1474

1474 250px|thumb|May 9: The first war crimes trial in history is held in one day as Peter von Hagenbach is tried, convicted and executed. 1474 Year 1474 (MCDLXXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March January 6 – At the age of one year and nine months, Bianca Maria Sforza, the daughter of the Duke of Milan, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, is betrothed to the 9-year-old, Philibert I of Savoy, as part of an alliance between the two independent Italian duchies.A Renaissance Court: Milan Under Galleazzo Maria Sforza Gregory Lubkin University of California Press 1994 18 February 7 – The Hungarian town of Varad is attacked by an Ottoman Empire army of 7,000 cavalry, commanded by General Mihaloğlu Ali Bey, and its inhabitants are taken prisoner.Bunyitay Vincze A váradi püspökség története History of the Episcopate of Várad Episcopate of Várad Nagyvárad, Hungary http://mek.niif.hu/04700/04735/html/57.html 20 October 2010 Hungarian 1883–1884 31 October 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221031115216/http://mek.niif.hu/04700/04735/html/57.html dead February 21 – The Treaty of Ófalu is signed between the Kingdom of Poland and the Kingdom of Hungary. February 28 – The Treaty of Utrecht puts an end to the Anglo-Hanseatic War, restoring the status quo that had existed before the war, with the Kingdom of England and the states of the Hanseatic League agreeing to respect each other's trading rights.Charles D. Stanton, Medieval Maritime Warfare (Pen & Sword Maritime, 2015) ISBN 9781526782199/251-9 March 19 – The Senate of the Republic of Venice enacts the Venetian Patent Statute, one of the earliest patent systems in the world.Ladas Stephen Pericles Patents, Trademarks, and Related Rights: National and International Protection, Volume 1 1975 Harvard University Press 978-0-674-65775-5 6–7 New and inventive devices, once put into practice, have to be communicated to the Republic to obtain the right to prevent others from using them. This is considered the first modern patent system. Helmut Schippel Die Anfänge des Erfinderschutzes in Venedig Lindgren Uta Uta Lindgren Europäische Technik im Mittelalter, 800 bis 1400: Tradition und Innovation 4. Berlin 2001 539–550 3-7861-1748-9 http://www.wolfgang-pfaller.de/venedig.htm Wolfgang Pfaller April–June April 24 – The members of the Hungarian nobility ratify the treaty with Poland after King Matthias had given his assent on February 27. József Köblös Szilárd Süttő Katalin Szende Magyar Békeszerződések 1000–1526 Hungarian peace treaties 1000–1526 Jókai Mór Városi Könyvtár Pápa, Hungary 1474. Lengyel-magyar békekötés (Ófalui béke) 1474. Polish-Hungarian peace conclusion (peace of Ófalu) 198–206 2000 hu 963-00-3094-2 May 9 – The first war crimes trial in recorded history begins in Breisach am Rhein in Upper Alsace as the Burgundian general Peter von Hagenbach is put on trial for allowing his troops to murder and rape civilians during the Burgundian Wars."The Trial of Peter von Hagenbach: Reconciling History, Historiography, and International Criminal Law", by Gregory S. Gordon, in An Introduction to the International Criminal Court, ed. by William A. Schabas, (Cambridge University Press, Third Edition, 2007) pp. 30-36 ISBN 978-0-521-88125-8 The trial is held before a panel of 28 judges drawn from Breibach and surrounding Alsatian towns, and is conducted outside before a large crowd. During the trial, Hagenbach becomes the first known person to raise the "superior orders defense", stating that he was simply following orders made his commanders. After deliberating for a few hours, the judges unanimously find Hagenbach guilty and sentenced to death.An Introduction to the International Criminal Court William A. Schabas, Cambridge University Press, Third Edition At the end of his one-day trial, Hagenbach is decapitated. May 14 – Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, begins peace talks with rebels in the Electorate of Cologne in hopes of bringing an agreement that would make the Electorate a protectorate of Burgundy. The talks fail to get a result and Charles begins a war against Colognian cities a month later.Williams Gareth Fools Rush In: Charles the Bold and the Siege of Neuss Medieval Warfare 2014 4 4 22–26 48578371 2211-5129 2589-3548 Karwansaray BV May 28 – The English royal title of Duke of York is created by King Edward IV for his second-born son, Prince Richard. Thereafter, the title of Duke of York is reserved for the second son of the English monarch, while the title of Prince of Wales is reserved for the first-born son.Watson Bruce White William 2016 Anne Mowbray, Duchess of York: A 15th-century child burial from the abbey of St Clare, in the London Boroush of Tower Hamlets http://www.lamas.org.uk/images/documents/Transactions67/227_260_Anne_Mowbray.pdf