1983 in science

none February 2012 1983 science 1983 The year 1983 in science and technology was marked by many significant events, as listed below. Anthropology New Zealand anthropologist Derek Freeman publishes Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth, critical of Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) by Margaret Mead (d. 1978). Astronomy and space science June 13 – Pioneer 10 passes the orbit of Neptune, becoming the first man-made object to travel beyond the major planets of the Solar System. September 26 – The Soyuz T-10-1 mission ends in a pad abort at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, when a pad fire occurs at the base of the Soyuz U rocket during the launch countdown. The escape tower system, attached to the top of the capsule containing the crew and Soyuz spacecraft, fires immediately pulling the crew safe from the vehicle, six seconds before the rocket explodes, destroying the launch complex. Biology April – Kary Mullis discovers polymerase chain reaction. May 20 – First reports of HIV as a possible cause of AIDS, by independent virology teams led by Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo.Barre-Sinoussi, F. Chermann, J.C. Rey, F. Nugeyre, M.T. Chamaret, S. Gruest, J. Dauguet, C. Axler-Blin, C. Vezinet-Brun, F. Rouzioux, C. Rozenbaum, W. Montagnier, L. 390173 1983 Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Science 220 4599 868–871 10.1126/science.6189183 6189183 1983Sci...220..868B June – First report of using a monoclonal antibody as a medical test.Greener Mark 2005 MAbs Turn 30 The Scientist 19 3 14–16Klotz S.A. Drutz D.J. Tam M.R. Reed K.H. Hemorrhagic proctitis due to lymphogranuloma venereum serogroup L2: Diagnosis by fluorescent monoclonal antibody The New England Journal of Medicine 308 26 1563–1565 6602293 10.1056/NEJM198306303082604 1983 July – Determination of the first sequences of type I and type II keratins and prediction of the α-helical domain structure of intermediate filament proteins. Hanukoglu I, Fuchs E The cDNA sequence of a Type II cytoskeletal keratin reveals constant and variable structural domains among keratins. Cell 33 3 915–924 Jul 1983 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90034-X 6191871 21490380 https://zenodo.org/record/890739 November 3 – Michael Berridge and colleagues publish their discovery that inositol trisphosphate acts as a second messenger system in cell signaling.Nature 1983-11-03 306 67–9 Release of Ca2+ from a nonmitochondrial intracellular store in pancreatic acinar cells by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate Streb, H. Irvine, R. F. Berridge, M. J. Schulz, I. 5938 10.1038/306067a0 6605482 1983Natur.306...67S 4359904 December 31 – Publication of an issue of Australian Journal of Herpetology begins the Wells and Wellington affair. Computer science January 1 – The ARPANET officially changes to use the Internet Protocol, creating the Internet. August – Specification for a Musical Instrument Digital Interface (originally devised by Dave Smith of Sequential Circuits) published.Chadabe Joel Joel Chadabe 2000-05-01 The Electronic Century, Part IV: The Seeds of the Future Electronic Musician Penton Media 16 5 http://www.emusician.com/gear/0769/the-electronic-century-part-iv-the-seeds-of-the-future/145415 2012-11-28 https://web.archive.org/web/20120928230435/http://www.emusician.com/gear/0769/the-electronic-century-part-iv-the-seeds-of-the-future/145415 September 28, 2012 dead mdy-all September 27 – Richard Stallman announces the GNU Project.On the net.unix-wizards and net.usoft newsgroups. October 25 – Word processor software Multi-Tool Word, soon to become Microsoft Word, is released.Roy A. Allen A History of the Personal Computer: the People and the Technology 2001 Allan Publishing 978-0-9689108-0-1 https://archive.org/details/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer Chapter 12: Microsoft in the 1980s https://archive.org/download/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer/eBook12.pdf 12/25–12/26 2010-11-07http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/help/HA101996251033.aspx Microsoft Office online, Getting to know you...again: The Ribbon 2011-06-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20110511074037/http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/help/HA101996251033.aspx 2011-05-11 deadhttp://www.historyofbranding.com/microsoft.html The history of branding, Microsoft history 2011-06-08 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090528002301/http://www.historyofbranding.com/microsoft.html 2009-05-28 It is primarily the work of programmers Richard Brodie and Charles Simonyi. Free demonstration copies on disk are distributed with the November issue of PC World magazine.Andrew Pollack Computerizing