2000 Spanish general election

none 2000 Spanish general election Spain parliamentary no 1996 Spanish general election 1996 2004 Spanish general election 2004 All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 259) seats in the Senate176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies Opinion polling for the 2000 Spanish general election 33,969,640 10px 4.4% 23,339,490 (68.7%)10px 8.7 pp 12 March 2000 170x170px José María Aznar People's Party (Spain) 2 September 1989 Madrid 156 seats, 38.8% 183 10px 27 10,321,178 44.5% 10px 5.7 pp 170x170px Joaquín Almunia PSOE–p EF1C27 21 June 1997 Madrid 141 seats, 37.6% 125 10px 16 7,918,752 34.2% 10px 3.4 pp 170x170px Xavier Trias Convergence and Union 20 August 1999 Barcelona 16 seats, 4.6% 15 10px 1 970,421 4.2% 10px 0.4 pp 170x170px Francisco Frutos United Left (Spain) 7 December 1998 Madrid 19 seats, 9.4%"IU" Results for IU in the 1996 Congress election, not including IC–EV. 8 10px 11 1,263,043 5.4% 10px 3.9 pp 170x170px Iñaki Anasagasti Basque Nationalist Party 1986 Biscay 5 seats, 1.3% 7 10px 2 353,953 1.5% 10px 0.2 pp 170x170px José Carlos Mauricio Canarian Coalition 1996 Las Palmas 4 seats, 0.9% 4 10px 0 248,261 1.1% 10px 0.2 pp x315px|Map of Spain showcasing winning party's strength by constituency Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress) x315px|Map of Spain showcasing winning party's strength by autonomous community Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress) x315px|Map of Spain showcasing seat distribution by Congress of Deputies constituency Election results by constituency (Congress) Prime Minister Prime Minister after election José María Aznar People's Party (Spain) José María Aznar People's Party (Spain) A general election was held in Spain on 12 March 2000 to elect the members of the 7th es Cortes Generales no under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 259 seats in the Senate. It was held concurrently with a regional election in Andalusia. At four years since the previous one, the 2000 election ended the longest legislative period up to that point since the Spanish transition to democracy.Rodríguez Aizpeolea Luis 17 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/17/espana/948063607_850215.html Aznar fija hoy la fecha de los comicios y cierra la legislatura más larga de la democracia es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 The incumbent People's Party (PP) of Prime Minister José María Aznar had been able to access power (for the first time since the Spanish transition to democracy) through the Majestic Pact in 1996 with peripheral nationalist parties, namely: Convergence and Union (CiU), the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) and Canarian Coalition (CC). In that period, Aznar's cabinet presided over an economic boom—together with a privatization of state-owned companies—a reduction in unemployment and the introduction of the euro, as well as increasing public outcry at the ETA group's terrorist activity (seeing the killings of Miguel Ángel Blanco in 1997 and Fernando Buesa days before the campaign start), and an early social response to growing immigration to Spain, with the El Ejido riots in February 2000.Gooch Adela 14 February 2000 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/feb/14/2 Uneasy truce as Spain reels from racial unrest The Guardian El Ejido 19 March 2026 The opposition was divided, with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) looking for stable leadership after the farewell of Felipe González at the 1997 party's congress, and a period of duumvirate between his successor, Joaquín Almunia, and prime ministerial nominee Josep Borrell (elected through primaries), until the latter's sudden resignation in May 1999. United Left (IU) descended into internal infighting and saw a number of splits, including that of Initiative for Catalonia (IC). The election saw the PP securing an unexpected absolute majority in the Congress of Deputies, obtaining 183 out of 350 seats and increasing its margin of victory with the PSOE.13 March 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/03/13/espana/952902015_850215.html El PP saca 2,4 millones de votos de ventaja a un PSOE en fuerte retroceso es El País Madrid 20 March 2025 A pre-election agreement between the PSOE and IU was unsuccessful, with such alliance being said to prompt tactical voting for Aznar, who also benefited from a moderate stance during his tenure.Prieto Joaquín 13 March 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/03/13/espana/952902014_850215.html Aznar consigue una histórica mayoría absoluta es El País Madrid 20 March 2025 Almunia announced his resignation immediately after results were known, triggering a leadership election.Díez Anabel 13 March 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/03/13/espana/952902020_850215.html Joaquín Almunia asume la derrota y dimite es El País Madrid 20 March 2025 Regional and peripheral nationalist parties improved their results, except for CiU—which had been in electoral decline for a decade following its support to Spanish ruling parties—and the abertzale left-supported Euskal Herritarrok (EH), which urged its voters in the Basque Country and Navarre to boycott the election. The PNV benefitted from EH's absence and gained two seats, whereas both CC and the Galician Nationalist Bloc had strong showings in their respective regions. IC clung on to parliamentary representation but suffered from the electoral competition with United and Alternative Left, IU's newly-founded regional branch in Catalonia, which failed to secure any seat. This would be the only general election in which both parties would run separately. This marked the first of two times that the PP secured a nationwide absolute majority, its best result in both popular vote share and seats up until then (only exceeded in 2011), as well as the first time that PP results exceeded the combined totals for PSOE and IU. In contrast, the PSOE got its worst election result in 21 years. This was the second time a single party received more than 10 million votes in Spanish history, the previous one being in 1982. Voter turnout was one of the lowest for Spanish election standards up to that time, with only 68.7% of the electorate casting a vote. Background 1996 Spanish government formation Premiership of José María Aznar On 5 May 1996, José María Aznar from the People's Party (PP) was able to form the first centre-right government in Spain since 1982 through confidence and supply agreements with Convergence and Union (CiU),27 April 1996 https://elpais.com/diario/1996/04/27/portada/830556004_850215.html PP y CiU cierran el pacto para que Aznar sea investido como jefe del Gobierno es El País 19 March 2025 the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV),30 April 1996 https://elpais.com/diario/1996/04/30/portada/830815201_850215.html Aznar pacta con el PNV y logra el apoyo de todo el centro derecha a su investidura es El País 19 March 2025 and Canarian Coalition,Rodríguez Aizpeolea Luis 2 April 1996 https://elpais.com/diario/1996/04/02/espana/828396004_850215.html Aznar se asegura los cuatro votos de Coalición Canaria a cambio de concesiones autonómicas es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 in what was coined the Majestic Pact.5 May 1996 https://elpais.com/diario/1996/05/05/espana/831247229_850215.html Aznar, investido presidente, lleva al Gobierno al PP es El País 19 March 2025 The relationship between the PP and its parliamentary allies was a focus of political interest due to its importance to government stability, the previous animosity between the PP and peripheral nationalism (particularly CiU and PNV) and diverging stances over the degree of devolution to be awarded to autonomous communities.28 December 1996 Aznar y Pujol se reúnen por sorpresa para analizar el cumplimiento de los pactos https://elpais.com/diario/1996/12/28/espana/851727617_850215.html es El País Madrid / Barcelona 19 November 2025Mauri Luis 15 May 1997 Pujol admite el mal momento de sus relaciones con el PP, pero opta por seguir negociando con el Gobierno https://elpais.com/diario/1997/05/22/espana/864252007_850215.html es El País Barcelona 19 November 2025 The new government focused its economic efforts on meeting the Maastricht criteria by reducing inflation, public debt and budget deficit, while reactivating the private sector through orthodox economics.https://humanidades.com/espana-democratica/ España democrática. Los gobiernos de José María Aznar (1996-2004) es Enciclopedia Humanidades 18 March 2025 "Aznar centró sus esfuerzos en implementar una política económica ortodoxa que redujera el déficit público y reactivara la actividad económica privada. El gran objetivo era cumplir los criterios de convergencia establecidos en el Tratado de Maastricht de 1992 (límites a la tasa de inflación, la deuda pública y el déficit fiscal) que, una vez alcanzados, permitirían a España unirse a la nueva moneda europea: el euro." It debuted by approving a package of spending cuts and a freeze on civil servants' wages for 1997,Rivera Jorge Parra Carmen 7 May 1996 https://elpais.com/diario/1996/05/07/espana/831420021_850215.html El Gobierno de Aznar se estrena con recortes presupuestarisos y llamadas al diálogo social es El País Madrid 22 March 20262 August 1996 https://elpais.com/diario/1996/08/02/economia/838936822_850215.html Aznar asegura que se congelarán los sueldos de los funcionarios es El País Madrid 22 March 2026 followed by the liberalization of key sectors (with the approval of new laws on the telecommunications industry and the property market),Prada Paulo 28 October 1996 https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB846446828542437500 Spain Moves to Speed Pace Of Telecom Liberalization The Wall Street Journal Madrid 22 March 2026Vitzthum Carlta 20 February 1997 https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB8563883395635500 Spain's Liberalization Plan Targets Key Economic Areas The Wall Street Journal Madrid 22 March 2026 and the privatization of state-owned companies (such as Telefónica, Tabacalera, Endesa and Repsol).Sangrador-Vegas 2020García Reche Andrés 13 November 2024 https://agendapublica.es/noticia/19456/debate-nunca-tuvimos-se-privatizaron-empresas-estrat-gicas-espana El debate que nunca tuvimos: ¿cómo se privatizaron las empresas estratégicas en España? es Agenda Pública 19 March 2025 The government also sought a deal with employers' organizations and trade unions to adopt a labour market reform that introduced incentives for open-ended contracts in exchange for reduced severance payments.Parra Carmen 9 April 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/04/09/economia/860536821_850215.html Patronal y sindicatos sellan la reforma laboral es El País Madrid 22 March 2026Parra Carmen 9 April 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/04/09/economia/860536819_850215.html Empleo estable y despido más barato es El País Madrid 22 March 2026 This allowed Spain to join the new European single currency (the euro) in 1999.2 January 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/01/02/portada/915231601_850215.html España se incorpora al euro con el reto de igualar la renta media de la UE es El País 19 March 2025 The implementation of Aznar's economic programme saw a decrease in unemployment and the Madrid Stock Exchange reaching record highs.Parra Carmen 13 January 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/01/13/economia/916182001_850215.html El paro se redujo en 289.967 personas en 1998 y en 818.367 en los cuatro últimos años es El País Madrid 