1972 Soviet nuclear tests

none List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union 1972 Nuclear Blast Animation Rising Mushroom Cloud.gif Nuclear blast animation Soviet Union Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Kharkiv, Ukraine; Kostanay, Kazakhstan; Murmansk, Russia; NZ Area A, Chyornaya Guba, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; Orenburg, Russia; Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan 1972 23 underground shaft, tunnel 1.1 MtTNT in 1971 Soviet nuclear tests 1973 Soviet nuclear tests 1972 Soviet nuclear tests The Soviet Union's 1972 nuclear test series was a group of 24 nuclear tests conducted in 1972. These testsA bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". V. N. Mikhailov Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing Begell-Atom, LLC http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2013-12-17 https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2014-04-26 dead followed the 1971 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1973 Soviet nuclear tests series. + Soviet Union's 1972 series tests and detonations Name The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known. Date time (UT) Local time zoneTo convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. vTime Zone Historical Database iana.com http://www.ietf.org/timezones/ March 8, 2014 LocationRough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. Elevation + height Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together. Delivery,Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.Purpose Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down. DeviceDesignations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed. YieldEstimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). FalloutRadioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released. References Notes 355355 dmy 1972 2 10 05:03:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1007 50.02495 78.87728 355 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000160000 16 kt Venting detected 356 - 1356 dmy 1972 3 10 04:56:59.8 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 201 49.7453 78.1197 356 - 1 inline 000672672 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000280000 28 kt 356 - 2356 dmy 1972 3 10 04:56:59.8 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 201 49.7453 78.1197 356 - 2 inline 000672672 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 357 - 1357 dmy 1972 3 28 04:22:00.1 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 191 49.7331 78.0757 357 - 1 inline 000655655 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000060000 6 kt 357 - 2357 dmy 1972 3 28 04:22:00.1 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 191 49.7331 78.0757 357 - 2 inline 000655655 m on + tunnel,peaceful research 000000000 unknown yield 357 - 3357 dmy 1972 3 28 04:22:00.1 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 191 49.7331 78.0757 357 - 3 inline 000655655 m on + tunnel,safety experiment 000000010 1000 kg 358 Krator (Crater)358 Krator (Crater) dmy 1972 4 11 06:00:01.9 ASHT (5 hrs) Turkmenistan: ? 36.56173 62.81352 358 Krator (Crater) inline 000000 – 1720 m on underground shaft,extinguishing oil/gas fires 000150000 15 kt Gas fire shaft closure. 359359 dmy 1972 4 20 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 505p 49.84352 78.10513 359 inline 000587587 m on + tunnel,safety experiment 000000010 1000 kg 360360 dmy 1972 6 7 01:28:?? ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 110 49.8267 78.1155 360 inline 000618618 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 361361 dmy 1972 6 7 01:28:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 601 49.77091 77.9914 361 inline 000620620 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000250000 25 kt 362362 dmy 1972 7 6 01:03:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 157-M 49.7375 78.1101 362 inline 000650650 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000015000 1.5 kt 363 Fakel (Torch)363 Fakel (Torch) dmy 1972 7 9 07:00:01.3 MSK (3 hrs) Kharkiv, Ukraine: ? 49.47973 35.49465 363 Fakel (Torch) inline 000000 – 2483 m on underground shaft,extinguishing oil/gas fires 000038000 3.8 kt Gas fire shaft closure. 15 km N Krasnodar, Ukraine. 364364 dmy 1972 7 27 10:00:?? MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area A, Chyornaya Guba, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: Yu-3 70.83 54.15 364 inline 00003030 m on + underground shaft,fundamental science 000100000 10 kt Did not register seismically; may have been a fizzle. 