1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China

American diplomatic overture to the PRC April 2025 April 2025 1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China center vertical President Richard Nixon and Premier Chou En-Lai Shake Hands at the Nixons' Arrival in Peking, China - DPLA - 315dbcc0e8b46e1bc678fde12bef9eb8.jpg Alt text for image 1 U.S. president Richard Nixon shakes hands with Chinese premier Zhou Enlai at Beijing Capital International Airport. Stamp of Ajman - 1972 - Colnect 945598 - Richard Nixon and Mao Zedong.jpeg Alt text for image 2 Richard Nixon and Mao Zedong commemorative issue 21 to 28 February 1972 Shanghai Beijing Hangzhou State visit President Richard NixonFirst Lady Pat Nixon From February 21 to 28, 1972, the president of the United States Richard Nixon visited Beijing, capital of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the culmination of his administration's efforts to establish relations with the PRC after years of U.S. diplomatic policy that favored the Republic of China in Taiwan.Hughes Ken Richard Nixon: Foreign Affairs https://millercenter.org/president/nixon/foreign-affairs live millercenter.org October 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20170417132149/https://millercenter.org/president/nixon/foreign-affairs April 17, 2017 His visit was the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC, with his arrival ending 23 years of no official diplomatic ties between the two countries. Nixon visited the PRC to gain more leverage over relations with the Soviet Union, following the Sino-Soviet split. The normalization of ties culminated in 1979, when the Carter administration transferred diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing and established full relations with the PRC. When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) gained power over mainland China in 1949 and the Kuomintang retreated to the island of Taiwan (a former Qing prefecture turned Japanese colony that was acquired following the surrender of Japan in 1945) after the de facto end of the Chinese Civil War, the United States continued to recognize the Republic of China (ROC) as the sole government of China, now based out of Taipei. There were no diplomatic relations between Communist China and the United States and relations were hostile. Before his election as president in 1968, former vice president Richard Nixon hinted at establishing a new relationship with the PRC. Early in his first term, Nixon, through his national security advisor Henry Kissinger, sent subtle overtures hinting at warmer relations to the government of the PRC. After a series of these overtures by both countries, Kissinger flew on secret diplomatic missions to Beijing in 1971, where he met with Chinese premier Zhou Enlai. On July 15, 1971, the President announced on live television that he would visit the PRC the following year.This Day in History, July 15, 1971 https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nixon-announces-visit-to-communist-china HISTORY A&E Television Networks July 14, 2020 June 7, 2022 The visit allowed the American public to view images of mainland China for the first time in over two decades. Throughout the week the President and his senior advisers engaged in substantive discussions with the PRC leadership, including a meeting with CCP chairman Mao Zedong, while First Lady Pat Nixon toured schools, factories and hospitals in the cities of Beijing, Hangzhou and Shanghai with the large American press corps in tow. Nixon dubbed his visit "the week that changed the world", a descriptor that continues to echo in the political lexicon. Repercussions of the Nixon visit continue to this day; near-immediate results included a significant shift in the Cold War balance, driving an ideological wedge between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, resulting in significant Soviet concessions and its eventual fall. The consequences of Nixon's trip to China continue to impact politics today. Writing on the 40th anniversary of the trip, Jeffrey Bader said that the basic bargain to put common interests ahead of ideology and values which both Nixon and Mao sought had been substantially held by both the Democratic and Republican parties.Bader Jeffrey A. China and the United States: Nixon's Legacy after 40 Years https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2012/02/23/china-and-the-united-states-nixons-legacy-after-40-years/ Brookings December 1, 2021 February 23, 2012 Also, a "Nixon to China" moment has since become a metaphor to refer to the ability of a politician with an unassailable reputation among their supporters for representing and defending their values to take actions that would draw their criticism and even opposition if taken by someone without those