19 March 2025EFE 26 November 1999 https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/1999/noviembre/26/economia/bolsa.html La Bolsa de Madrid y el Ibex-35 registran sendos máximos históricos es El Mundo Madrid 19 March 2025 This buoyancy was dubbed an "economic miracle" and served as a platform for Aznar to coin the "Spain is doing well" slogan (es España va bien no),25 February 1999 https://www.economist.com/europe/1999/02/25/image-making Image-making The Economist Madrid 22 March 20267 March 2019 https://www.lasexta.com/programas/donde-estabas-entonces/mejores-momentos/espana-va-bien-asi-defendia-aznar-en-espana-y-el-resto-del-mundo-el-milagro-economico-de-rodrigo-rato-video_201903075c819b7e0cf2ca0a0426f453.html "España va bien": así defendía Aznar en España y el resto del mundo el milagro económico de Rodrigo Rato es laSexta 19 March 2025 though these years would see the start of a property bubble with a rapid increase in real-estate prices.Sangrador-Vegas 202018 May 2012 Spanish economy: What is to blame for its problems? https://www.bbc.com/news/business-17753891 BBC News 22 March 2026 This period also saw the emergence of social issues such as gender-based violence (following the murder of Ana Orantes)Minder Raphael 15 January 2020 Overlooked No More: Ana Orantes, Whose Gruesome Murder Brought Change to Spain https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/15/obituaries/ana-orantes-overlooked.html The New York Times Madrid 19 March 2026 and euthanasia (a result of the taped suicide of Ramón Sampedro).9 March 1998 A Suicide Tape on TV Inflames the Issue in Spain https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/09/world/a-suicide-tape-on-tv-inflames-the-issue-in-spain.html The New York Times 19 March 2026 Immigration emerged as an issue,Sangrador-Vegas 2020 with a government's attempt to tighten conditions for illegal immigrants backfiring after the parliamentary opposition united to pass a new Aliens Law, regarded as respectful of migrants' rights.Elordi Cué Carlos Duva Jesús 5 August 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/08/05/espana/933804018_850215.html Gobierno y oposición quieren que la nueva Ley de Extranjería se apruebe antes de fin de año es El País Madrid 19 March 2026Elordi Cué Carlos 19 November 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/19/espana/942966005_850215.html Los puntos fundamentales de la ley es El País Madrid 19 March 2026González Miguel 23 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/23/espana/945903603_850215.html Fracaso del Gobierno con la Ley de Extranjería es El País Madrid 19 March 2026 At the international level, Spain hosted the 1997 Madrid NATO summit (focused on the alliance's enlargement)King John 6 July 1997 https://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/07/06/nato.advancer/ Big Issues Confront NATO At Madrid Summit CNN Palma de Mallorca 22 March 2026 and supported the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in the context of the Kosovo War.González Miguel 27 March 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/03/27/internacional/922489226_850215.html Una amplia mayoría del Congreso apoya que España participe en el ataque de la OTAN es El País Madrid 22 March 2026Pappas Christopher Charles 27 April 1999 https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1999/4/27/spains-pm-lauds-nato-pspains-prime/ Spain’s PM Lauds NATO The Harvard Crimson 22 March 2026 left Josep Borrell 2004 (cropped).jpg Josep Borrell in 2004 Joaquin Almunia 2002 (cropped).jpg Joaquín Almunia in 2002 100px Josep Borrell (left) was elected as PSOE nominee for prime minister in April 1998, but a power struggle with party leader Joaquín Almunia (right), and a scandal affecting two former aides, led to his withdrawal one year later. The 1996 general election had seen the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) being forced into opposition for the first time since 1982. Felipe González announced his intention to step down from the PSOE's leadership at the 1997 party congress to give way to generational renewal,Díez Anabel 21 June 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/06/21/espana/866844002_850215.html Felipe González abandona la secretaría general para forzar a renovacion del partido es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Vitzthum Carlta 23 June 1997 https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB867006833959365000 Gonzalez's Exit May Unify A Divided Socialist Party The Wall Street Journal Madrid 22 March 2026 while also rejecting a new run as prime ministerial candidate.Díez Anabel 30 January 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/01/30/espana/886114801_850215.html González descarta ser candidato del PSOE y dice que Almunia es "lo mejor" frente a Aznar es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 The party, divided at the time between González's supporters (renovadores, Spanish for "renovators") and those following the discipline of PSOE deputy leader Alfonso Guerra (guerristas),Díez Anabel 2 May 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/05/02/espana/862524004_850215.html Los renovadores del PSOE cuentan con un 80% de delegados para el congreso de junio es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 elected Joaquín Almunia, a "renovator" and former labour and public administrations minister, as new party leader.22 June 1997 https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/national/1997/06/23/spanish-socialists-pick-new-leader/eb17f5c6-0a1e-44d6-8eca-f6b788535365/ Spanish Socialists Pick New Leader The Washington Post Madrid 22 March 2026 A primary election in April 1998 to elect the PSOE's prime ministerial nominee saw Almunia, supported by González and prominent party "renovators",Frechoso Francisco 29 January 1998 https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/1998/enero/29/nacional/cadidatopsoe.html Los "barones" y el "aparato" del PSOE apoyan a Almunia como candidato a las generales es El Mundo Toledo 19 March 2025 facing Josep Borrell (former public works minister), who received the backing of the guerrista faction.Díez Anabel 22 March 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/03/22/espana/890521205_850215.html Borrell anuncia que disputará a Almunia la candidatura a la presidencia del Gobierno es El País Madrid 19 March 20257 May 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/05/07/espana/894492018_850215.html Borrell gana por 21.394 votos a Almunia en las primarias es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 Borrell defeated Almunia,Díez Anabel 25 April 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/04/25/espana/893455228_850215.html Borrell gana y trastoca la situación del PSOE es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Vitzthum Carlta 27 April 1998 https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB893622893683452000 Spain's Socialist Party Leans To Left With Choice of Borrell The Wall Street Journal Madrid 22 March 2026 but the latter remained as leader in order to prevent a new party congress.Díez Anabel 26 April 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/04/26/espana/893541601_850215.html El PSOE intenta parar la dimisión de Almunia es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Díez Anabel 1 May 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/05/01/espana/893973601_850215.html El PSOE concede a Borrell el papel de líder de la oposición y evita el congreso extraordinario es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 This prompted a "bicephaly" (duumvirate) in which both Borrell and Almunia clashed on direction and strategy issues for months.OTR Press 17 November 1998 Almunia deja en manos del Comité Federal el reparto de papeles mientras Borrell reitera que es el líder https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/1998/noviembre/17/nacional/almunia.html es El Mundo Madrid 19 March 2025EFE 21 November 1998 Cronología de una crisis https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/21/espana/911602809_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Díez Anabel 22 November 1998 Borrell y Almunia ceden para evitar un congreso https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/22/espana/911689215_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 Borrell quit as candidate in May 1999 after it transpired that two former aides were involved in a judicial investigation for tax fraud,Díez Anabel 15 May 1999 Borrell renuncia como candidato por el escándalo de sus ex colaboradores https://elpais.com/diario/1999/05/15/espana/926719201_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Charles Deborah 15 May 1999 Socialist quits race to be Spain's prime minister https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/may/15/6 The Guardian Madrid 3 August 2026Díez Anabel 15 May 1999 González insta a Almunia a que "ponga orden" y lidere el proceso para ganar las elecciones https://elpais.com/diario/1999/05/17/espana/926892001_850215.html es El País Toledo 19 March 2025 with Almunia succeeding him without opposition.Agencias 24 July 1999 El Comité Federal respalda la candidatura de Almunia https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/1999/julio/24/nacional/psoe.html es El Mundo Madrid 19 March 2025Díez Anabel 25 July 1999 Almunia roza la unanimidad https://elpais.com/diario/1999/07/25/espana/932853617_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 Disappointment with election results saw United Left (IU) descend into crisis,López Rosa Serrano Rodolfo 4 March 1996 Anguita admite el estancamiento, de IU y deja al PSOE que hable de futuros acuerdos https://elpais.com/diario/1996/03/04/espana/825894052_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Serrano Rodolfo 24 March 1996 Los críticos de Izquierda Unida cuestionan por primera vez el liderazgo de Anguita https://elpais.com/diario/1996/03/24/espana/827622017_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 which worsened over Julio Anguita's confrontational attitude with the PSOE.October 1997 La crisis de izquierda unida y la unidad de la izquierda https://www.union-communiste.org/es/1997-10/la-crisis-de-izquierda-unida-y-la-unidad-de-la-izquierda-1264 es Internationalist Communist Union 20 March 2025 Anguita sought to prevent its Galician branch (EU–EG) from entering an electoral alliance with the Socialists ahead of the 1997 Galician election,Hermida Xosé 23 May 1997 Esquerda Unida desoye a Anguita y cierra su pacto con el PSOE en Galicia https://elpais.com/diario/1997/05/23/espana/864338411_850215.html es El País Santiago de Compostela 19 March 2025 a move criticized by Initiative for Catalonia (IC),Company, Enric 23 August 1997 IC exige a Anguita que respete el pluralismo y abandone las prácticas del comunismo ortodoxo https://elpais.com/diario/1997/08/23/espana/872287215_850215.html es El País Barcelona 19 March 2025Hermida Xosé 11 September 1997 Ribó proclama que Iniciativa per Catalunya estará "siempre" con Esquerda Galega https://elpais.com/diario/1997/09/11/espana/873928802_850215.html es El País Santiago de Compostela 19 March 2025 with whom disagreements over IU's direction had been on the rise.Arroyo Francesc 8 March 1996 Ribó amenaza con actuar en el Congreso al margen de IU si no cambia https://elpais.com/diario/1996/03/08/espana/826239623_850215.html es El País 19 March 202530 June 1997 IU elimina de sus estatutos toda referencia a sus socios catalanes https://elpais.com/diario/1997/06/30/portada/867621603_850215.html es El País 19 March 2025 The Democratic Party of the New Left (PDNI), constituted