1958 Nobel Prize in Literature

20px 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature Boris Pasternak Swedish Academy 1901 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1958/summary/ 1957 laureate Boris Pasternak 1958 photo.jpg "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition." 23 October 1958 (announcement) 10 December 1958 (ceremony) Stockholm Sweden 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature 1959 The 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the Soviet-Russian author Boris Pasternak (1890–1960) "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition."https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1958/summary/ Nobel Prize in Literature 1958 nobelprize.org He is the second Russian-language writer to be awarded with such honor.https://www.nytimes.com/1958/10/24/archives/nobel-prize-goes-to-pasternak-russians-zhivago-still-unpublished-in.html Nobel Prize Goes to Pasternak; Russian's 'Zhivago' Still Unpublished in Soviet Union 24 October 1958 10 December 2023 The New York Times Werner Wiskari Pasternak first accepted the prize honour, but was then pressured by the Soviet Union authorities to decline the prize. In 1988, Pasternak's son accepted the prize on his behalf.https://lithub.com/when-boris-pasternak-under-fire-from-soviet-authorities-turned-down-a-nobel-prize/ When Boris Pasternak Under Fire From Soviet Authorities Turned Down a Nobel Prize Corinne Segal 29 October 2020 lithub.com Laureate Boris Pasternak Boris Pasternak's modernist-leaning poetry first came to light in the 1910s and 1920s, when he published collections of poems such as Sestra moya—zhizn ("My Sister, Life", 1922) and Vtoroe rozhdenie ("A Second Birth", 1932). He began to emphasize social issues more and use clearer, simpler language in the 1930s. The existential is another theme in Pasternak's writings, covering nature, life, humanity, and love. The renowned 1957 novel Doctor Zhivago, which takes place between the socialist revolution of 1905 and World War II, demonstrates this.Boris Pasternak – Facts nobelprize.org Deliberations Nominations Pasternak earned 9 nominations in total. He was first introduced for the Nobel Prize in 1946 by English literary critic Maurice Bowra. In 1958, after receiving three recommendations from Renato Poggioli, Harry Levin and Ernest Simmons, he was eventually awarded thereafter.Nomination archive – Boris Pasternak nobelprize.org In total, the Nobel Committee for Literature received 70 nominations for 42 authors such as Riccardo Bacchelli, Robert Frost, Graham Greene, André Malraux, Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Alberto Moravia, Jean-Paul Sartre (awarded in 1964), Ignazio Silone, John Steinbeck (awarded in 1962), Giuseppe Ungaretti and Thornton Wilder. Seventeen of the nominees were newly nominated namely Ivo Andrić (awarded in 1961), Fernand Baldensperger, Elizabeth Bowen, Maurice Bowra, James Gould Cozzens, John Hersey, Miroslav Krleža, Junzaburō Nishiwaki, John Cowper Powys, Salvatore Quasimodo (awarded in 1959), Rudolf Alexander Schröder, Georges Simenon, Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Lionel Trilling, Elio Vittorini, Robert Penn Warren and Tennessee Williams. There were only five women authors nominated: Karen Blixen, Edith Sitwell, Elizabeth Bowen, Gertrud von le Fort and Marie Under.Nomination archive – 1958 nobelprize.org The authors Eleanor Hallowell Abbott, Zoe Akins, Mary Ritter Beard, Yahya Kemal Beyatlı, Til Brugman, James Branch Cabell, Rachel Crothers, Anurupa Debi, Lionel Giles, Feodor Gladkov, Michael Joseph, Henry Kuttner, Cyril M. Kornbluth, Irene Lisboa, Dorothy Macardle, Rose Macaulay, George Edward Moore, George Jean Nathan, Seumas O'Sullivan, Elliot Paul, Máiréad "Peig" Sayers, Robert W. Service, John Collings Squire, Marie Stopes, Ralph Waldo Trine, Ethel Turner, Alfred Weber, and Geoffrey Willans died in 1958 without having been nominated for the award. The French literary scholar Fernand Baldensperger died before the only chance to be rewarded. Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize No. Nominee Country Genre(s) Nominator(s) 1 Ivo Andrić (1892–1975) Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia novel, short story, poetry Association of Writers of Yugoslavia 2 Riccardo Bacchelli (1891–1985) Italy novel, drama, essays Hans Nilsson-Ehle (1910–1983) 3 Fernand Baldensperger (1871–1958) French Fourth Republic France essays, literary criticism, poetry Alan Carey Taylor (1905–1975) 4 Karen Blixen (1885–1962) Denmark novel, short story, memoir Elias Wessén (1889–1981) 5 Elizabeth Bowen (1899–1973) IrelandUnited Kingdom novel, short story, essays Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) 6 Maurice Bowra (1898–1971) United Kingdom history, essays, literary criticism, poetry Ernest Ludwig Stahl (1902–1992) 7 Martin Buber (1878–1965) AustriaIsrael philosophy 20px Hermann Hesse (1877–1962) 8 James Gould Cozzens (1903–1978) United States 1912 novel Gordon S. Haight (1901–1985) 9 Gonzague de Reynold (1880–1970) Switzerland history, essays, biography, memoir Pierre-Henri Simon (1903–1972) 10 Robert Frost (1874–1963) United States 1912 poetry, drama W. Cabell Greet (1901–1972) Howard Mumford Jones (1892–1980) Alfred Harbage (1901–1976) Douglas Bush (1896–1983) Leon Edel (1907–1997) 11 Graham Greene (1904–1991) United Kingdom novel, short story, autobiography, essays Kristian Smidt (1916–2013) 12 John Hersey (1914–1993) United States 1912 novel, short story, essays Helen Rose Hull (1888–1971) 13 Miroslav Krleža (1893–1981) Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia poetry, drama, short story, novel, essays Association of Writers of Yugoslavia 14 André Malraux (1901–1976) French Fourth Republic France novel, essays, literary criticism Louis L. Martz (1913–2001) Jean Hytier (1899–1983) Wilbur Merrill Frohock (1908–1984) 15 Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968) Francoist Spain Spain philology, history Alexander A. Parker (1908–1989) Edward Meryon Wilson (1906–1977) Gunnar Tilander (1894–1973) Several professors 16 Alberto Moravia (1907–1990) Italy novel, literary criticism, essays, drama Stuart Pratt Atkins (1914–2000) Hans Nilsson-Ehle (1910–1983) 17 Junzaburō Nishiwaki (1894–1982) Japan poetry, literary criticism Naoshirō Tsuji (1899–1979) 18 Boris Pasternak (1890–1960) Soviet Union poetry, novel, translation Ernest Simmons (1903–1972) Harry Levin (1912–1994) Renato Poggioli (1907–1963) 19 Saint-John Perse (1887–1975) France poetry 20px Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888–1965) Henri Peyre (1901–1988) Archibald MacLeish (1892–1982) American Academy of Arts and Letters 20 John Cowper Powys (1872–1963) United Kingdom philosophy, novel, literary criticism, poetry, essays, short story Enid Starkie (1897–1970) 21 Salvatore Quasimodo (1901–1968) Italy poetry, translation Maurice Bowra (1898–1971) Carlo Bo (1911–2001) Francesco Flora (1891–1962) 22 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) India philosophy, essays, law Nirmal Kumar Sidhanta (1929–2014) 23 Alfonso Reyes Ochoa (1889–1959) Mexico philosophy, essays, novel, poetry Angel del Río (1901–1962) 24 Carl Sandburg (1878–1967) United States 1912 poetry, essays, biography Henning Larsen (1889–1971) 25 Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) French Fourth Republic France philosophy, novel, drama, essays, screenplay Kristian Smidt (1916–2013) 26 Rudolf