credentials. Visit Historical background thumb|right|Nixon flies to China on Air Force 1. Improved relations with the Soviet Union and the PRC are often cited as the most successful diplomatic achievements of Nixon's presidency.Joan Hoff. Nixon Reconsidered (New York, NY: BasicBooks, 1994): 182. After World War II, the Americans saw relations between the United States and the Soviet Union deteriorating into a Cold War, with the Soviets consolidating communist allies over much of Eastern Europe and East Asia, and the potential victory of CCP forces in the Chinese Civil War.February 2022 Many Americans were concerned that communism might dominate schools or labor unions. Labor's Communists Come Under Fire Life 22 12 31–35 Time March 24, 1947 https://books.google.com/books?id=AUoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31 0024-3019 From the beginning of the Sino-Soviet split in 1956, Chinese leadership looked for external allies to counterbalance the Soviet Union, while the U.S. wanted to gain leverage over the Soviet Union. Resolving the Vietnam War was a particularly important factor. National Security Council staffer (and later U.S. Ambassador to China) Winston Lord noted that, by flexibly dealing with both the Soviet Union and China, the United States sought to pressure both countries to reduce their support for North Vietnam their new prioritization of relations with the United States.Kennedy Charles S. April 28, 1998 Nixon Goes to China http://adst.org/2013/02/nixon-goes-to-china February 21, 2013 The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training: Foreign Affairs Oral History Project Richard Nixon earned a reputation as a strong anti-communist in the late 1940s and as vice-president to Dwight Eisenhower, yet in 1972 he became the first U.S. president to visit mainland China while in office.Stephen E. Ambrose. Nixon, the Triumph of a Politician 1962–1972 (New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1989): 439. Ulysses S. Grant visited China on a world tour after leaving office,Ulysses S. Grant: International Arbitrator (U.S. National Park Service) https://www.nps.gov/articles/ulysses-s-grant-international-arbitrator.htm December 31, 2021 www.nps.gov en and President Herbert Hoover lived in China as a mining manager from 1899 to 1901,November 1, 2017 Years of Adventure 1874-1914 https://hoover.archives.gov/exhibits/years-adventure-1874-1914 live December 31, 2021 The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum en https://web.archive.org/web/20180106180653/https://hoover.archives.gov/exhibits/years-adventure-1874-1914 January 6, 2018 and understood basic expressions in Mandarin.Schwartz Thomas 2024-03-05 Ch'uan Yueh-Tung: Lou Hoover's Chinese Language Instructor https://hoover.blogs.archives.gov/2024/03/05/chuan-yueh-tung-lou-hoovers-chinese-language-instructor/ 2026-08-27 Hoover Heads en-US Eisenhower made a state visit to Taiwan in 1960, during the period when the United States recognized the Republic of China government in Taipei as the sole government of China.Tiezzi Shannon How Eisenhower Saved Taiwan https://thediplomat.com/2015/07/how-eisenhower-saved-taiwan/ December 31, 2021 thediplomat.com en-US Readiness In July 1971, President Nixon's National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger secretly visited Beijing during a trip to Pakistan, and laid the groundwork for Nixon's visit to China. This meeting was arranged and facilitated by Pakistan through its strong diplomatic channels with China.Burr William Negotiating U.S.-Chinese Rapprochement https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB70/ The National Security Archive July 8, 2018Tenembaum Yoav CHINA POWER Kissinger's Visit, 40 Years On https://thediplomat.com/2011/07/kissingers-visit-40-years-on/ The Diplomat July 8, 2018 Transcripts of White House meetings and once confidential documents show Nixon began working to open a channel of communication with Beijing from his first day in the White House.http://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip Getting to Beijing: Henry Kissinger's Secret 1971 Trip US–China Institute For this ambitious goal to be reached President Nixon had carried out a series of carefully calibrated moves through Communist China's allies Romania and Pakistan.https://www.nixonfoundation.org/exhibit/the-opening-of-china/ The Week that Changed the World Richard Nixon Foundation January 18, 2017 This included offering support to Pakistan during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.December 10, 2021 The 1971 war: When Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger failed to 'scare off' the Indians https://www.firstpost.com/world/the-1971-war-when-richard-nixon-and-henry-kissinger-failed-to-scare-off-the-indians-10200661.html September 6, 2024 Firstpost