as an internal faction critical of Anguita's leadership,Serrano Rodolfo 21 March 1996 Nueva Izquierda se constituye como partido entre recelos de la coalición https://elpais.com/diario/1996/03/21/espana/827362818_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Casqueiro Javier 2 November 1996 Nueva Izquierda nace para ser nexo entre PSOE e IU, según López Garrido https://elpais.com/diario/1996/11/02/espana/846889211_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 was expelled from IU's governing bodies after it broke party discipline over the issue of labour reform in June 1997.Serrano Rodolfo 17 June 1997 IU expulsa de su ejecutiva a Nueva Izquierda y reclama las actas a sus tres diputados https://elpais.com/diario/1997/06/17/espana/866498401_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Serrano Rodolfo 29 June 1997 Anguita agudiza la crisis de IU con la expulsión de Nueva Izquierda de los órganos de dirección https://elpais.com/diario/1997/06/29/espana/867535204_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 September 1997 saw the PDNI's expulsion from IU as a whole and its regional-controlled leaderships in Cantabria and Castilla–La Mancha disbanded, as well as the break up of relations with EU–EG and IC.Serrano Rodolfo 6 September 1997 Izquierda Unida registra nombres similares a los de las federaciones críticas https://elpais.com/diario/1997/09/06/espana/873496820_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Serrano Rodolfo 11 September 1997 Anguita expulsa a Nueva Izquierda, rompe con Ribó y repudia a Esquerda Galega https://elpais.com/diario/1997/09/11/espana/873928801_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Serrano Rodolfo 28 September 1997 IU expulsó ayer a los críticos y rompió lazos con sus socios catalanes y gallegos https://elpais.com/diario/1997/09/28/espana/875397601_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Serrano Rodolfo 28 September 1997 Nueva Izquierda se pasa al Grupo Mixto https://elpais.com/diario/1997/09/28/espana/875397602_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 The PDNI then sought electoral alliances with the PSOE,Serrano Rodolfo 17 January 1998 Nueva Izquierda y sus socios se constituyen en plataforma electoral https://elpais.com/diario/1998/01/17/espana/884991620_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025EFE 22 March 1998 López Garrido propondrá una alianza electoral de fuerzas de izquierda https://elpais.com/diario/1998/03/22/espana/890521211_850215.html es El País Santander 19 March 2025 which materialized ahead of the 1999 local, regional and European Parliament elections.Díez Anabel 15 May 1998 El PSOE presentará a Cristina Almeida como candidata contra Ruiz-Gallardón https://elpais.com/diario/1998/05/15/madrid/895231455_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Díez Anabel Serrano Rodolfo 16 May 1998 PSOE y Nueva Izquierda quieren extender el pacto electoral de Madrid a toda España https://elpais.com/diario/1998/05/16/espana/895269601_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Serrano Rodolfo 2 November 1998 La dirección de Nueva Izquierda propone que sus candidatos se integren en las listas del PSOE https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/02/espana/909961211_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 IC also entered into an alliance with PSOE's sister party in Catalonia ahead of the 1999 Catalan election.Company, Enric 2 September 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/09/02/catalunya/936234438_850215.html El PSC e Iniciativa-Verds se alían para disputar la mayoría a Pujol en sus feudos es El País Barcelona 18 November 2025 The ongoing IU crisis and health issues forced Anguita to resign from running in the next general election.Elordi Cué Carlos 25 July 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/07/25/espana/932853604_850215.html Anguita es reelegido candidato a La Moncloa con un 30% de los votos en contra es El País Madrid 3 August 2026Elordi Cué Carlos 18 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/18/espana/945471601_850215.html La dirección de IU decide que Frutos sustituya a Anguita, pero sólo para las elecciones es El País Madrid 27 July 2026Agencias 10 January 2000 Anguita comunica por carta a la Presidencia de IU su renuncia a ser diputado https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2000/01/10/espana/947518549.html es El Mundo Madrid 20 March 2025 thumb|alt=José María Aznar and Jordi Pujol shaking hands in Moncloa palace|Relations between José María Aznar's People's Party (PP) and Jordi Pujol's Convergence and Union (CiU) were critical for government stability. The Basque ETA group continued its activity, with its most relevant actions being the kidnapping of a Spanish prison officer, José Antonio Ortega Lara,2 July 1997 La Guardia Civil rescata del 'zulo' a Ortega Lara sin disparar un tiro https://elpais.com/diario/1997/07/02/portada/867794403_850215.html es El País 22 March 2026 and the assassination of PP's Ermua councillor Miguel Ángel Blanco in July 1997.Marín Yarza Maribel 13 July 1997 ETA abandona a Blanco con dos tiros en la cabeza tras desoír el clamor de los ciudadanos https://elpais.com/diario/1997/07/13/espana/868744825_850215.html es El País San Sebastián 19 March 2025 Blanco's killing had a deep social impact throughout Spain,Rodríguez Aizpeolea Luis Urra, Susana (translation) 12 July 2017 The day that Basque terror group ETA lost the support of the street https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2017/07/12/inenglish/1499853524_605938.html El País San Sebastián 19 March 2026Jones Sam 9 July 2022 ‘We lost our fear’: the Basque terror group’s killing that made Spain say enough is enough https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/09/eta-killing-spain-lasarte-oria-basque-miguel-angel-blanco The Guardian Lasarte-Oria 19 March 2026 with more than six million people across the country taking to the streets over four days to demand an end to ETA violence—a spontaneous civic response dubbed the "Ermua spirit"—and even some of the group's supporters publicly condemned it.July 1997 Outrage at ETA Killing https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/news/07/0713/eta.shtml BBC 19 March 202512 July 2006 El Espíritu de Ermua continúa vivo en el noveno aniversario del asesinato de Miguel Ángel Blanco https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/132393/0/asesinato/ermua/blanco/ es 20 minutos 19 March 20258 April 2017 What is Eta? https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11183574 BBC News 19 March 2025 The signing of the Estella-Lizarra Declaration between the PNV and Herri Batasuna in September 1998, while opposed by the Spanish government, led ETA to announce an "indefinite ceasefire" four days later.Nash Elizabeth 17 September 1998 ETA calls a total ceasefire Irish-style https://www.independent.ie/world-news/eta-calls-a-total-ceasefire-irish-style/26174536.html Irish Independent Madrid 19 March 20262006 Las treguas de ETA https://www.abc.es/informacion/eta_altofuego/treguas.asp es ABC 19 March 2025 Aznar authorized talks between his government and ETA,4 November 1998 Premier to Open Talks With Rebels https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-nov-04-mn-39300-story.html Los Angeles Times 19 March 2026Goodman Al 4 November 1998 Spain Making Contact With Basque Rebels https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/europe/110498spain-basques.html The New York Times Madrid 19 March 2026 but a single meeting in Switzerland found the group no more willing to compromise on its core demands than it had been in the past;8 June 1999 ETA holds talks with government https://www.irishtimes.com/news/eta-holds-talks-with-government-1.193469 The Irish Times Madrid 19 March 2026 negotiations failed and ETA ended the truce in late 1999.Whitfield 2015 6Quílez Raquel 2009 Aznar y los intentos de pactar en Zúrich https://www.elmundo.es/eta/negociaciones/aznar.html es El Mundo 19 March 2025 In December 1999, the Civil Guard foiled a plot by ETA to bring 1,700 kg of explosives to Madrid to blow up the Picasso Tower ("the convoy of death").Associated Press 9 November 2001 https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-nov-09-mn-2168-story.html Spain Tower Was Terror Target Los Angeles Times Madrid 19 March 2026P. Villatoro Manuel 17 May 2023 'Caravana de la muerte': así evitó la Guardia Civil que ETA volase el rascacielos más icónico de Madrid https://www.abc.es/historia/plan-oculto-caravana-muerte-eta-vuela-rascacielos-20230517150215-nt.html es ABC 19 March 2025 PP and CiU frequently clashed over the degree of fulfillment of their signed commitments,Cortés Josep Maria Rodríguez Aizpeolea Luis 15 May 1997 Pujol advierte al Gobierno del PP que no le ponga "en una situación imposible" https://elpais.com/diario/1997/05/15/espana/863647207_850215.html es El País Barcelona / Madrid 19 November 2025Pastor Carles 5 November 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/05/espana/878684401_850215.html Molins advierte al Gobierno que la ruptura será "inevitable" si las relaciones con CiU no mejoran es El País Barcelona 19 November 2025 with Catalan president Jordi Pujol persistently threatening to terminate his party's support to Aznar.Oppenheimer Walter 22 May 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/05/22/espana/864252006_850215.html Aznar asegura que la retirada del apoyo de CiU no supondrá la convocatoria automática de elecciones es El País Brussels 19 November 2025Pastor Carles Rodríguez Aizpeolea Luis 8 October 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/10/08/espana/876261601_850215.html Jordi Pujol garantiza a Aznar su apoyo a la estabilidad del Gobierno hasta enero de 1999 es El País Madrid 19 November 2025De Miguel Carlos Rodríguez Aizpeolea Luis 6 November 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/06/espana/878770802_850215.html Pujol advierte que sólo puede garantizar su respaldo al Gobierno hasta final de año es El País Ávila / Madrid 19 November 2025 Mutual interest, with the stability of Pujol's government in Catalonia also dependant on continued support from the PP in the regional parliament,Pastor Carles 9 October 1997 Pujol reclamará a Aznar más fluidez en la relación del PP catalán con CiU a cambio de la estabilidad https://elpais.com/diario/1997/10/09/espana/876348003_850215.html es El País Barcelona 19 November 2025Company, Enric 11 November 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/11/espana/879202818_850215.html El PP catalán amenaza con no votar los presupuestos de Pujol es El País Barcelona 19 November 2025 helped ensure that the legislative term reached its end,Larraya José Miguel 11 November 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/11/espana/879202815_850215.html Aznar afirma que ha comunicado a Pujol su intención de agotar la legislatura es El País Panama City 19 November 2025Pastor Carles 12 November 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/12/espana/879289222_850215.html Pujol confirma que desea que el Gobierno del PP pueda agotar la legislatura es El País Barcelona 19 November 2025 with both parties confirming the renewal of their agreements in January 1998.Rodríguez Aizpeolea Luis Pastor Carles 15 January 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/01/15/espana/884818801_850215.html Aznar y Pujol refuerzan el pacto de estabilidad para que el PP pueda agotar la legislatura es El País 19 November 202518 January 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/01/18/espana/885078010_850215.html Pujol justifica su apoyo