365365 dmy 1972 8 16 03:16:59.8 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 708 49.7655 78.0588 365 inline 000555555 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000080000 8 kt 367367 dmy 1972 8 26 03:46:59.7 ALMT (6 hrs) Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 132 49.98233 77.71601 367 inline 000460460 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000210000 21 kt 368 - 1368 dmy 1972 8 28 05:59:56.87 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-16 73.388 54.847 368 - 1 inline 000000100 m on – 900 m on tunnel,weapons development 011200000 1.1 Mt Venting detected off site, 1 MCi PBq on 368 - 2368 dmy 1972 8 28 05:59:56.9 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-16 73.388 54.847 368 - 2 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 368 - 3368 dmy 1972 8 28 05:59:56.9 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-16 73.388 54.847 368 - 3 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 368 - 4368 dmy 1972 8 28 05:59:56.9 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-16 73.388 54.847 368 - 4 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 369369 dmy 1972 9 2 08:56:59.9 ALMT (6 hrs) Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 128 49.96002 77.64146 369 inline 000460460 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000020000 2 kt 370 Dnepr 1370 Dnepr 1 dmy 1972 9 4 07:00:00.0 MSK (3 hrs) Murmansk, Russia: Dnepr-1 67.79105 33.60823 370 Dnepr 1 inline 000000 – 130 m on tunnel,industrial 000021000 2.1 kt Ore crushing technology. Used methods developed in shots 366 and 415 to keep radioactivity out of broken ore body. 371 Region 1371 Region 1 dmy 1972 9 21 09:00:00.3 SVET (5 hrs) Orenburg, Russia: R-1 52.118 52.068 371 Region 1 inline 000000 – 490 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000023000 2.3 kt Seismic probing program. 21 km SSW Buzuluk. 373373 dmy 1972 11 2 01:27:00.2 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1061 49.92697 78.81725 373 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 001650000 165 kt 374 Region 2374 Region 2 dmy 1972 11 24 09:00:00.0 SVET (5 hrs) Orenburg, Russia: R-2 51.99 51.867 374 Region 2 inline 000000 – 680 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000023000 2.3 kt Seismic probing program. 90 km SSW Buzuluk. 375 Region 5375 Region 5 dmy 1972 11 24 10:00:00.2 ALMT (6 hrs) Kostanay, Kazakhstan: R-5 51.84143 64.21328 375 Region 5 inline 000000 – 425 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000066000 6.6 kt Seismic probing program. 170 km SSE Kustonay. 376 - 1376 dmy 1972 12 10 04:27:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Z-2 49.82353 78.07857 376 - 1 inline 000660660 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000580000 58 kt 376 - 2376 dmy 1972 12 10 04:27:00 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 140 49.8194 78.0582 376 - 2 inline 000646646 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 377377 dmy 1972 12 10 04:27:10.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1204 50.02772 78.99545 377 inline 000000330 m on – 378 m on underground shaft,peaceful research 001400000 140 kt Venting detected 378378 dmy 1972 12 28 04:27:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 25pp 49.74209 78.10206 378 inline 000739739 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield note References RFNC-VNIIEF 1996 USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990 Sarov, Russia The official Russian list of Soviet tests. Podvig Pavel 2001 Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces MIT Press Cambridge, MA 9780262661812 https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRVbYDc-7kC&pg=PA453 January 9, 2014 Cochran Thomas B. Arkin William M. Robert S. Norris Jeffrey I. Sands Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons Harper and Row New York, NY Khalturin Vitaly I. Tatyana G. Rautian Paul G. Richards 2000 10.1007/pl00001153 Chemical explosions during 1961-1989 on the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan Pure and Applied Geophysics 158 143–171 128953780 http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf December 13, 2013 March 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120004/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf dead Yang Xiaoping Robert North Carl Romney August 2000 CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3) SMDC Monitoring Research Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4 December 1, 2004 IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf December 13, 2013 Andrushkin Vitaly V. William Leith September 1, 2001 The containment of Soviet underground nuclear explosions USGS Open File Report 01-312 https://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf December 13, 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130509080818/http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf May 9, 2013 Science and Global Security 13 1 10.1080/08929880590961862 A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955--1990 Vitaly I. Khalturin Tatyana G. Rautian Paul G. Richards William S. Leith http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~richards/my_papers/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf August 12, 2014 10 April 2004 1–42 2005S&GS...13....1K 122069080 Won-Young Kim Paul G. Richards Vitaly Andrushkin Vladimir Ovtchinnikov April 1, 2001 Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 LDEO http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/Monitoring/Data/Brv_arch_ex/brv_text_table.pdf December 13, 2013 1972 Category:1972 in the Soviet Union Category:1972 in military history Category:1972 explosions