12999 Toruń

Baptistina asteroid October 2019 yes 12999 Toruń #D6D6D6 30 August 1981 E. Bowell Anderson Mesa Stn. (12999) Toruń 1981 QJ 21957 TF1998 QL 8 Toruń (Polish city) main-beltBaptistina 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) 0 59.49 yr (21,730 days) 2.7036 AU 1.8438 AU 2.2737 AU 0.1891 3.43 yr (1,252 days) 168.46° 0.2875 ms / day 5.7705° 152.34° 210.91° 3.523 0.136 km7.96 km (calculated) 3.5521 0.0026 h 0.057 (assumed)0.392 0.028 C 13.773 0.002 (R)13.813.914.22 12999 Toruń, provisional designation 1981 QJ 2, is a carbonaceous Baptistina asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 August 1981, by British–American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell Observatory's Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona, and named after the Polish city of Toruń. Orbit and classification Toruń is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid and a member of the small Baptistina family. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,252 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery was taken at Goethe Link Observatory in 1957, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 24 years prior to its discovery. Physical characteristics thumb|left|upright=0.6|Monument of this asteroid in Toruń, Poland Rotation period A rotational lightcurve of Toruń was obtained from photometric observations at the U.S. Palomar Transient Factory in December 2009. The provisional lightcurve gave a rotation period of 3.5521 0.0026 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.09 in magnitude (U=1). Diameter and albedo According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Toruń measures 3.5 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a very high albedo of 0.39. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) disagrees with the findings by the space-based mission and assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057, with a correspondingly larger diameter of 8.0 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.22. As with 1696 Nurmela, another member of the Baptistina family, CALL assumes this asteroid's composition (also see carbonaceous chondrites) to differ significantly from the much brighter asteroid 298 Baptistina, which is considered to be an interloper in its own family. Naming In 2008, this minor planet was named after the city of Toruń, Poland. It is the birthplace of Nicolaus Copernicus, significant to Polish and European history, a UNESCO World Heritage listed Old Town, and the main site of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, where its observatory at Piwnice, the largest in Poland, is located. The naming followed a suggestion by Polish astronomer T. Michałowski. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center 21 March 2008 (M.P.C. 62354). References 30em 2017-03-31 last obs. JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 12999 Torun (1981 QJ2) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012999 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 5 July 2017 12999 Torun (1981 QJ2) Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=12999 8 April 2016 MPC/MPO/MPS Archive Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html 19 May 2016 12999 19 May 2016 6 A. Mainzer T. Grav J. Masiero E. Hand J. Bauer D. Tholen R. S. McMillan T. Spahr R. M. Cutri E. Wright J. Watkins W. Mo C. Maleszewski November 2011 NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...90M The Astrophysical Journal 741 2 25 2011ApJ...741...90M 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 1109.6407 19 May 2016 6 Adam Waszczak Chan-Kao Chang Eran O. Ofek Russ Laher Frank Masci David Levitan Jason Surace Yu-Chi Cheng Wing-Huen Ip Daisuke Kinoshita George Helou Thomas A. Prince Shrinivas Kulkarni September 2015 Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W The Astronomical Journal 150 3 35 2015AJ....150...75W 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 1504.04041 19 May 2016 6 Joseph R. Masiero A. K. Mainzer T. Grav J. M. Bauer R. M. Cutri J. Dailey P. R. M. Eisenhardt R. S. McMillan T. B. Spahr M. F. Skrutskie D. Tholen R. G. Walker E. L. Wright E. DeBaun D. Elsbury T. IV Gautier S. Gomillion A. Wilkins November 2011 Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M The Astrophysical Journal 741 2 20 2011ApJ...741...68M 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 1109.4096 3 December 2016 External links Baptistina Asteroid Family and K/T Mass Extinction, Vishnu Reddy, 2013 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html 16 December 2017 ) Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR https://web.archive.org/web/20160729213840/http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html 29 July 2016 – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000) – Minor Planet Center 12999 12999 (13000) 1981 QK3 012999 Category:Discoveries by Edward L. G. Bowell Category:Named minor planets 19810830 Category:History of Toruń