a Aznar por razones económicas y electorales es El País Barcelona 19 November 2025 As a result of the PP–CiU alliance, Aznar's government oversaw a large transfer of powers to regions—traffic police, job creation, vocational training, port management and fiscal policy (including taxes on personal income, wealth, property transfers, documented legal acts, inheritance, gifts and gambling)—the abolition of compulsory military service and the reform of the State's peripheral administration.14 November 2023 Qué cesiones a CIU incluía el 'pacto del Majestic', el acuerdo de investidura entre Aznar y Pujol en 1996 https://maldita.es/malditateexplica/20231114/pacto-majestic-aznar-presidente-cataluna/ es Maldita.es 15 March 2025Aduriz Iñigo 10 August 2024 El PP de Aznar permitió a Catalunya llegar a gestionar el 30% del IRPF y le dio el 100% de patrimonio, sucesiones y juego https://www.eldiario.es/politica/pp-aznar-dio-catalunya-30-irpf-100-patrimonio-sucesiones-juego-llegar-moncloa_1_11572859.html es elDiario.es 15 March 2025 Relations with the PNV worsened throughout the legislative term,3 March 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/03/03/espana/888879607_850215.html El PNV amenaza con una crisis inmediata es El País Madrid 19 November 2025 particularly following the 1998 Estella declaration,González Ibáñez Juan 14 September 1998 El Gobierno descalifica el pacto de Estella por ser "complaciente" con los intereses de ETA https://elpais.com/diario/1998/09/14/espana/905724001_850215.html es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 ultimately leading the party to withdraw all support to the government in 1999.Gómez Damborenea Pedro 22 March 1999 Arzalluz asegura que el tiempo de pactar con el Gobierno de Madrid se ha terminado https://elpais.com/diario/1999/03/22/espana/922057206_850215.html es El País Bilbao 16 March 2025OTR Press 9 December 1999 El PNV rompe con el Gobierno y anuncia su voto contrario a los Presupuestos https://www.ultimahora.es/noticias/nacional/1999/12/09/936077/el-pnv-rompe-con-el-gobierno-y-anuncia-su-voto-contrario-a-los-presupuestos.html es Última Hora Madrid 16 March 2025 Growing political differences between the PP and the Aragonese Party saw the latter allying with the PSOE in the aftermath of the 1999 Aragonese election,Elordi Cué Carlos 22 July 1999 El Par decide por amplia mayoría un pacto de coalición de gobierno con el PSOE en Aragón https://elpais.com/diario/1999/07/22/espana/932594411_850215.html es El País Zaragoza 19 March 2026 and its break up from the PP's parliamentary group in October 1999.Casqueiro Javier 26 October 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/10/26/espana/940888804_850215.html El Par rompe con el PP y le disputará tres escaños en Aragón es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 Overview Under the 1978 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes Generales no were conceived as an imperfect bicameral system.Constitution 1978 art. 66.https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=66&tipo=2 Constitución española. Título III. De las Cortes Generales. Sinopsis artículo 66 es Congress of Deputies 11 October 2025 , summarizing Constitution 1978 art. 66. The Congress of Deputies held greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to grant or withdraw confidence from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority.Constitution 1978 arts. 90 & 99. Nonetheless, the Senate retained a limited number of specific functions—such as ratifying international treaties, authorizing cooperation agreements between autonomous communities, enforcing direct rule, regulating interterritorial compensation funds, and taking part in constitutional amendments and in the appointment of members to the Constitutional Court and the General Council of the Judiciary—which were not subject to override by Congress.Constitution 1978 arts. 74, 94, 122, 145, 155, 158–159 & 166–167. Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes Generales no—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1978 arts. 68–69. The election decree was required to be issued no later than 25 days before the scheduled expiration date of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place 54 days after the decree's publication.LOREG 1985 arts. 42 & 167. The previous election was held on 3 March 1996, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 3 March 2000. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 8 February 2000, setting the latest possible date for election day on 2 April 2000.23 August 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/08/23/portada/935359201_850215.html PP y PSOE preparan una campaña electoral larga y muy agria es El País 19 March 20258 September 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/09/08/espana/936741612_850215.html Las generales se celebrarán entre el 27 de febrero y el 26 de marzo es El País 19 March 2025 The prime minister had the prerogative to propose the monarch to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year after a previous one.Constitution 1978 arts. 115–116. Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.Constitution 1978 art. 99. Barring this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections to the Congress and the Senate.https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=115&tipo=2 Constitución española. Título V. De las relaciones entre el Gobierno y las Cortes Generales. Sinopsis artículo 115 es Congress of Deputies 31 October 2025 , summarizing Constitution 1978 art. 115. Still, as of , there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution. As part of the PP–CiU agreement, Pujol required Aznar to give him early notice of any snap general election,Pastor Carles 5 November 1996 https://elpais.com/diario/1996/11/05/espana/847148406_850215.html Pujol pide a Aznar que le avise con tiempo si opta por adelantar las elecciones es El País Barcelona 19 November 2025 while warning about his capability (rejected by Aznar) to force one at any given time.Pastor Carles Mauri Luis 10 April 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/04/10/espana/860623201_850215.html Pujol advierte al PP que el calendario electoral español esta en manos de CiU es El País Barcelona 19 November 2025Pastor Carles 24 February 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/02/24/espana/888274821_850215.html A Pujol no le preocupa un adelanto electoral porque ya ve cumplidos sus objetivos es El País Madrid 19 November 2025 Aznar offered to coordinate both the general and Catalan elections with Pujol in 1999, though this did not ultimately materialize.Pastor Carles 24 November 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/11/24/espana/880326001_850215.html Aznar invita a Pujol a pactar el calendario de las elecciones generales y de las catalanas es El País Barcelona 19 November 202525 November 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/02/24/espana/888274821_850215.html Pujol quiere convocar las autonómicas en la primavera de 1999 es El País Barcelona 19 November 2025 Speculation emerged on a snap election either after the introduction of the euro was effective at 1 January 1999,Oppenheimer Walter 27 April 1997 https://elpais.com/diario/1997/04/27/espana/862092009_850215.html González augura elecciones anticipadas si los sondeos son favorables a Aznar es El País The Hague 19 March 2025 or concurrently with the scheduled June 1999 local, regional and European Parliament elections,Rodríguez Aizpeolea Luis 19 November 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/19/espana/911430009_850215.html Los ministros más cercanos a Aznar se inclinan por adelantar las elecciones a junio es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 fueled by some Pujol's remarks (which he later backtracked)Garriga Josep 23 November 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/23/espana/911775613_850215.html Pujol asegura que las elecciones generales se celebrarán el próximo año es El País Tarragona 19 March 202524 November 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/24/espana/911862002_850215.html El presidente rectifica: "Las elecciones generales serán en el 2000" es El País Barcelona 19 March 2025 at a critical point in the PP–CiU relationship.Rodríguez Aizpeolea Luis 29 November 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/29/espana/912294006_850215.html El choque entre Aznar y Pujol presagia un adelanto electoral es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Larraya José Miguel Mauri Luis 15 December 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/12/15/espana/913676401_850215.html Aznar asegura que ha pactado con Pujol el calendario electoral y el líder de CiU lo niega es El País Prague / Barcelona 19 March 2025 Aznar himself repeteadly rejected these claims.Casqueiro Javier 25 June 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/06/25/espana/898725609_850215.html Aznar zanja especulaciones y reitera que las elecciones serán en el año 2000 es El País Madrid 19 March 2025Casqueiro Javier 25 November 1998 https://elpais.com/diario/1998/11/25/espana/911948407_850215.html Aznar insta a sus diputados y senadores a trabajar y dejar de "especular" sobre un adelanto electoral es El País 19 March 2025Mencia Sonia 3 January 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/01/03/espana/915318011_850215.html Aznar afirma que agotará la legislatura y no anticipará las elecciones es El País Viella 19 March 2025 The summer of 1999 saw new speculations of an early election in the fall,Casqueiro Javier 2 August 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/08/02/espana/933544804_850215.html Aznar sopesa este verano las últimas presiones de su entorno para adelantar las elecciones es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 with Aznar reasserting his will to serve out the remainder of the legislative term until March 2000.Díez Anabel 22 August 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/08/22/espana/935272801_850215.html Aznar asegura que agotará la legislatura y celebrará elecciones en el 2000 es El País Alcora 19 March 2025 On 23 December 1999, he confirmed the general election for 12 March,Díez Anabel 24 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/24/espana/945990008_850215.html El Gobierno adelanta que Aznar convocará las elecciones generales para el 12 de marzo es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 together with the 2000 Andalusian regional election.Pedrote Isabel 21 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/21/espana/945730808_850215.html Chaves sugiere el 20 de febrero o el 12 de marzo para las elecciones andaluzas es El País Seville 19 March 2025Pedrote Isabel 24 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/24/espana/945990009_850215.html La Junta andaluza, "satisfecha" con la coincidencia sobre la fecha electoral es El País Seville 19 March 2025 The es Cortes Generales no were officially dissolved on 18 January 2000 with the publication of the corresponding decree in the BOE, setting election day for 12 March and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 5 April.Royal Decree 64/2000 2000 arts. 1–2 & 5.Rodríguez Aizpeolea Luis 18 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/18/espana/948150021_850215.html Aznar convoca elecciones con duros ataques al PSOE y PNV y una advertencia a CiU es El País Madrid 19 March 2025 Electoral system Voting for each chamber of the es Cortes Generales no was based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they had not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence, nor were legally incapacitated.LOREG 1985 arts. 2–3.