London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Transactions 67 229 June 15 – Venetian captain general Triadan Gritti, with six armed galleys to protect the Albanian coast, destroys Ottoman forces attempting to take over Venetian Albania, and forces the others to retreat.Božić Ivan Ivan Božić (historian) Nemirno pomorje XV veka Troubled Seas, vol. 15 https://books.google.com/books?id=SnkBAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%22 1979 Srpska književna zadruga Beograd 380 sr 5845972 July–September July 25 – By signing the Treaty of London, Charles the Bold of Burgundy agrees to support Edward IV of England's planned invasion of France.Lander J. R. Government and Community: England, 1450–1509 1981 Harvard University Press 978-0-674-35794-5 287 August 8 – The siege of Shkodra by the Ottoman Empire ends when the city is freed by a combined army of 25,000 troops from the Republic of Venice commanded by Antonio Loredan, supplemented by the Principality of Zeta and Albanian resistance forces.George Merula, www.albanianhistory.net/texts15/AH1474.html The War of Shkodra https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000842/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts15/AH1474.html 2013-10-05 (1474), translated by Robert Elsie (2013) Nearly all of the 8,000 Ottoman troops commanded by Hadım Suleiman Pasha are killed. August 15 – In the city of Modica on the island of Sicily, a massacre is carried out in the Jewish neighborhood of Cartellone, and 360 Jews are killed in what is later referred to as the "Massacre of the Assumption".http://www.modica.it/itinerario_quartieri.htm Itinerario 'I Quartieri' - Modica.it August 26 – James III, the one-year old de jure King of Cyprus, dies 20 days after his first birthday, apparently from malaria. His mother, Catherine Cornaro, who had been serving as regent since her son's birth, becomes the ruling queen of Cyprus.Fileti Felice I Lusignan di Cipro Atheneum Florence Italian 2009 Harry Luke The Kingdom of Cyprus, 1369—1489 K. M. Setton H. W. Hazard A History of the Crusades, The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries University of Wisconsin Press 1975 389 September 21 – Ernest I becomes the new monarch of the independent Principality of Anhalt-Dessau upon the death of his father George I, who had ruled for 69 years.George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau - Biographische Kurzfassungen von bekannten Personen https://www.myheritage.ch/research/collection-10182/biographische-kurzfassungen-von-bekannten-personen?itemId=773388&action=showRecord 2023-07-27 MyHeritage DE October–December October 14 – King Ferdinand of Naples sends his son, Prince Frederick, to Burgundy in hopes of an alliance between the Kingdom of Naples and the Duchy of Burgundy to be secured by Frederick's marriage to Mary of Burgundy, daughter of the Duke, Charles the Bold. The proposal is rejected by Burgundy.Walsh Richard J. Charles the Bold and Italy (1467–1477): Politics and Personnel 2005 Liverpool University Press Liverpool Historical Studies 19 304 9781846312809 Liverpool October 26 – In a peace treaty between King Edward IV of England and King James III of Scotland, an agreement is reached for the betrothal and eventual marriage of King Edward's daughter Cecily to King James' eldest son and future King of Scotland, James, Duke of Rothsay.Everett Green Mary Anne Mary Anne Everett Green Lives of the Princesses of England https://books.google.com/books?id=2xEZAAAAYAAJ London Longman, Brown, Green, Longman and Robers 1851 3 405 November 2 – An alliance pact is signed between the Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Florence. December 12 – Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile, a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile, and her niece Juana, who is supported by her husband, Afonso V of Portugal. Isabella wins the civil war after a lengthy struggle, when her husband, the newly crowned Ferdinand II of Aragon, comes to her aid.da Costa Dominguez Rodrigo Triano-Milán José Manuel 2023 The Price of the Throne: Public Finances in Portugal and Castile and the War of the Castilian Succession (1475–9) https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2022.2155988 Journal of Medieval History 49 93–110 10.1080/03044181.2022.2155988 255174977 0304-4181 10630/26215 free December 14 – Pietro Mocenigo is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Venice 13 days after the death of the Doge Nicolò Marcello.Mocenigo December 26 – The betrothal of the son of King James III of Scotland and King Edward IV of England is formalized by proxy. After King Edward dies, the planned marriage is called off by the new monarch, Richard III.Bloks Moniek 2020-10-05 Cecily of York - Daughter of York (Part