th Frederick H. Gillett 197194195197195196215 Finis J. Garrett195194196197198197 Henry Allen Cooper17 Martin B. Madden 5 6 5 2 Total 414411414416414 416395 Majority 208206208209208 209198present colspan="6" 34 Not voting colspan="8" 1 References Speaker of the House election *Speaker Speaker of the House election 1923