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 The Congress of Deputies had a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 were elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats were allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.Constitution 1978 art. 68; LOREG 1985 arts. 162–164. The use of this electoral method resulted in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution.Gallagher Michael 30 July 2012 http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php Effective threshold in electoral systems Trinity College Dublin Dublin https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php 22 July 2017 30 July 2017 As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:Royal Decree 64/2000 2000 art. 3. Seats ConstituenciesThe province of Balearics was officially renamed as "Balearic Islands" on 27 April 1997.Law 13/1997 1997 single art. & final prov.. The provinces of La Coruña and Orense were officially renamed as "A Coruña" and "Ourense" on 4 April 1998.Law 2/1998 1998 arts. 1–2 & final prov.. 34 Madrid 31 Barcelona 16 Valencia 13 Seville 11 Alicante 10 Málaga 9 A Coruña, Asturias, Biscay, Cádiz, Murcia 8 Pontevedra 7 Balearic Islands, Córdoba, Granada, Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza 6 Badajoz, Guipúzcoa, Jaén, Tarragona 5 Almería, Cáceres, Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Girona, Huelva, León, Navarre, Toledo, Valladolid 4 Álava, Albacete, Burgos, La Rioja, Lleida, Lugo, Ourense, Salamanca 3 Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Zamora 208 Senate seats were elected using open-listParties could group candidates into lists, although each candidate was treated separately for the purpose of the voting procedure. partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats could choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts were the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional seat per million inhabitants.Constitution 1978 art. 69; LOREG 1985 arts. 162 & 165–166.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term were filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.LOREG 1985 arts. 46, 48, 164, 166 & 170–171. Outgoing parliament The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.Lozano Carles https://www.historiaelectoral.com/grups.html Grupos Parlamentarios en el Congreso de los Diputados y el Senado es Historia Electoral.com 25 August 2025Lozano Carles https://www.historiaelectoral.com/senado7.html Composición del Senado 1977- es Historia Electoral.com 25 August 2025 auto + Parliamentary composition in January 2000https://www.congreso.es/web/guest/grupos/composicion-en-la-legislatura Grupos parlamentarios es Congress of Deputies 7 December 2020 Congress of Deputies Groups Parties Deputies Seats Total People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress PP 153 155 UPN 2 Socialist Group of the Congress PSOE 122 141 PSC 19 United Left's Federal Parliamentary Group IU 16 16 Catalan Parliamentary Group(Convergence and Union) CDC 10 16 UDC 6 Basque Parliamentary Group (EAJ/PNV) EAJ/PNV 5 5 Canarian Coalition's Parliamentary Group AIC 2 4 ICAN 1 CCN 1 Mixed Parliamentary Group PDNI 3 11 BNG 2 IC–V 2 EA 1 UV 1 PAR 1 PI 1 Non-Inscrits HB 2 2 1em + Parliamentary composition in January 2000https://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/gruposparlamentarios/gruposparlamentariosdesde1977/index.html Grupos Parlamentarios desde 1977 es Senate of Spain 8 July 2020 Senate Groups Parties Senators Seats Total People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate PP 129 132 UPN 3 Socialist Parliamentary Group PSOE 90 100 PSC 10 Convergence and Union'sCatalan Parliamentary Group in the Senate CDC 8 11 UDC 3 Basque Nationalist Senators' Parliamentary Group EAJ/PNV 6 6 Mixed Parliamentary Group PAR 3 10 IU 2 AIC 1 AHI 1 ERC 1 Pacte 1 PIL 1 Candidates Nomination rules Spanish citizens with the right to vote could run for election, provided that they had not been criminally imprisoned by a final sentence or convicted—whether final or not—of offences that involved loss of eligibility or disqualification from public office (such as rebellion or terrorism, when involving crimes against life, physical integrity or personal freedom). Additional causes of ineligibility applied to the following officials:Constitution 1978 art. 70; LOREG 1985 arts. 6 & 154. Members of the Spanish royal family and their spouses; Holders of a number of senior public or institutional posts, including the heads and members of higher courts and state institutions;These comprised the Constitutional Court, the General Council of the Judiciary, the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Court of Auditors and the Economic and Social Council. the Ombudsman; the State's Attorney General; high-ranking officials of government departments, the Office of the Prime Minister and other state agencies; government delegates in the autonomous communities; the director-general of RTVE; the director of the Electoral Register Office; the governor and deputy governor of the Bank of Spain; the heads of official credit institutions; and members of electoral commissions and of the Nuclear Safety Council; Heads of diplomatic missions abroad; Judges and public prosecutors in active service; Members of the Armed Forces and law enforcement bodies in active service. Other ineligibility provisions also applied to a number of territorial officials in these categories within their areas of jurisdiction, as well as to employees of foreign states and members of regional governments. Incompatibility rules included those of ineligibility, and also barred running in multiple constituencies or lists, and combining legislative roles (deputy, senator, and regional lawmaker) with each other or with:Constitution 1978 art. 67; LOREG 1985 arts. 46 & 155–159. A number of senior public or institutional posts, including the presidency of the Competition Defence Court; and leadership positions in RTVE, government offices, public authorities (such as port authorities, hydrographic confederations, or highway concessionary companies), public entities and state-owned or publicly funded companies; Any other paid public or private position, except university teaching. Parties and lists List of political parties in Spain The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list.LOREG 1985 arts. 44 & 169. Below is a list of the main parties and alliances which contested the election: Candidacy Parties andalliances Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Government Ref. References Congress Senate Vote % Seats Vote % Seats PP List on People's Party (PP) Navarrese People's Union (UPN) Melillan People's Union (UPM) 50px José María Aznar ConservatismChristian democracy 38.8% 156 39.0% 112 Casqueiro Javier 21 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/21/espana/945730804_850215.html Aznar se muestra convencido de las posibilidades del PP al ser nombrado oficialmente candidato es El País Madrid 27 July 2026 PSOE–p List on Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) Democratic Party of the New Left (PDNI) 50px Joaquín Almunia Social democracy 37.6% 141 31.7%"Senate1996Catalonia" Results in the 1996 Senate election, not including Catalonia. 73 Díez Anabel 25 July 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/07/25/espana/932853602_850215.html El candidato pide a los socialistas en su primer discurso que recuperen el 'espíritu del 82' es El País Madrid 27 July 2026Díez Anabel 28 November 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/28/espana/943743605_850215.html El PSOE añade a sus siglas el 'apellido' Progresistas es El País Madrid 27 July 2026 IU List on United Left (IU)– Communist Party of Spain (PCE)– Socialist Action Party (PASOC)– Republican Left (IR)– Collective for the Unity of Workers–Andalusian Left Bloc (CUT–BAI)– Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR)– Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT) United and Alternative Left (EUiA)– Living Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUCviu)– Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC)– The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia (EV–CEC) 50px Francisco Frutos SocialismCommunism 9.4%"IU" 19 8.8%"Senate1996Catalonia" 0 Rusiñol Pere 1 February 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/01/catalunya/949370843_850215.html EUiA rechaza integrarse en las listas de IC-V y prepara una coalición con Els Verds es El País Barcelona 27 July 2026 CiU List on Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) 50px Xavier Trias Catalan nationalismCentrism 4.6% 16 4.9% 8 20 August 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/08/20/espana/935100008_850215.html Pujol confirma a Trias como cabeza de lista de CiU en las generales es El País Barcelona 27 July 202622 October 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/10/22/catalunya/940554443_850215.html Molins descarta volver a Madrid, mientras que Trias se afianza es El País Barcelona 27 July 2026 EAJ/PNV List on Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 50px Iñaki Anasagasti Basque nationalismChristian democracy 1.3% 5 1.3% 4 CC List on Canarian Independent Groups (AIC)– Tenerife Group of Independents (ATI)– La Palma Group of Independents (API)– Gomera Group of Independents (AGI) Nationalist Canarian Initiative (ICAN) Nationalist Canarian Centre (CCN) Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC) Independent Herrenian Group (AHI) Majorera Assembly (AM) 50px José Carlos Mauricio RegionalismCanarian nationalismCentrism 0.9% 4 0.6% 0 IC–V List on Initiative for Catalonia–Greens (IC–V) 50px Joan Saura RegionalismEco-socialismGreen politics 1.2%Results for IC–EV in the 1996 election. 2 colspan="2" Contestedin alliance"Entesa" PSC–PSOE, IC–V and ERC contested the 2000 Senate election within the Entesa alliance. Rusiñol Pere 18 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/18/catalunya/948161244_850215.html Saura obtiene sólo el 67% de los votos en las primarias de IC-V es El País Barcelona 30 July 2026 BNG List on Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)– Galician People's Union (UPG)– Socialist Collective (CS)– Galician Nationalist Party–Galicianist Party (PNG–PG)– Nationalist Left (EN)– Inzar (Inzar)– Galician Unity (UG) 50px Francisco Rodríguez Galician nationalismLeft-wing nationalismSocialism 0.9% 2 1.0% 0 ERC List on Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 50px Joan Puigcercós Catalan independenceLeft-wing nationalismSocial democracy 0.7% 1 colspan="2" Contestedin alliance"Entesa" Company, Enric 9 October 1996 Colom y Rahola se escinden de ERC para crear un nuevo partido independentista https://elpais.com/diario/1996/10/09/espana/844812021_850215.html es El País Barcelona 18 November 202521 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/21/catalunya/945742048_850215.html Puigcercós encabezará la lista de ERC al Congreso es El País Barcelona 27 July 2026 EA List on Basque Solidarity (EA) 50px Begoña Lasagabaster Basque nationalismSocial democracy 0.5% 1 0.5% 0 UV List on Valencian Union (UV) 50px José María Chiquillo BlaverismConservatism 0.4% 1 0.4% 0 24 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/24/cvalenciana/948745083_850215.html UV decide concurrir en solitario a las elecciones y Chiquillo se perfila como su candidato al Congreso es El País Valencia 27 July 2026 PA List on Andalusian Party (PA) 50px José Núñez Andalusian nationalismSocial democracy 0.5% 0 0.6% 0 Pedrote Isabel 10 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/10/andalucia/944781723_850215.html El PA aspira a formar un grupo parlamentario en el Congreso con canarios, aragoneses y valencianos es El País Seville 27 July 2026 CHA List on Aragonese Union (CHA) 50px José Antonio Labordeta Aragonese nationalismEco-socialism 0.2% 0 0.2% 0 PSC–ERC–ICV List on Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV) 50px Mercedes Aroz CatalanismSocial democracyEco-socialism colspan="2" Did not contest 7.9%Results for PSC–PSOE (6.0%, 8 senators), IC–EV (1.2%, 0 senators) and ERC (0.7%, 0 senators) in the 1996 Senate election. 