1911 Sarez earthquake

Natural disaster in Tajikistan October 2024 1911 Sarez earthquake 1911-02-18 18:41:00 16958134 iscgem16958134 18 February 1911 23:31 Tajikistan 7.4 Mshttp://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=7868&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033738/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=7868&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display dead 1 December 2017 Comments for the Significant Earthquake NGDC 9 June 2011 IX 26 km 38.2 72.8 inline,title Tajikistan, Rushon District 90+ The 1911 Sarez earthquake occurred at 18:41 UTC on 18 February (23:31 local time) in the central Pamir Mountains in the Rushon District of eastern Tajikistan (then part of the Russian Empire). It had an estimated magnitude of 7.4 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of about IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It triggered a massive landslide, blocking the Murghab River and forming the Usoi Dam, the tallest dam in the world, creating Sarez Lake. The earthquake and related landslides destroyed many buildings and killed about 100 people. Tectonic setting The earthquake epicenter is located in the central Pamir Mountains. These mountains form the western end of the Himalayan chain, caused by the continuing continental collision between the northward moving Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The area is affected by active faulting on both thrust faults and strike-slip faults. The 1911 earthquake occurred within the Pamir Hindu Kush seismic zone, which is regularly affected by earthquakes, some of which have magnitudes of 7 or greater. Sarkar I Sanyal S 2004 Static stress transfers in the Pamir Hindu Kush seismic zone Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 23 4 449–59 10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00178-0 2004JAESc..23..449S Characteristics thumb|260px|The Usoi Dam caused by a landslide triggered by the earthquake. Earthquake The earthquake lasted for two minutes and was followed by an aftershock an hour later. The energy radiated by this event was one of the first to be estimated from seismograph recordings of seismic waves.Earthquake energy distribution along the earth surface and radius http://users.ictp.it/~pub_off/preprints-sources/2010/IC2010055P.pdf Varga P IT ICTP Krumm F. Riguzzi F. Doglioni C. Süle B. Wang K. Panza G. F. 2010 11 June 2011 15 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120315191219/http://users.ictp.it/~pub_off/preprints-sources/2010/IC2010055P.pdf dead Current estimates for the magnitude lie in the range 7.4–7.6 on the surface wave magnitude scale. The earthquake caused the waters of Lake Karakul to surge over its eastern rim, leaving behind a large sheet of ice as it withdrew. Landslides The earthquake triggered numerous landslides along the slopes of the Bartang, Tanimas and Murghab valleys.Oldham R.D. 1923 The Pamir Earthquake of 18th February, 1911 Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 79 1–4 237–245 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1923.079.01-04.15 129906228 http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/content/79/1-4/237.short 9 June 2011 subscription The largest of these blocked the Murghab river, forming the Usoi Dam and creating the Sarez and Shadau lakes. The Usoi landslide had an estimated volume of about 2 km3. The dam is the highest in the world at about 600 m,Havenith H-B. Bourdeau C. 2010 Earthquake-induced landslide hazards in mountain regions: a review of case histories from Central Asia Geologica Belgica 13 3 137–152 http://popups.ulg.ac.be/Geol/docannexe.php?id=2953 11 June 2011 15 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120315092753/http://popups.ulg.ac.be/Geol/docannexe.php?id=2953 dead impounding a lake containing 16~17.5 km3 of water.http://www.adrc.asia/countryreport/TJK/2003/page6.html Country report 2003: Tajikistan Asian Disaster Reduction Center 11 June 2011 4 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052649/http://www.adrc.asia/countryreport/TJK/2003/page6.html dead The slide originated from a 4,500 m high mountain, falling 1,800 m to its present location. Damage The area of greatest damage extended along the Bartang River from Basid in the west continuing along the Murghab River to Sarez in the east, also involving the kishlaks of Barchidiv, Nisur, Sagnob, Rukhch and Oroshor. The Usoi landslide completely destroyed the Usoi kishlak. Estimates of casualties from the earthquake and related landslides range from 90 to 302. Aftermath The landslides and the formation of Sarez Lake caused significant migration of the inhabitants of the upper Bartang valley.Dodykhudoeva L. Austin P.K., Bond O. & Nathan D. Proceedings of Conference on Language Documentation and Linguistic Theory http://www.hrelp.org/publications/ldlt/papers/ldlt_09.pdf 11 June 2011 2007 978-0-7286-0382-0 69 Revitalization of minority languages: comparative dictionary of key cultural terms in the languages and dialects of the Shugni-Rushani group 4 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095026/http://www.hrelp.org/publications/ldlt/papers/ldlt_09.pdf dead See also List of earthquakes in 1911 List of earthquakes in Tajikistan References External links 16958134 Category:Earthquakes in Tajikistan Category:February 1911 Category:1911 earthquakes Sarez earthquake Category:1910s disasters in the Russian Empire Category:1911 disasters in Asia Category:1911 in the Russian Empire