en-usTharoor Ishaan December 1, 2023 Analysis The Bengali blood on Henry Kissinger's hands https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/01/bangladesh-kissinger-henry-genocide-pakistan-east-legacy/ September 6, 2024 Washington Post en-US 0190-8286 Nixon announced on national television on 15 July, to the public's surprise, that he would visit China.Intelligence Policy and National Security 1981 Palgrave Macmillan UK 197"Transcript of Nixon TV Address to Nation," The New York Times, Friday 16 July 1971. Retrieved 28 October 2025. Travel to China thumb|Air Force One landing in Beijing on February 21, 1972. American staff were surprised by the small crowd at the welcoming reception. President Nixon, his wife, and their entourage left the White House on February 17, 1972, spending a night at Kaneohe Marine Corps Air Station in Oahu, Hawaii. They arrived the next day in Guam at 5 pm, where they spent the night at Nimitz Hill Annex, the residence of the Commander Naval Forces Marianas. At 7 am on February 21, the Nixons departed on a four-hour flight from Guam to Shanghai; after arrival, they then traveled to Beijing.Nixon In China Itinerary, Feb. 17 -28, 1972 https://china.usc.edu/nixon-china-itinerary-feb-17-28-1972 live US-China Institute https://web.archive.org/web/20180706162803/https://china.usc.edu/nixon-china-itinerary-feb-17-28-1972 July 6, 2018 Meeting with Mao thumb|Nixon and Mao shaking hands on February 21, 1972 From February 21 to 28, 1972, U.S. President Richard Nixon traveled to Beijing, Hangzhou, and Shanghai. Almost as soon as the American president arrived in the Chinese capital, CCP Chairman Mao Zedong beckoned him for a quick meeting. Kissinger and his assistant Winston Lord were also present. To avoid embarrassing Secretary of State William P. Rogers, Nixon requested to the Chinese for Lord to be cropped out of all the official photographs of the meeting.Kissinger Henry Years of upheaval 1982 Weidenfeld & Nicolson 978-0-7181-2115-0 London 65 Unknown to Nixon and the rest of the American diplomats at the time, Mao was in poor health and he had been hospitalized for several weeks up to only nine days before Nixon's arrival. Nevertheless, Mao felt well enough to insist to his officials that he would meet with Nixon upon his arrival. Upon being introduced to Nixon for the first time, Mao, speaking through his translator, said to Nixon: "I believe our old friend Chiang Kai-shek would not approve of this". Mao also joked that "I voted for you during your last election."Nixon Richard The Memoirs of Richard Nixon Warner Books 1978 2 New York, United States 29 Nixon, charmed, said "you voted for the lesser of two evils," and Mao replied, "I like rightists... I am comparatively happy when these people on the right come into power."Kalb Marvin https://books.google.com/books?id=SDb3PSD__KwC The Road to War: Presidential Commitments Honored and Betrayed May 9, 2013 Brookings Institution Press 978-0-8157-2443-8 150 enMay 2, 1978 Nixon Asserts That Western Rightists Pleased Mao en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1978/05/02/archives/nixon-asserts-that-western-rightists-pleased-mao-secret-kissinger.html February 3, 2022 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20210627042017/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/05/02/archives/nixon-asserts-that-western-rightists-pleased-mao-secret-kissinger.html June 27, 2021 thumb|Richard and Pat Nixon with Chinese delegates at the Great Wall As an observer of the Mao–Nixon meeting, Lord noted Mao's peasant-like sensibilities and self-deprecating humor. Mao spoke simply and inelegantly, but clearly communicated approval of the visit and its diplomatic utility. Lord described Mao's purposeful and episodic language as a "very skillful performance." Other activities thumb|Pat Nixon in Beijing Nixon held many meetings with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai during the trip, and made visits to the Great Wall, Hangzhou, and Shanghai. Nixon's porcelain swans statue, a gift to Mao, was presented along the way in the gift-giving ceremony.Sculpture Reported Given to Mao February 25, 1972 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/25/archives/sculpture-reported-given-to-mao.html At the Great Wall, Nixon stated, "This is a Great Wall and it had to be built by a great people."Xu Guoqi The Idea of China: A Contested History 2026 Harvard University Press 9780674976795 10.4159/9780674303997 jj.33092015122 Meanwhile, First Lady Pat Nixon toured local institutions independently, including the Peking Children's Hospital, an acupuncture clinic, a people's commune, and the kitchens of the Peking Hotel. Pat also visited the Peking Zoo (Beijing Zoo) and after expressing her delight over the giant pandas, Premier Zhou gifted two pandas (Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing) to the United States not long after. The couple also attended official banquets in the Great Hall of the People and watched a theatrical ballet performance of The Red Detachment of Women with Mao's wife Jiang Qing, Kissinger, Zhou and other members of the Chinese and American delegation.The Nixons' Tour American Experience PBS https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/china-tour/ July 8, 2026 www.pbs.org enChen Eliot February 21, 2022 Nixon's Visit, in Living Color https://www.thewirechina.com/2022/02/20/nixons-visit-in-living-color/ July 8, 2026 The Wire China en-USFoundation Nixon May 8, 2010 Only Nixon Could Go To China https://www.nixonfoundation.org/2010/05/only-nixon-could-go-to-china/ July 8, 2026 Richard Nixon Foundation Richard Nixon Presidential Library & Museum en-US50th Anniversary of Richard and Pat Nixon's Historic Visit to China Richard Nixon Museum and Library https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/news/50th-anniversary-richard-and-pat-nixons-historic-visit-china 2026-09-06 www.nixonlibrary.gov Nixon concluded his visit on the morning of February 28, when he left China on a flight to Anchorage, Alaska.Haldeman Harry Robbins H. R. Haldeman Diaries Collection, January 18, 1969 – April 30, 1973 February 28, 1972 https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/documents/haldeman-diaries/37-hrhd-audiocassette-ac36a-19720228-pa.pdf National Archives and Records Administration Results thumb|Richard Nixon and Zhou Enlai speaking at a banquet at the Great Hall of the People February 27 marked the joint issuing of the Shanghai Communiqué, in which both nations pledged to work toward the full normalization of diplomatic policy and acknowledged longstanding differences over Taiwan. The statement allowed the U.S. and PRC to temporarily set aside the "crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations"Nixon's China's Visit and "Sino-U.S. Joint Communiqué" https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120214195610/http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2721/2722/t15974.htm February 14, 2012 July 26, 2021 www.fmprc.gov.cn concerning its political status in order to open trade and other contacts. However, the U.S. continued to maintain official relations with the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan and did not break off until 1979, when the U.S. established full diplomatic relations with the PRC. While in Shanghai, Nixon spoke about what this meant for the two countries in the future: This was the week that changed the world, as what we have said in that Communique is not nearly as important as what we will do in the years ahead to build a bridge across 16,000 miles and 22 years of hostilities which have divided us in the past. And what we have said today is that we shall build that bridge.1972 Election - 1972 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com https://www.upi.com/Archives/Audio/Events-of-1972/1972-Election/ live https://archive.today/20240524091434/https://www.webcitation.org/5gYDecL2l?url=http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1972/1972-Election/12305688736666-2/%20Archived May 24, 2024 July 26, 2021 UPI en Within a year of Nixon's visit, a number of U.S. allies including Japan, Australia, and West Germany broke relations with Taiwan in order to establish diplomatic ties with China.Karl Rebecca E. Mao Zedong and China in the twentieth-century world : a concise history 2010 Duke University Press 978-0-8223-4780-4 Durham [NC] 153 503828045 Aftermath Nixon and his aides carefully planned the trip to have the biggest possible impact on television audiences in the United States. The media coverage of the trip was overwhelmingly positive and presented Nixon communicating with Chinese government officials, attending dinners, and being accorded tours with other people of influence. Later interviews with correspondents who traveled with the President show how eager they were to be on the trip, which some labeled the most important summit meeting ever.http://china.usc.edu/assignment-china-week-changed-world Assignment: China – The Week that Changed the World US–China Institute Max Frankel of The New York Times received the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting for his coverage of the event. Meanwhile, Taiwan (the Republic of China) viewed U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to mainland China as a bitter betrayal and a devastating diplomatic shock. President Chiang Kai-shek expressed deep anger over Nixon's visit to China. The ROC's Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a formal protest, stating that the mainland regime was a "rebel group" with no right to represent the Chinese people.July 17, 1971 