8 Rusiñol Pere 12 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/12/catalunya/947642845_850215.html La izquierda catalana se presentará unida al Senado y formará grupo al margen del PSOE es El País Barcelona 27 July 2026Rusiñol Pere 15 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/15/catalunya/947902044_850215.html La izquierda se presentará al Senado bajo la denominación de Entesa Catalana de Progrés es El País Barcelona 27 July 2026Company, Enric 25 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/25/catalunya/948766060_850215.html Los partidos de izquierda sellan su pacto para el Senado es El País Barcelona 27 July 2026 Pacte List on Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)"Ib+Form" In Ibiza–Formentera. United Left (EU)"Ib+Form" Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement (ENE) Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)"Ib+Form" The Greens of Ibiza (EV–Eiv) 50px Fanny Tur Progressivism colspan="2" Did not contest 0.2% 1 PIL List on Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL) 50px Dimas Martín InsularismCanarian nationalism colspan="2" Did not contest 0.2% 1 PAR List on Aragonese Party (PAR) 50px Antonio Serrano RegionalismCentrism colspan="4" Contested in allianceThe PAR (1 deputy and 3 senators) contested the 1996 election in alliance with the PP. Not contesting EH List on Popular Unity (HB)– Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) Stand Up (Zutik) 50px Arnaldo Otegi Basque independenceAbertzale leftRevolutionary socialism 0.7%"HB" Results for HB in the 1996 election. 2 0.8%"HB" 0 Ormazabal Mikel Martínez Isabel Cristina 18 October 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/10/18/espana/940197626_850215.html HB promueve la abstención en las generales para frenar "el intrusismo español" es El País Vitoria / San Sebastián 20 March 20251 November 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/01/espana/941410803_850215.html Críticas unánimes a la decisión de HB de abstenerse en las elecciones es El País San Sebastián 20 March 2025 The election was marked by the exploration of joint candidacies between the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and other parties in the left of the political spectrum. One such example was in Catalonia, where a left-wing alliance came to fruition between the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative for Catalonia–Greens (IC–V) under the Catalan Agreement of Progress label,Company, Enric 11 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/11/catalunya/944878045_850215.html Los socialistas rechazan ir con Ciutadans pel Canvi a las elecciones legislativas es El País Barcelona 27 July 2026 aiming to mirror the success of a similar alliance between the PSC and IC–V in the 1999 Catalan regional election.Rusiñol Pere 4 September 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/09/04/catalunya/936407244_850215.html Maragall ve el pacto con IC-V como un paso hacia la creación de partidos amplios es El País Barcelona 27 July 2026Torres Manel 21 November 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/21/catalunya/943150039_850215.html El PSC e IC-V estudian repetir la coalición en las generales es El País Barcelona 27 July 2026 Ahead of the Senate election in Ibiza and Formentera, PSOE, United Left of the Balearic Islands (EUIB), The Greens (LV), Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement (ENE) and ERC formed the Pact for Ibiza and Formentera.Herrera Milena 20 January 2000 https://www.periodicodeibiza.es/pitiusas/local/2000/01/20/930813/el-pp-elige-esta-semana-candidatos-sin-que-el-pacte-haya-cerrado-aun-un-acuerdo.html El PP elige esta semana candidatos sin que el Pacte haya cerrado aún un acuerdo es Periódico de Ibiza y Formentera 27 July 2026Marí M. 30 January 2000 https://www.periodicodeibiza.es/pitiusas/local/2000/01/30/929189/els-verds-de-eivissa-se-integran-en-la-candidatura-unitaria-al-senado.html Els Verds de Eivissa se integran en la candidatura unitaria al Senado es Periódico de Ibiza y Formentera 27 July 2026Herrera Milena 25 February 2000 https://www.periodicodeibiza.es/pitiusas/local/2000/02/25/925089/pacte-y-pp-convencidos-de-ganar-el-disputado-escano-del-senado.html Pacte y PP, convencidos de ganar el disputado escaño del Senado es Periódico de Ibiza y Formentera 27 July 2026 Various attempts at forming a joint left-wing candidacy for the Senate in the Valencian Community were unsuccessful,Caballer Neus 14 November 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/14/cvalenciana/942610691_850215.html Principio de acuerdo de la izquierda para la candidatura única al Senado es El País Valencia 27 July 2026Ferrandis Joaquín 4 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/04/cvalenciana/944338685_850215.html El PSPV enfría las posibilidades de lograr un acuerdo al Senado con el resto de partidos es El País Valencia 27 July 2026Olivares Miguel 10 December 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/12/10/cvalenciana/944857091_850215.html La izquierda se muestra incapaz de pactar una lista única para el Senado es El País Valencia 27 July 2026 primarily due to disagreement over the label and format of such an alliance.Ferrandis Joaquín 18 November 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/18/cvalenciana/942956287_850215.html El PSPV sólo aceptará una lista al Senado con EU bajo sus siglas es El País Valencia 27 July 2026Bono Ferran 28 November 1999 https://elpais.com/diario/1999/11/28/cvalenciana/943820283_850215.html El Consell Nacional de EU aprueba la "entesa" de la izquierda para el Senado bajo siglas unitarias es El País Valencia 27 July 2026Ferrandis Joaquín 27 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/27/cvalenciana/949004285_850215.html EU y Bloc, dispuestos a reabrir la negociación sobre la 'Entesa' al Senado con los socialistas es El País Valencia 27 July 202629 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/29/cvalenciana/949177082_850215.html La ausencia de acuerdo entre PSOE e IU en Madrid frustra la posible 'Entesa' al Senado es El País Valencia 27 July 2026 Nationwide, an agreement was reached between the national leaderships of PSOE and United Left, under which both parties agreed to cooperate in the Senate elections for 27 constituencies: in those districts, and taking consideration of the Senate electoral system allowing up to three votes to each voter, the PSOE would field two candidates to one from IU, with the parties urging voters to cast their votes as if it were a joint list of three.Díez Anabel Elordi Cué Carlos 2 February 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/02/espana/949446003_850215.html PSOE e IU cierran un pacto para el Senado y descartan presentarse juntos al Congreso es El País Madrid 27 July 2026Díez Anabel 7 February 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/07/espana/949878003_850215.html PSOE e IU cerraron anoche el pacto para el Senado en 27 provincias es El País Madrid 27 July 2026 The PSOE also offered IU a similar agreement for the Congress of Deputies, wherein IU would not run in 34 constituencies where it would unlikely win a seat on its own,Díez Anabel 25 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/25/espana/948754821_850215.html Almunia ofrece a IU un pacto de gobierno es El País Madrid 27 July 2026 with a later offer reducing the number to 14.Díez Anabel 29 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/29/espana/949100419_850215.html El PSOE rebaja de 34 a 14 las provincias en las que pide a IU que retire sus listas es El País Madrid 27 July 2026 These offers were both rejected.Díez Anabel Elordi Cué Carlos 29 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/28/espana/949014008_850215.html PSOE e IU descartan la coalición pero acercan posiciones para un programa común es El País Madrid 27 July 2026Elordi Cué Carlos 29 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/29/espana/949100403_850215.html IU centró su estrategia en forzar una coalición en algunas provincias es El País Madrid 27 July 2026 Basque Citizens (EH), the Basque electoral coalition including Herri Batasuna, called for election boycott and urged its supporters to abstain.Muez Mikel 30 January 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/30/espana/949186806_850215.html EH presentará listas para usar los espacios electorales es El País Pamplona 27 July 2026Gastaminza Genoveva 9 February 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/09/espana/950050822_850215.html HB despliega una candidatura de presos y dirigentes de su Mesa Nacional para propugnar la abstención es El País San Sebastián 27 July 2026Muez Mikel 27 February 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/27/espana/951606009_850215.html Batzarre deja EH porque ETA ha puesto Lizarra "patas arriba" es El País Pamplona 27 July 2026 Campaign Party slogans Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Ref. References PP « Vamos a más » "We go further" EFE 17 February 2004 https://www.libertaddigital.com/nacional/un-mapa-de-espana-y-el-eslogan-juntos-vamos-a-mas-seran-las-claves-en-la-campana-electoral-del-pp-1276215219/ Un mapa de España y el eslogan "Juntos vamos a más" serán las claves en la campaña electoral del PP es Libertad Digital 27 July 2026 PSOE–p « Lo próximo » "What comes next" Díez Anabel 6 February 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/06/espana/949791601_850215.html IU exige al PSOE que no pida "el voto útil" es El País Madrid 27 July 2026 IU « Somos necesarios » "We are necessary" 12 May 2016 http://sabemos.es/2016/05/12/16832_16832/ Así naufragó la alianza PSOE-IU en las generales del 2000 es sabemos.es Sabemos 27 January 2019 28 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190128030429/http://sabemos.es/2016/05/12/16832_16832/ dead CiU « La força positiva » "The positive force" 3 December 2015 https://www.elconfidencial.com/multimedia/album/elecciones-generales/2015-12-03/de-1977-a-2015-los-carteles-electorales-de-la-democracia_1112217 De 1977 a 2015, los carteles electorales de la democracia es El Confidencial 27 July 2026Julve Rafa 17 December 2015 https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20151217/carteles-electorales-convergencia-unio-elecciones-generales-4743975 Los carteles de Convergència y de Unió para las elecciones generales desde 1982 es El Periódico de Catalunya Barcelona 27 July 2026 BNG « Galiza, coa capacidade de decidir » "Galiza, with the ability to decide" Hermida Xosé 26 February 2000 https://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/26/espana/951519628_850215.html El BNG aclara que su apoyo a un Gobierno progresista no sería "un cheque en blanco" es El País Santiago de Compostela 27 July 2026 Opinion polls Opinion polling for the 2000 Spanish general election OpinionPollingSpainGeneralElection2000.svg 750px Local regression trend line of poll results from 3 March 1996 to 12 March 2000, with each line corresponding to a political party. Voter turnout The table below shows registered voter turnout