one) https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/cecily-of-york/cecily-of-york-daughter-of-york-part-one/ 2024-12-20 History of Royal Women en Date unknown Marsilio Ficino completes his book Theologia Platonica (Platonic Theology). Axayacatl defeats the Matlatzinca of the Toluca Valley. Births January 7 – Thihathura II of Ava (d. 1501) March 21 – Angela Merici, Italian religious leader and saint (d. 1540) May 5 Juan Diego, Roman Catholic Saint from Mexico (d. 1548) Giovanni Stefano Ferrero, Italian cardinal (d. 1510) May 18 – Isabella d'Este, Marquise of Mantua (d. 1539) August 6 – Luigi de' Rossi, Italian cardinal (d. 1519) September 8 – Ludovico Ariosto, Italian poet (d. 1533)Peter G. Bietenholz Thomas Brian Deutscher Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation https://books.google.com/books?id=hruQ386SfFcC&pg=PA71 1 January 2003 University of Toronto Press 978-0-8020-8577-1 71 October 6 – Luigi d'Aragona, Italian cardinal (d. 1518) October 7 – Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden (d. 1536) October 13 – Mariotto Albertinelli, High Renaissance Italian painter of the Florentine school (d. 1515) November 7 – Lorenzo Campeggio, Italian Cardinal (d. 1539) November 8 – Francesco Vettori, Italian diplomat (d. 1539) November 11 – Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish Dominican friar, historian, and social reformer (d. 1566) December 24 – Bartolomeo degli Organi, Italian musician (d. 1539) date unknown Anacaona, Taino queen and poet (d. 1503) Juan Diego, Mexican Catholic saint (d. 1548) Giacomo Pacchiarotti, Italian painter (d. 1539 or 1540) Cuthbert Tunstall, English bishop and diplomat (d. 1559) Humphrey Kynaston, English highwayman (d. 1534) probable Sebastian Cabot, Venetian explorer (d. c. 1557)Plinio Prioreschi A History of Medicine: Renaissance medicine https://books.google.com/books?id=g-koAQAAIAAJ 1996 Horatius Press 978-1-888456-06-6 65 Edward Guilford, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports of England (d. 1534) Stephen Hawes, English poet (d. c. 1521) Sir John Seymour, English courtier (d. 1536) Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England (d. 1499) Deaths thumb|right|110px|Eric II, Duke of Pomerania died 5 July thumb|right|110px|Ali Qushji died 16 December January 3 – Pietro Riario, Catholic cardinal (b. 1447) February 26 – Eom Heung-do, local official of Joseon (b. 1404)충의공 엄흥도의 삶과 묘소 진위에 관한 고찰 국학연구논총 3 ko https://kiss.kstudy.com/Detail/Ar?key=3313492 Kim Gwang-sun 2009 Kang Yeong-suk Bae Gye-yong 240 Study of the genuineness of Chunguigong Eom-heungdo's Life and graveyard March 22 – Iacopo III Appiani, Prince of Piombino (b. 1422) April 14 – Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, daughter of Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b. 1414) April 30 – Queen Gonghye, Korean royal consort (b. 1456) May 4 – Alain de Coëtivy, Catholic cardinal (b. 1407) May 9 Alfonso Vázquez de Acuña, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Jaén and Bishop of Mondoñedo (b. 1474) Peter von Hagenbach, Alsatian knight and ruler (b. 1423) May 11 – John Stanberry, Bishop of HerefordExeter Diocesan Architectural and Archaeological Society EDAAS Exeter, England Transactions of the Exeter Diocesan Architectural Society https://books.google.com/books?id=hsGgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA218 1867 218 May 14 – Ch'oe Hang, Korean politician (b. 1409) July 5 – Eric II, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (b. 1418) July 9 – Isotta degli Atti, Italian Renaissance woman (b. 1432) July 18 – Mahmud Pasha Angelović, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1420) August 1 – Walter Blount, 1st Baron Mountjoy, English politician (b. 1416) August 16 – Ricciarda of Saluzzo (b. 1410) August 26 – James III of Cyprus (b. 1473) September 21 – George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1390) October 1 – Juan Pacheco, Spanish noble and politician (b. 1419) November – William Canynge, English merchant (b. c. 1399) November 27 – Guillaume Dufay, Flemish composer (b. 1397)Reinhard Strohm The Rise of European Music, 1380–1500 https://books.google.com/books?id=8gwToY1HEoIC&pg=PA285 17 February 2005 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61934-9 285 December 1 – Nicolò Marcello, Doge of Venice (b. 1397) December 11 – King Henry IV of Castile (b. 1425)The New Encyclopaedia Britannica https://books.google.com/books?id=rIQxAQAAIAAJ 2003 Encyclopaedia Britannica 978-0-85229-961-6 733 December 16 – Ali Qushji, Ottoman astronomer and mathematician (b. 1403) date unknown Gomes Eannes de Azurara, Portuguese chronicler (b. c. 1410) Antoinette de Maignelais, French royal favorite (b. 1434) Gendun Drup, 1st Dalai Lama (b. 1391) probable Walter Frye, English composer Jehan de Waurin, French chronicler References