1906 Nobel Prize in Literature

20px 1906 Nobel Prize in Literature Giosuè Carducci Swedish Academy 1901 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1906/summary/ 1906 laureate Giosuè Carducci2.jpg "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces." 8 November 1906 (announcement) 10 December 1906 (ceremony) Stockholm, Sweden 1905 Nobel Prize in Literature 1907 The 1906 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Italian poet Giosuè Carducci (1835–1907) "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces."The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906 nobelprize.org He was the first Italian author to receive the prize and was followed by Grazia Deledda in 1926.https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giosue-Carducci Giosue Carducci Italian poet Encyclopædia Britannica 21 May 2021 Laureate Giosuè Carducci Carducci started composing poetry while he was young, influenced by both the poets of his own time and those he had studied in the ancient and Italian periods. Rime ("Rhymes", 1857) was his debut book of poetry. In his active life he became an atheist, and the provocative poem Inno a Satana ("Hymn to Satan", 1865) is where he best displays his criticism of Christianity.Giosuè Carducci – Facts nobelprize.org Carducci confessed his sins and was reconciled to the Catholic Church in 1895.2021-05-14 Inside the secret conversion of Italy's Christopher Hitchens https://cruxnow.com/news-analysis/2021/05/inside-the-secret-conversion-of-italys-christopher-hitchens/ 2021-05-14 Crux en-CA His other well-known poetry collections include Primavere elleniche ("Hellenic Springs", 1872), Odi barbare ("Barbarian Odes", 1877), and Giambi ed Epodi ("Giambi and Epodi", 1882).Giosuè Carducci britannica.com Deliberations Nominations Carducci was nominated on 9 occasions starting in 1902 by Antonio Fogazzaro, an Italian Senator and author. In 1906, he received four nominations from academics and writers which eventually led him to becoming the year's recipient.Nomination archive – Giosuè Carducci nobelprize.org The Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy received 54 nominations for 24 writers among them Leo Tolstoy, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Selma Lagerlöf (awarded in 1909), Jaroslav Vrchlický, Georg Brandes, and Antonio Fogazzaro. Eleven of the nominees were nominated first-time such as Pedro Pablo Figueroa, Gaston Boissier, Louis Franck, George Lansing Raymond, Borden Parker Bowne, Angelo de Gubernatis, and William Booth. Selma Lagerlöf was the only female nominee recorded.Nomination archive – 1906 nobelprize.org The authors Émile Boutmy, Eliza Brightwen, Ferdinand Brunetière, Ellen Mary Clerke, Anne Ross Cousin, José María de Pereda, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Max Eyth, Giuseppe Giacosa, Alexander Kielland, Jean Lorrain, Agnes Catherine Maitland, Bartolomé Mitre, Vasile Pogor, Charlotte Riddell, Hendrik Jan Schimmel, Elizabeth Missing Sewell, Eduard von Hartmann, and Adeline Dutton Whitney died in 1906 without having been nominated for the prize. Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize No. Nominee Country Genre(s) Nominator(s)1Max Bewernotes Bewer: Germanisch-religiöser Dichter ("Germanic Religious Poet") (1861–1921)German Empire Germanypoetry, songwriting, essaysMax Stoye (?) Henry Thode (1857–1920) Friedrich Kluge (1856–1926)2Gaston Boissier (1823–1908)French Third Republic Francehistory, essays, translationJacobus Johannes Hartman (1851–1924)3William Boothnotes Booth: In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890) (1829–1912)United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britaintheology, essays, songwritingOtto Classen (1868–1939)notes This nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because Classen was found to be ineligible.4Borden Parker Bownenotes america B. P. Bowne, W. Neidig and G. L. Raymond were the first three nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature from United States. (1847–1910) United States 1896philosophy, theology, essaysAlbert Knudson (1873–1953) Henry MacCracken (1840–1918) William Henry Crawford (1855–1944) Caroline Borden (?)notes Miss Caroline Borden is the sister of Borden Parker Bowne.5Georg Brandes (1842–1927) Denmarkliterary criticism, essays Troels Frederik Lund (1840–1921)notes The nomination was made by Troels Frederik Troels-Lund and 17 other members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.6Giosuè Carducci (1835–1907) Kingdom of Italy Italypoetry, literary criticism, biography, essaysRodolfo Renier (1857–1915) Johan Vising (1855–1942) Carl Bildt (1850–1931) Ugo Balzani (1847–1916)7Houston Stewart Chamberlainnotes Chamberlain: "for his work on Immanuel Kant." (1855–1927)United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great BritainGerman Empire GermanyphilosophyLeopold von Schroeder (1851–1920)8Angelo de Gubernatis (1840–1913) Kingdom of Italy Italydrama, essays, philology, poetryFrancesco Lorenzo Pullè (1850–1934) Angelo Valdarnini (1847–1930) Paolo Boselli (1838–1932) Gaspare Finali (1829–1914) Tancredi Canonico (1828–1908)9Pedro Pablo Figueroa (1857–1909)Chilehistory, biography, essaysLeonardo Eliz y Las Rosas (1861–1939)notes This nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel Committee because Eliz was found to be ineligible.10Antonio Fogazzaro (1842–1911) Kingdom of Italy Italynovel, poetry, short storyCarl Bildt (1850–1931)notes Carl Bildt nominated Antonio Fogazzaro if Giosué Carducci could not receive the Prize.11Louis Franck (1868–1937)BelgiumlawErnest Nys (1851–1920)12Gerhart Hauptmann (1862–1946) German Empire Germanydrama, novel35 German and Austrian professors and members of societiesnotes The nomination was made by 35 German and Austrian professors and members of societies authorized to nominate a candidate for the Nobel Prize.13Max Haushofernotes Haushofer: Die Verbannten ("The Banned") (1840–1907)German Empire Germanypoetry, drama, short story, essaysEmil Milan (1859–1917)notes This nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because Milan was found to be ineligible.14Selma Lagerlöf (1858–1940) Swedennovel, short storyFredrik Wulff (1845–1930) Adolf Noreen (1854–1925) Anton Christian Bang (1840–1913)15George Meredith (1828–1909) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britainnovel, poetryJohn Collier (1850–1934)16John Morley (1838–1923) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britainbiography, literary criticism, essaysJohn Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury (1858–1929)17Lewis Morris (1833–1907) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britainpoetry, songwriting, essaysHerbert Warren (1853–1930) John Rhys (1840–1915) Francis St. John Thackeray (1832–1919) Thomas Francis Roberts (1860–1919) William Jackson (1838–1931)18William Jonathan Neidignotes Neidig: The First Wardens and Other Poems (1901)http://libris.kb.se/bib/8345517 Nobelpriset i litteratur. Nomineringar och utlåtanden 1901–1950 Bo Svensén 2001 Swedish Academy 9789113010076 11 November 2020america (1870–1955)United States 1896poetry, short story, essaysHenry Burrowes Lathrop (1867–1936)19George Lansing Raymondnotes Lansing Raymond: The Essentials of Aesthetics (1906)america (1839–1929) United States 1896essays, philosophyCharles Needham (1848–1935) William Allen Wilbur (1864–1945) Mitchell Carroll (1870–1925) Hermann Schoenfeld (1861–1926) Charles Clinton Swisher (1856–1940 )20Albert Sorel (1842–1906) French Third Republic Francehistory, essaysRené Bazin (1853–1932) Gabriel Hanotaux (1853–1944) Frédéric Masson (1847–1923)21Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britainpoetry, drama, literary criticism, novel35 members of the Society of Authors22Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910) Russian Empire Russianovel, short story, drama, poetryLudovic Halévy (1837–1908)23Jaroslav Vrchlický (1853–1912) Austria-Hungary(Czechoslovakia)poetry, drama, translationBohuslav Raýman (1852–1910) Josef Hlávka (1831–1908) Arnošt Kraus (1859–1943)24Joseph Viktor Widmannnotes Widmann: Der Heilige und die Thiere ("The Saint and the Animals", 1905) and Maikäferkomödie ("May Beetle's Comedy") (1842–1911) Switzerlandnovel, short story, drama, literary criticismOtto Benndorf (1838–1907) Theodor Gomperz (1832–1912) Wilhelm von Hartel (1839–1907) Jakob Minor (1855–1912) Erich Schmidt (1853–1913) Prize decision In their report to the Swedish Academy dated 24 September 1906, the Nobel committee unanimously proposed that that year's Nobel Prize in Literature should be awarded to the Italian poet Giosuè Carducci: "A learned literary historian, nourished by antiquity, Dante and Petrarch, Carducci is in his own right a poet (...) Now that his poems are of unusually high aesthetic value, he can be considered to be highly deserving of the Nobel Prize in Literature, for which the committee now proposes him. The Swedish Academy thereby pays tribute to a poet who has a world-wide reputation, and adds its measure of admiration to the many that have been bestowed upon him by his fatherland".Nobelpriset i litteratur. Nomineringar och utlåtanden 1901-1920 1906 Svensén, Bo Svenska Akademien 2001 The members of the Swedish Academy voted unanimously for Carducci, a rare occasion by the Academy.Helmer Lång Hundra nobelpris i litteratur 1901-2001, Symposion 2001, p.50 The decision to award Carducci is considered one of the least controversial in the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature. He was the first and remain one of the few laureates who got all of the delivered votes from the members of the Swedish Academy. Award ceremony At the award ceremony in Stockholm on 10 December 1906, Carl David af Wirsén, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy said: Carducci is a learned literary historian who has been nurtured by ancient literature and by Dante and Petrarch. But he cannot be easily classified. He is not devoted to romanticism, but rather to the classical ideal and Petrarchan humanism. Regardless of the criticism which can justly be launched against him, the irrefutable truth remains that a poet who is always moved by patriotism and a love of liberty, who never sacrifices his opinions to gain favour, and who never indulges in base sensualism, is a soul inspired by the highest ideals. And insofar as his poetry in the aesthetic sense attains a rare force, Carducci can be considered worthy in the highest degree of the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Swedish Academy thus pays respect to a poet who already enjoys a world-wide reputation, and adds its homage of admiration to the many praises already given him by his country.https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1906/ceremony-speech/ Award ceremony speech nobelprize.org Due to Carducci's declining health, he was not able to receive the prize personally in Stockholm. Instead, the Swedish ambassador in Italy received it on his behalf.1906 Award ceremony nobelprize.org Notes References External links Award ceremony speech by C.D. af Wirsén nobelprize.org 1906 Nobel