during the election. Figures for election day do not include non-resident citizens, while final figures do. Region Time (Election day) Final 14:00 18:00 20:00 1996 2000 +/– 1996 2000 +/– 1996 2000 +/– 1996 2000 +/– Andalusia 41.48% 36.72% −4.76 65.17% 56.12% −9.05 78.48% 69.77% −8.71 78.00% 68.77% −9.23 Aragon 42.09% 38.45% −3.64 62.80% 56.90% −5.90 77.90% 72.25% −5.65 77.46% 71.39% −6.07 Asturias 38.05% 34.39% −3.66 62.12% 55.25% −6.87 77.06% 69.36% −7.70 75.91% 66.99% −8.92 Balearic Islands 39.45% 34.96% −4.49 59.38% 49.86% −9.52 71.91% 61.91% −10.00 71.63% 61.43% −10.20 Basque Country 37.20% 35.42% −1.78 56.42% 50.98% −5.44 71.91% 64.51% −7.40 71.53% 63.84% −7.69 Canary Islands 29.56% 26.00% −3.56 50.42% 42.45% −7.97 69.79% 61.63% −8.16 69.14% 60.67% −8.47 Cantabria 39.30% 35.24% −4.06 64.88% 58.14% −6.74 80.12% 73.34% −6.78 79.31% 71.81% −7.50 Castile and León 40.91% 38.95% −1.96 65.19% 59.97% −5.22 79.94% 74.37% −5.57 79.01% 72.57% −6.44 Castilla–La Mancha 43.72% 40.10% −3.62 69.54% 61.86% −7.68 83.43% 77.03% −6.40 83.09% 76.31% −6.78 Catalonia 39.93% 34.11% −5.82 61.05% 49.71% −11.34 76.98% 64.70% −12.28 76.52% 64.01% −12.51 Extremadura 46.53% 43.40% −3.13 69.61% 62.54% −7.07 82.96% 76.67% −6.29 82.33% 75.42% −6.91 Galicia 33.09% 31.86% −1.23 60.03% 55.61% −4.42 73.84% 69.49% −4.35 71.40% 65.02% −6.38 La Rioja 44.34% 42.65% −1.69 65.91% 60.08% −5.83 81.53% 75.44% −6.09 80.92% 74.21% −6.71 Madrid 39.12% 37.12% −2.00 65.01% 57.63% −7.38 80.18% 73.43% −6.75 79.59% 72.08% −7.51 Murcia 45.01% 40.40% −4.61 70.04% 60.96% −9.08 82.52% 74.49% −8.03 82.00% 73.54% −8.46 Navarre 35.51% 35.76% +0.25 57.37% 52.74% −4.63 74.07% 67.16% −6.91 73.45% 66.07% −7.38 Valencian Community 45.75% 41.70% −4.05 68.81% 59.95% −8.86 82.13% 73.39% −8.74 81.66% 72.70% −8.96 Ceuta 33.51% 28.48% −5.03 50.74% 42.62% −8.12 64.29% 56.20% −8.09 63.81% 55.15% −8.66 Melilla 32.21% 27.01% −5.20 49.73% 42.34% −7.39 62.84% 55.93% −6.91 61.95% 54.00% −7.95 Total 40.10% 36.50% −3.60 63.45% 55.45% −8.00 78.08% 70.00% −8.08 77.38% 68.71% −8.67 Sourceshttps://infoelectoral.interior.gob.es/es/elecciones-celebradas/resultados-electorales/ Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales es Ministry of the Interior 15 April 2022 5 August 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240805154842/https://infoelectoral.interior.gob.es/es/elecciones-celebradas/resultados-electorales/ dead Results Congress of Deputies results by autonomous community/constituency Results of the 2000 Spanish Congress election + ← Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 10,321,178 44.52 +5.73 183 +27 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives (PSOE–p) 7,918,752 34.16 −3.47 125 −16 United Left (IU)1 1,263,043 5.45 −3.90 8 −11 Convergence and Union (CiU) 970,421 4.19 −0.41 15 −1 Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 353,953 1.53 +0.26 7 +2 Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) 306,268 1.32 +0.44 3 +1 Canarian Coalition (CC) 248,261 1.07 +0.19 4 ±0 Andalusian Party (PA) 206,255 0.89 +0.35 1 +1 Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 194,715 0.84 +0.17 1 ±0 Initiative for Catalonia–Greens (IC–V)2 119,290 0.51 −0.68 1 −1 Basque Solidarity (EA) 100,742 0.43 −0.03 1 ±0 Aragonese Union (CHA) 75,356 0.33 +0.13 1 +1 Liberal Independent Group (GIL) 72,162 0.31 New 0 ±0 The Greens (Verdes)3 70,906 0.31 +0.15 0 ±0 Valencian Nationalist Bloc–The Greens–Valencians for Change (BNV–EV)4 58,551 0.25 +0.06 0 ±0 Valencian Union (UV) 57,830 0.25 −0.12 0 −1 Leonese People's Union (UPL) 41,690 0.18 +0.13 0 ±0 Aragonese Party (PAR) 38,883 0.17 New 0 ±0 Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS) 23,576 0.10 −0.08 0 ±0 PSM–Nationalist Agreement (PSM–EN) 23,482 0.10 ±0.00 0 ±0 The Eco-pacifist Greens (LVEP) 22,220 0.10 New 0 ±0 The Greens of the Community of Madrid (LVCM) 21,087 0.09 +0.06 0 ±0 The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) 20,618 0.09 +0.02 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 19,683 0.08 +0.03 0 ±0 Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 18,290 0.08 +0.06 0 ±0 Natural Law Party (PLN) 17,372 0.07 New 0 ±0 The Phalanx (FE) 14,431 0.06 New 0 ±0 Asturian Renewal Union (URAS) 13,360 0.06 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 12,898 0.06 ±0.00 0 ±0 Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)5 12,208 0.05 +0.04 0 ±0 The Greens–Green Alternative (EV–AV) 11,579 0.05 New 0 ±0 Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL) 10,323 0.04 New 0 ±0 Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) 9,562 0.04 New 0 ±0 Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 9,136 0.04 New 0 ±0 Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (CDN) 8,646 0.04 −0.03 0 ±0 Majorcan Union–Independents of Menorca (UM–INME) 8,372 0.04 +0.01 0 ±0 Andalusian Left (IA) 8,175 0.04 New 0 ±0 Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 (FEI–FE 2000) 6,621 0.03 +0.02 0 ±0 Localist Bloc of Melilla (BLM) 6,514 0.03 New 0 ±0 Riojan Party (PR) 6,155 0.03 +0.01 0 ±0 Asturianist Party (PAS) 5,876 0.03 −0.02 0 ±0 Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) 5,683 0.02 ±0.00 0 ±0 United Extremadura (EU) 4,771 0.02 New 0 ±0 Party of Self-employed and Professionals (AUTONOMO) 4,218 0.02 New 0 ±0 Independent Candidacy–The Party of Castile and León (CI–PCL) 4,184 0.02 New 0 ±0 Catalan State (EC) 3,356 0.01 New 0 ±0 Andalusian Nation (NA) 3,262 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0 Galician Democracy (DG) 2,958 0.01 New 0 ±0 Republican Action (AR) 2,858 0.01 +0.01 0 ±0 Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) 2,759 0.01 New 0 ±0 Andalusia Assembly (A) 2,727 0.01 New 0 ±0 Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Independents (EL–PAPI) 2,713 0.01 New 0 ±0 Extremaduran Coalition (PREx–CREx) 2,371 0.01 −0.02 0 ±0 Galician Coalition (CG) 2,361 0.01 New 0 ±0 Zamoran People's Union (UPZ) 2,347 0.01 New 0 ±0 Galician People's Front (FPG) 2,252 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0 Carlist Party (PC) 2,131 0.01 New 0 ±0 Salamanca–Zamora–León–PREPAL (PREPAL) 2,118 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0 Cantabrian Nationalist Council (CNC) 2,103 0.01 New 0 ±0 Andecha Astur (AA) 2,036 0.01 New 0 ±0 Self-employed Spanish Party (PEDA) 1,904 0.01 New 0 ±0 Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) 1,716 0.01 New 0 ±0 Party Association of Widows and Legal Wives (PAVIEL) 1,690 0.01 New 0 ±0 Republican Left–Left Republican Party (IR–PRE) 1,541 0.01 New 0 ±0 Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows (PAE) 1,462 0.01 +0.01 0 ±0 Independent Salamancan Union (USI) 1,416 0.01 New 0 ±0 Independent Socialists of Extremadura (SIEx) 1,412 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0 Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM) 1,363 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0 Caló Nationalist Party (PNCA) 1,331 0.01 New 0 ±0 Party of El Bierzo (PB) 1,191 0.01 +0.01 0 ±0 Asturian Left Bloc (BIA) 1,085 0.00 New 0 ±0 Aragonese Initiative (INAR) 1,057 0.00 New 0 ±0 Progressives of Canaries Unity (UP–CAN) 980 0.00 New 0 ±0 Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV) 920 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 Almerian Regionalist Union (URAL) 838 0.00 New 0 ±0 Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC) 788 0.00 −0.01 0 ±0 European Nation State (N) 710 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 Liberal and Social Democratic Coalition (CSD–L) 650 0.00 New 0 ±0 Citizens' Convergence of the South-East (CCSE) 645 0.00 New 0 ±0 Federal Progressives (PF) 609 0.00 New 0 ±0 New Region (NR) 598 0.00 −0.01 0 ±0 Christian Positivist Party (PPCr) 546 0.00 New 0 ±0 Balearic People's Union (UPB) 524 0.00 New 0 ±0 Voice of the Andalusian People (VDPA) 493 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 Independent Initiative (II) 425 0.00 New 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) 400 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 Iberian Union (UNIB) 388 0.00 New 0 ±0 New Force (FN) 343 0.00 New 0 ±0 Social and Autonomist Liberal Group (ALAS) 339 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 Balearic Islands Renewal Party (PRIB) 334 0.00 New 0 ±0 Pensionist Assembly of the Canaries (TPC) 319 0.00 New 0 ±0 National Union (UN) 314 0.00 New 0 ±0 Cives (Cives) 206 0.00 New 0 ±0 Movement for Humanist Socialism (MASH) 121 0.00 New 0 ±0 Democratic Party of the People (PDEP) 85 0.00 New 0 ±0 Nationalist Aprome (Aprome) 60 0.00 New 0 ±0 Basque Citizens (EH)6 0 0.00 −0.72 0 −2 Blank ballots 366,823 1.58 +0.61 Total 23,181,290 350 ±0 Valid votes 23,181,290 99.32 −0.18 Invalid votes 158,200 0.68 +0.18 Votes cast / turnout 23,339,490 68.71 −8.67 Abstentions 10,630,150 31.29 +8.67 Registered voters 33,969,640 SourcesLozano Carles https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e2000.html Elecciones Generales 12 de marzo de 2000 es Historia Electoral.com 25 August 20254 April 2000 Acuerdo de 29 de marzo de 2000, de la Junta Electoral Central, por el que se ordena la publicación del resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 64/2000, de 17 de enero, y celebradas el 12 de marzo de 2000, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las distintas Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2000/04/04/pdfs/A14166-14194.pdf es Official State Gazette 81 0212-033X 14166–14194 19 October 202528 April 2000 Acuerdo de 10 de abril de 2000, de la Junta Electoral Central, de publicación de corrección de errores del resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado, convocadas por Real Decreto 64/2000, de 17 de enero, y celebradas el 12 de marzo de 2000, según los datos que figuran en las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos, remitidas por las distintas Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2000/04/28/pdfs/A16593-16593.pdf es Official State Gazette 102 0212-033X 16593 19 October 2025 left Footnotes: 1 United Left does not include Initiative for Catalonia results in Catalonia. 2 Initiative for Catalonia–Greens results are compared to Initiative for Catalonia totals in the 1996 election, only in Catalonia. 3 The Greens does not include results in the Valencian Community. 4 Valencian Nationalist Bloc–The Greens–Valencians for Change results are compared to the combined totals of Valencian People's Union–Nationalist Bloc and The Greens of the Valencian Country in the 1996 election. 5 Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to Republican Coalition totals in the 1996 election. 