Magazines The New York Times 1983-08-25 https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/25/business/technologyandrew-pollack-computerizing-magazines.html 2011-06-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20110512095456/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/25/business/technologyandrew-pollack-computerizing-magazines.html 2011-05-12 live November 10 – Fred Cohen demonstrates a self-replicating source code which his academic adviser at the University of Southern California, Leonard Adleman, likens to a virus.This Day in Tech – Nov. 10, 1983: Computer 'Virus' Is Born https://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2009/11/1110fred-cohen-first-computer-virus/ Kim Zetter Kim Zetter 2009-11-10 2012-01-28 Wired December – Yugoslav popular science magazine Galaksija releases a special (January 1984) issue, "Računari u vašoj kući", with complete instructions on how to build a full-featured home computer, Galaksija. The suffix automaton data structure is introduced.Maxime Crochemore Renaud Vérin 1997 On compact directed acyclic word graphs Structures in Logic and Computer Science Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1261 192–211 10.1007/3-540-63246-8_12 978-3-540-69242-3 The US Federal Government standardizes Ada (programming language), a strongly typed, comb-structured computer language, with exception handlers, for general-purpose programming. History of science Keith Thomas publishes Man and the Natural World: changing attitudes in England, 1500–1800. Mathematics Daniel Gorenstein (with Richard Lyons) proves the trichotomy theorem for finite simple groups of characteristic 2 type and rank at least 4, and announces that proof of the classification of finite simple groups is complete (although that for quasithin groups has not been demonstrated at this time).Gorenstein Daniel The classification of finite simple groups. Vol. 1. Groups of noncharacteristic 2 type New York Plenum Press The University Series in Mathematics 978-0-306-41305-6 1983 746470 Medicine July 25 – World's first dedicated hospital ward for HIV/AIDS patients opens at San Francisco General Hospital.https://hividgm.ucsf.edu/hiv-primary-care-clinic About UCSF 2020-06-10 Metrology October 21 – At the seventeenth General Conference on Weights and Measures, the length of a metre is redefined as the distance light travels in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. Paleontology January – First skeleton of Baryonyx discovered in the Weald Clay formation of Surrey, England, the most complete dinosaur skeleton discovered in the UK at this date, becoming the holotype specimen of Baryonyx walkeri, named by palaeontologists Alan J. Charig and Angela C. Milner in 1986.10.1038/324359a0 3785404 Baryonyx, a remarkable new theropod dinosaur Nature 324 6095 359–361 1986 Charig A. J. Milner A. C. 1986Natur.324..359C 4343514 Psychology Howard Gardner's book Frames of Mind presents his theory of multiple intelligences. Gísli Guðjónsson creates the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale. Technology April – 3D printing patents are filed by Alain Le Mehaute, Olivier de Witte and Jean Claude André in France and by Chuck Hull in the United States. Organizations Spain re-joins CERN after having left in 1969 (originally joined for the first time in 1961). Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler Chemistry – Henry Taube Medicine – Barbara McClintock Turing Award – Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie Births June Huh, Korean American mathematicianFields Medals in Mathematics Won by Four Under Age 40 https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/07/05/science/fields-medal-math The New York Times Kenneth Chang 2022-07-05 2022-07-05 2022-07-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20220705073447/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/07/05/science/fields-medal-math live Deaths February 27 – Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev, Russian astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1908) March 18 – Ivan Vinogradov, Russian mathematician (b. 1891) April 15 – Vera Faddeeva, Russian mathematician (b. 1906) May 22 – Albert Claude, Belgian biologist, co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 (b. 1898) August 2 – Edmund Jaeger, American naturalist (b. 1887) October 7 – George O. Abell, American astronomer (b. 1927) October 19 – Dorothy Stuart Russell, Australian-born British pathologist (b. 1895) October 24 – Elie Carafoli, Romanian aeronautical engineer (b. 1901) October 26 – Alfred Tarski, Polish American logician and mathematician (b. 1901) December 6 – Bruce Irons, English-born engineer and mathematician (b. 1924; suicide) References 30em Category:20th century in science Category:1980s in science