Alexander Schröder (1878–1962) West Germany poetry, songwriting, translation 20px Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888–1965) Robert Minder (1902–1980) Friedrich Märker (1893–1985) Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts 27 Mikhail Sholokhov (1905–1984) Soviet Union novel Johannes Andreasson Dale (1898–1975) Johannes Edfelt (1904–1997) Harry Martinson (1904–1978) 28 Ignazio Silone (1900–1978) Italy novel, short story, essays, drama Dag Hammarskjöld (1905–1961) Henry Olsson (1896–1985) 29 Georges Simenon (1903–1989) Belgium novel, short story, memoir Justin O'Brien (1906–1968) Fernand Desonay (1899–1973) Belgian Association of Writers 30 Edith Sitwell (1887–1964) United Kingdom poetry, essays, memoir Walter MacKellar (1927–2016) 31 John Steinbeck (1902–1968) United States 1912 novel, short story, screenplay Lennox Grey (1939–2013) 32 Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (1886–1965) Japan novel, short story Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973) 33 Lionel Trilling (1905–1975) United States 1912 essays, literary criticism, short story Charles Warren Everett (1895–1983) 34 Marie Under (1883–1980) Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic Estonia poetry William Kleesmann Matthews (1901–1958) 35 Giuseppe Ungaretti (1888–1970) Italy poetry, essays, literary criticism Howard R. Marraro (1897–1972) 36 Tarjei Vesaas (1897–1970) Norway poetry, novel Harald Beyer (1891–1960) 37 Simon Vestdijk (1898–1971) Netherlands novel, poetry, essays, translation Benjamin Hunningher (1903–1991) 38 Elio Vittorini (1908–1966) Italy novel, short story Stuart Pratt Atkins (1914–2000) 39 Gertrud von Le Fort (1876–1971) West Germany novel, short story, essays, poetry Hermann Kunisch (1901–1991) Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts 40 Robert Penn Warren (1905–1989) United States 1912 novel, poetry, essays, literary criticism René Wellek (1903–1995) 41 Thornton Wilder (1897–1975) United States 1912 drama, novel, short story Jean Boorsch (1906–2008) Heinz Bluhm (1907–1993) Frederick Albert Pottle (1897–1987) Henry D. Hatfield (1875–1962) 42 Tennessee Williams (1911–1983) United States 1912 drama, novel, screenplay, short story, poetry Napier Wilt (1896–1975) Prize decision The main contenders for the prize in 1958 were the Danish author Karen Blixen, Italian novelist Alberto Moravia and Boris Pasternak. Pasternak's recently published novel Doctor Zhivago was decisive for the Nobel committee to unanimously propose Pasternak for the prize he was eventually awarded. The Nobel prize archives shows that no political aspects regarding Pasternak's candidacy were taken in consideration by the Nobel committee during the deliberations and that he was awarded purely on literary merits.https://www.svd.se/a/798fcc24-1f2c-36a2-8589-3280ec580e7e/doktor-zjivago-fick-akademien-att-svanga Doktor Zjivago fick Akademien att svänga Schueler, Kaj 3 January 2009 Svenska Dagbladet Swedish According to The New York Times, the members of the Swedish Academy voted unanimously to award Pasternak. Reactions The choice of Pasternak was heavily criticized by the communist Soviet Union authorities who pressured Pasternak to declined the prize. The prize decision and the Soviet reactions provoked a massive worldwide geopolitical debate,https://www.svd.se/a/gW7bmJ/nobelpriset-som-fick-sovjet-att-mullra Nobelpriset som fick Sovjet att mullra Harrison, Dick 22 October 2020 Svenska Dagbladet Swedish The Swedish primer minister Tage Erlander condemned the Soviet reactions, but also criticized the Swedish Academy for their "wholly (or at least predominantly) political" reasons to award Pasternak. References Category:Boris Pasternak 1958 Nobel