Nationalist Chinese React With Dismay to Nixon's Decision https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/17/archives/nationalist-chinese-react-with-dismay-to-nixons-decision-official.html July 8, 2026 The New York Times en-US 0362-4331Times Tillman Durdin Special to The New York March 5, 1972 TAIWAN ASSESSES DIPLOMATIC LOSS https://www.nytimes.com/1972/03/05/archives/taiwan-assesses-diplomatic-loss-immediate-damage-of-nixon-trip.html July 8, 2026 The New York Times en-US 0362-4331https://taiwantoday.tw/AMP/politics/taiwan-review/5740/shock-value-and-after - Taiwan Today Japan and South Korea also reacted to Nixon's visit with intense shock and a sense of betrayal, as it was made without prior consultation. Both nations feared the U.S. détente would weaken Washington's alliance commitment and embolden other hostile states such as North Korea.Times Takashi Oka Special to The New York August 4, 1971 Japan Irked on Nixon Trip https://www.nytimes.com/1971/08/04/archives/japan-irked-on-nixon-trip-japanese-irked-on-nixon-trip.html July 8, 2026 The New York Times en-US 0362-4331Times Richard Halloran Special to The New York December 12, 1971 SEOUL IS UNEASY OVER NIXON TRIP https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/12/archives/seoul-is-uneasy-over-nixon-trip-fears-sacrifice-of-south-korea-for.html July 8, 2026 The New York Times en-US 0362-4331 The aftermath of the Watergate scandal later in 1972 led Nixon to deprioritize further diplomatic efforts with the PRC.Shanghai Communiqué Issued https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/china-communique/ January 29, 2022 www.pbs.org en This resulted in putting off deliberations over the establishment of a hotline between DC and Beijing, which was first proposed during the visit to China and discussed between Kissinger and Zhou in November 1973 meetings.November 14, 1973 Memorandum of Conversation between Chou En-lai and Henry Kissinger https://irp.fas.org/world/china/memcon111473.pdf January 31, 2022 Federation of American Scientists Intelligence Resource Program The Beijing-Washington hotline was later created in 2007. thumb|Nixon in China. A film by Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum. In fall 1971, Vietnam Prime Minister Phạm Văn Đồng had unsuccessfully asked Mao to cancel the planned Nixon visit.Wang Frances Yaping The Art of State Persuasion: China's Strategic Use of Media in Interstate Disputes Oxford University Press 2024 978019775751293 The process of China and the United States improving their relationship was interpreted by Vietnamese leadership as a betrayal of the China-Vietnam relationship and created tensions.93 The visit inspired John Adams' 1987 opera Nixon in China. It was also the subject of a PBS documentary film, American Experience: Nixon's China Game. Nixon's visit played a role in leading to the September 1972 Japan–China Joint Communiqué.EXCERPT OF MAO ZEDONG'S CONVERSATION WITH JAPANESE PRIME MINISTER KAKUEI TANAKA https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/118567 live September 15, 2021 digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org https://web.archive.org/web/20160903023201/http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/118567 September 3, 2016 Michael Schaller: Working Paper No. 2 https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/japan/schaller.htm September 15, 2021 nsarchive2.gwu.edu In his discussion with Japanese PM Kakuei Tanaka, Mao Zedong recounted, "I told Nixon, 'I voted for you when you ran for President. You still don't know.'" Mao said that he had no interest in Japan's Communist Party, and "also voted" for Kakuei Tanaka.Mao Zedong, 'Settlement of the Questions of Restoration of Diplomatic Relations Between China and Japan Still Depends on the Government of the Liberal Democratic Party' https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/118562 live September 15, 2021 digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org https://web.archive.org/web/20150909211002/http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/118562 September 9, 2015 Nixon's visit played a role in opening China to U.S. trade eventually putting downward pressure on U.S. inflation.https://inflationdata.com/articles/2021/12/01/how-nixons-revolutionary-move-influenced-us-inflation-for-50-years/ How Nixon's One Revolutionary Move Influenced Inflation For 50 Years Tim McMahon December 1, 2021 As prospects of China-U.S. rapprochement improved following the visit, China's focus on its Third Front campaign to develop basic and heavy industry in its rugged interior gradually declined.Meyskens Covell F. Mao's Third Front: The Militarization of Cold War China 2020 Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-78478-8 Cambridge, United Kingdom 10.1017/9781108784788 1145096137 