6 Basque Citizens results are compared to Popular Unity totals in the 1996 election. EH called for election boycott and urged its supporters to abstain. Popular vote #ddd 550px 500px PP People's Party (Spain) 44.52 PSOE–p Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 34.16 IU United Left (Spain) 5.45 CiU Convergence and Union 4.19 EAJ/PNV Basque Nationalist Party 1.53 BNG Galician Nationalist Bloc 1.32 CC Canarian Coalition 1.07 PA Andalusian Party 0.89 ERC Republican Left of Catalonia 0.84 IC–V Initiative for Catalonia Greens 0.51 EA Eusko Alkartasuna 0.43 CHA Chunta Aragonesista 0.33 Others #777777 3.18 Blank ballots #DDDDDD 1.58 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PP People's Party (Spain) 52.29 PSOE–p Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 35.71 CiU Convergence and Union 4.29 IU United Left (Spain) 2.29 EAJ/PNV Basque Nationalist Party 2.00 CC Canarian Coalition 1.14 BNG Galician Nationalist Bloc 0.89 PA Andalusian Party 0.29 ERC Republican Left of Catalonia 0.29 IC–V Initiative for Catalonia Greens 0.29 EA Eusko Alkartasuna 0.29 CHA Chunta Aragonesista 0.29 Senate + ← Summary of the 12 March 2000 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 28,097,204 45.35 +6.31 127 +15 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives (PSOE–p)1 16,323,744 26.35 −5.35 53 −20 United Left (IU)2 4,752,113 7.67 −1.13 0 ±0 Catalan Agreement of Progress (PSC–ERC–IC–V)3 3,718,949 6.00 −1.88 8 ±0 Convergence and Union (CiU) 2,809,367 4.53 −0.34 8 ±0 Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 1,022,057 1.65 +0.31 6 +2 Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) 887,326 1.43 +0.45 0 ±0 Andalusian Party (PA) 577,849 0.93 +0.32 0 ±0 Canarian Coalition (CC) 438,149 0.71 +0.14 5 +4 Basque Solidarity (EA) 294,145 0.47 −0.02 0 ±0 Liberal Independent Group (GIL) 215,285 0.35 New 0 ±0 Aragonese Union (CHA) 186,411 0.30 +0.10 0 ±0 The Greens (Verdes)4 181,453 0.29 +0.15 0 ±0 Valencian Union (UV) 174,419 0.28 −0.13 0 ±0 Leonese People's Union (UPL) 126,859 0.20 +0.13 0 ±0 Aragonese Party (PAR) 123,176 0.20 New 0 ±0 Valencian Nationalist Bloc–The Greens–Valencians for Change (BNV–EV)5 83,006 0.13 −0.06 0 ±0 Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 70,979 0.11 +0.07 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 67,228 0.11 +0.07 0 ±0 Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS) 65,024 0.10 −0.09 0 ±0 The Greens of the Community of Madrid (LVCM) 55,357 0.09 +0.07 0 ±0 Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)6 51,185 0.08 +0.06 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 50,326 0.08 +0.03 0 ±0 The Greens–Green Alternative (EV–AV) 49,799 0.08 New 0 ±0 The Eco-pacifist Greens (LVEP) 49,326 0.08 New 0 ±0 The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) 45,248 0.07 −0.03 0 ±0 PSM–Nationalist Agreement (PSM–EN) 44,953 0.07 ±0.00 0 ±0 Asturian Renewal Union (URAS) 41,829 0.07 New 0 ±0 The Phalanx (FE) 35,655 0.06 New 0 ±0 The Greens–Green Option (EV–OV) 34,601 0.06 New 0 ±0 Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) 32,066 0.05 New 0 ±0 Progressive Pact (Pacte–PPM)7 30,619 0.05 +0.02 0 −1 Majorcan Union (UM) 26,275 0.04 +0.01 0 ±0 Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 (FEI–FE 2000) 24,964 0.04 +0.02 0 ±0 Andalusian Left (IA) 23,688 0.04 New 0 ±0 Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (CDN) 22,952 0.04 New 0 ±0 Asturianist Party (PAS) 20,005 0.03 −0.03 0 ±0 Riojan Party (PR) 19,667 0.03 ±0.00 0 ±0 United Extremadura (EU) 18,937 0.03 New 0 ±0 Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) 18,387 0.03 +0.01 0 ±0 Catalan State (EC) 17,825 0.03 New 0 ±0 Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 17,400 0.03 New 0 ±0 New Force (FN) 15,452 0.02 New 0 ±0 Alliance for Development and Nature (ADN) 15,378 0.02 New 0 ±0 Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Independents (EL–PAPI) 15,340 0.02 New 0 ±0 Bounced Public Workers (TPR) 15,094 0.02 New 0 ±0 Natural Law Party (PLN) 14,211 0.02 New 0 ±0 Galician Democracy (DG) 13,693 0.02 New 0 ±0 Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL) 13,528 0.02 ±0.00 1 ±0 Localist Bloc of Melilla (BLM) 13,060 0.02 New 0 ±0 Republican Action (AR) 12,531 0.02 +0.01 0 ±0 Independent Candidacy–The Party of Castile and León (CI–PCL) 12,215 0.02 New 0 ±0 Republican Left–Left Republican Party (IR–PRE) 12,207 0.02 New 0 ±0 Castilian Left (IzCa) 11,921 0.02 New 0 ±0 Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)8 11,828 0.02 +0.01 0 ±0 Andalusia Assembly (A) 10,988 0.02 New 0 ±0 Party of Self-employed and Professionals (AUTONOMO) 10,863 0.02 New 0 ±0 Party Association of Widows and Legal Wives (PAVIEL) 9,240 0.01 New 0 ±0 Andecha Astur (AA) 8,925 0.01 New 0 ±0 Salamanca–Zamora–León–PREPAL (PREPAL) 8,691 0.01 −0.01 0 ±0 Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) 8,433 0.01 New 0 ±0 Zamoran People's Union (UPZ) 7,928 0.01 New 0 ±0 Andalusian Nation (NA) 7,821 0.01 −0.01 0 ±0 Galician People's Front (FPG) 7,748 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0 Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) 7,258 0.01 New 0 ±0 Iberian Union (UNIB) 6,760 0.01 New 0 ±0 Carlist Party (PC) 6,421 0.01 New 0 ±0 Self-employed Spanish Party (PEDA) 5,985 0.01 New 0 ±0 Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV) 5,837 0.01 +0.01 0 ±0 Iberian Unity (UI) 5,767 0.01 +0.01 0 ±0 Asturian Left Bloc (BIA) 5,550 0.01 New 0 ±0 Independent Salamancan Union (USI) 5,018 0.01 New 0 ±0 Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) 4,624 0.01 New 0 ±0 Aragonese Initiative (INAR) 4,244 0.01 New 0 ±0 Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM) 4,204 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0 Natural Culture (CN) 4,010 0.01 ±0.00 0 ±0 Almerian Regionalist Union (URAL) 3,951 0.01 New 0 ±0 Cantabrian Nationalist Council (CNC) 3,929 0.01 New 0 ±0 Galician Coalition (CG) 3,153 0.01 New 0 ±0 Party of El Bierzo (PB) 2,409 0.00 −0.01 0 ±0 Immigrants with the Right to Equality and Obligations (INDIO) 2,272 0.00 New 0 ±0 Pensionist Assembly of the Canaries (TPC) 1,972 0.00 New 0 ±0 Christian Positivist Party (PPCr) 1,911 0.00 New 0 ±0 Spanish New Republicans (NURP) 1,878 0.00 New 0 ±0 Progressives of Canaries Unity (UP–CAN) 1,847 0.00 New 0 ±0 Federal Progressives (PF) 1,787 0.00 New 0 ±0 Liberal and Social Democratic Coalition (CSD–L) 1,741 0.00 New 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) 1,630 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 European Nation State (N) 1,601 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 European Green Group (GVE) 1,532 0.00 New 0 ±0 Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC) 1,511 0.00 −0.01 0 ±0 Balearic People's Union (UPB) 1,413 0.00 New 0 ±0 Independent Initiative (II) 1,374 0.00 New 0 ±0 Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows (PAE) 1,087 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 Voice of the Andalusian People (VDPA) 1,007 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 Social and Autonomist Liberal Group (ALAS) 895 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 Cives (Cives) 889 0.00 New 0 ±0 New Region (NR) 874 0.00 −0.01 0 ±0 Movement for Humanist Socialism (MASH) 869 0.00 New 0 ±0 Spanish Action (AE) 817 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 Citizens' Convergence of the South-East (CCSE) 699 0.00 New 0 ±0 Balearic Islands Renewal Party (PRIB) 687 0.00 New 0 ±0 National Union (UN) 491 0.00 New 0 ±0 Nationalist Aprome (Aprome) 154 0.00 New 0 ±0 Clean Hands Project (PML) 0 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0 Blank ballotsThe percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party. 642,682 2.82 +0.85 Total 61,955,642 208 ±0 Valid votes 22,799,475 97.51 +0.10 Invalid votes 583,192 2.49 −0.10 Votes cast / turnout 23,382,667 68.83 −8.50 Abstentions 10,586,973 31.17 +8.50 Registered voters 33,969,640 SourcesLozano Carles https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e2000comp.html#s Elecciones al Senado 2000 es Historia Electoral.com 25 August 2025 left Footnotes: 1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives results are compared to Spanish Socialist Workers' Party totals in the 1996 election, not including results in Catalonia. 2 United Left does not include Initiative for Catalonia results in Catalonia. 3 Catalan Agreement of Progress results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, United Left and Republican Left of Catalonia in Catalonia in the 1996 election. 4 The Greens does not include results in the Valencian Community. 5 Valencian Nationalist Bloc–The Greens–Valencians for Change results are compared to the combined totals of Valencian People's Union–Nationalist Bloc and The Greens of the Valencian Country in the 1996 election. 6 Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to Republican Coalition totals in the 1996 election. 7 Progressive Pact results are compared to Ibiza and Formentera in the Senate totals in the 1996 election. 8 Republican Left of Catalonia does not include results in Catalonia. Popular vote #ddd 550px 500px PP People's Party (Spain) 45.35 PSOE–p Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 26.35 IU United Left (Spain) 7.67 ECdP Catalan Agreement of Progress 6.00 CiU Convergence and Union 4.53 EAJ/PNV Basque Nationalist Party 1.65 BNG Galician Nationalist Bloc 1.43 CC Canarian Coalition 0.71 PIL Lanzarote Independents Party 0.02 Others #777777 5.25 Blank ballots #DDDDDD 2.82 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PP People's Party (Spain) 61.06 PSOE–p Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 25.48 ECdP Catalan Agreement of Progress 3.85 CiU Convergence and Union 3.85 EAJ/PNV Basque Nationalist Party 2.88 CC Canarian Coalition 2.40 PIL Lanzarote Independents Party 0.48 Maps Aftermath Government formation Second government of José María Aznar InvestitureCongress of DeputiesNomination of José María Aznar (PP) Ballot → 26 April 2000 Required majority → 176 out of 350 15 Yes • PP (183) • CiU (15) • CC (4) 202 350 green 125px No • PSOE (125) • IU (8) • PNV (7) • BNG (3) • PA (1) • ERC (1) • ICV (1) • EA (1) • CHA (1) 148 350 red 125px Abstentions 0 350 gray 125px Absentees 0 350 black 125px SourcesLozano Carles https://www.historiaelectoral.com/congresovota.html Congreso de los Diputados: Votaciones más importantes es Historia Electoral.com 25 August 2025 Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Constitución Española Constitution 27 December 1978 version as of 28 August 1992 Official State Gazette BOE-A-1978-31229 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229&tn=1&p=19920828 27 December 2016 Constitution 1978 y Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General Organic Law 5/1985 19 June 1985 version as of 22 April 1999 Official State Gazette BOE-A-1985-11672 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672&tn=1&p=19990422 28 December 2016 LOREG 1985 y Ley 13/1997, de 25 de abril, por la que pasa a denominarse oficialmente Illes Balears la provincia de Baleares Law 13/1997 25 April 1997 Official State Gazette BOE-A-1997-9019 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1997-9019 19 April 2026 Law 13/1997 1997 y Ley 2/1998, 3 de marzo, sobre el cambio de denominación de las provincias de La Coruña y Orense Law 2/1998 3 March 1998 Official State Gazette BOE-A-1998-5184 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1998-5184 9 April 2026 Law 2/1998 1998 y Real Decreto 64/2000, de 17 de enero, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones Royal Decree 64/2000 17 January 2000 Official State Gazette BOE-A-2000-1001 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2000-1001 1 April 2026 Royal Decree 64/2000 2000 Other Carreras de Odriozola Albert Tafunell Sambola Xavier 2005 1989 Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf es 1 Bilbao Fundación BBVA 1072–1097 II 84-96515-00-1 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf 24 September 2015 dmy-all Whitfield Teresa December 2015 Special Report 384. The Basque Conflict and ETA. The Difficulties of an Ending https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/195389/SR384-The-Basque-Conflict-and-ETA-The-Difficulties-of-An-Ending.pdf United States Institute of Peace 19 March 2025 Sangrador-Vegas Begoña 2020 The Nation in Its Labyrinth: An Introduction to Contemporary Spain since 1898 People's Party (1996-2004): Economic Boom, Immigration and 11-M https://pressbooks.pub/spainthenationinitslabyrinth/chapter/chapter-7-peoples-party-1996-2004-economic-boom-immigratuin-and-11-m/ es Pressbooks Madrid 18 March 2026 External links Category:2000 elections in Spain 2000 Category:March 2000 in Spain