2189363134, 225-229 Rapprochement between the United States and China decreased the fear of invasion which, along with fears of Soviet invasion, had motivated the Third Front construction.4Marquis Christopher Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise Qiao Kunyuan 2022 Yale University Press 978-0-300-26883-6 New Haven 10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k j.ctv3006z6k 1348572572 Christopher Marquis 253067190180 In 1979, there was a state visit by Deng Xiaoping to the United States from January to February, the first official visit to the U.S. by a senior leader of the P.R.C.The Nixon-Deng Comparison https://origins.osu.edu/nixon-deng-comparison?language_content_entity=en December 31, 2021 Origins April 1997 en Deng met with then-sitting President Jimmy Carter and ex-President Nixon at a state dinner in the White House.China State Dinners: President Jimmy Carter and President Richard Nixon talk with Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping of China https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/carter-nixon-and-vice-premier-of-china December 31, 2021 WHHA (en-US) enAmbrose Stephen E. https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd14AAAAMAAJ Nixon: Ruin and recovery, 1973-1990 1991 Simon and Schuster 978-0-671-52836-2 524 en See also Nixon goes to China Ping-pong diplomacy Dixie mission State visit by Deng Xiaoping to the United States 2015 state visit by Xi Jinping to the United States 2026 state visit by Xi Jinping to the United States 2017 state visit by Donald Trump to China 2026 state visit by Donald Trump to China General: China and the United Nations References 30em Further reading https://archive.org/details/kissingertranscr00will/ Kissinger Transcripts: The Top Secret Talks With Beijing and Moscow 1999 New Press 978-1-56584-480-3 Burr William New York Dallek Robert Robert Dallek https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Nixon_and_Kissinger/5oeX-jiAkVkC?hl=pt-BR&gbpv=0 Nixon and Kissinger: Partners in Power 2007 HarperCollins 978-0-06-072230-2 New York Drew Elizabeth Elizabeth Drew Richard M. Nixon 2007 Times Books 978-0-8050-6963-1 The American presidents New York Ladley Eric https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Nixon_s_China_Trip/gEnqlTjOtq4C?hl=pt-BR&gbpv=0 Nixon's China Trip 2002 Writers Club Press 978-0-595-23944-3 San Jose Ladley Eric J. https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Balancing_Act/qOOEH2GBUcUC?hl=pt-BR&gbpv=0 Balancing Act: How Nixon Went To China And Remained A Conservative 2007 iUniverse, Inc. 978-0-595-44430-4 Lincoln, NE 154687204 1 MacMillan Margaret Margaret MacMillan https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Nixon_and_Mao/hbM5bm28S2QC?hl=pt-BR&gbpv=0 Nixon and Mao: The Week That Changed the World 2007 Random House 978-1-4000-6127-3 New York Mann James James Mann (writer) https://archive.org/details/aboutfacehistory00mann About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China, from Nixon to Clinton 1999 Alfred A. Knopf 978-0-679-45053-5 New York Nixon Richard M. https://archive.org/details/rnmemoirsofricha00nixo/ RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon 1978 Grosset & Dunlap 978-0-448-14374-3 New York Tudda Chris A Cold War Turning Point: Nixon and China, 1969-1972 2012 Louisiana State University Press 978-0-8071-4289-9 Baton Rouge Tyler Patrick Patrick Tyler A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China 1999 PublicAffairs 978-1-891620-37-9 New York External links 1972 Nixon visit to China Nixon's Trip to China, including the President's recollections documented on White House tapes https://web.archive.org/web/20140731181322/http://nixon.archives.gov/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/chinatapes.php July 31, 2014 , from the Richard Nixon Presidential Library Index of articles on Nixon's foreign policy, including China https://web.archive.org/web/20190627224204/http://foreign.nixonfoundation.org/ June 27, 2019 , from the Richard Nixon Foundation Webcast: Nixon in China, from the Council on Foreign Relations Nixon's Trip to China: Records now Completely Declassified, Including Kissinger Intelligence Briefing and Assurances on Taiwan, from National Security Archive The George Washington University People's Republic of China Republic of China United States Category:1972 in the United States Category:China–United States relations Category:1972 in China China Category:Diplomatic conferences in China Category:1970s diplomatic conferences Category:1972 in international relations Category:United States presidential visits Category:Diplomatic visits to China Category:Mao Zedong Category:Henry Kissinger Category:February 1972 in Asia Category:Zhou Enlai Category:1972 in Beijing Category:Foreign policy of the Nixon administration