1294 conclave

Election of Catholic Pope Boniface VIII May 2024 December 1294 23–24 December 1294 Castel Nuovo, Naples Gerardo Bianchi Tommaso d'Ocra Benedetto Caetani Matteo Rosso Orsini 1 Benedetto Caetani Boniface VIII Giotto - Bonifatius VIII (cropped).jpg 1292–94 1292–1294 papal election 1303 1303 conclave The 1294 papal conclave (23–24 December) was convoked in Naples after the resignation of Pope Celestine V on 13 December 1294. Celestine V had only months earlier restored the election procedures set forth in the papal bull Ubi periculum of Pope Gregory X, which had been suspended by Pope Adrian V in July 1276. Every papal election since then has been a papal conclave. It was the first papal conclave held during the lifetime of the preceding pontiff, an event not repeated until the 2013 papal conclave following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI. Abdication of Celestine V thumb|left|250px|Castel Nuovo, where the conclave was held Celestine V, founder of the Order of Celestines, widely esteemed and venerated for his holiness, was elected to the papacy on 7 July 1294, as a compromise choice after an over two-years long sede vacante. It quickly became clear that this saintly eremite was wholly incompetent and unsuited for a job as pope. Admitting his own incompetence soon after his election, Celestine expressed the wish to abdicate and return to his solitary cave in the Abruzzi Mountains. However, before doing so he issued two bulls. The first bull established the regulations concerning the abdication of a pope. The second bull (Quia in futurum, 28 September 1294) restored the constitution Ubi periculum, which established the papal conclave; the constitution had been suspended by Pope Adrian V in July 1276. During his short papacy, he also created 13 cardinals.Salvador Miranda: Cardinals created by St. Celestine V Eventually, on 13 December 1294, Celestine V abdicated the papacy at Naples,https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03479b.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Celestine V newadvent.org 2019-06-17 three days after confirming the restoration of the institution of the papal conclave.Salvador Miranda: The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Guide to the events and documents, 13th Century It has been widely stated that the alleged great influence of the ambitious Cardinal Benedetto Caetani and the pressure he applied on Celestine V were important factors in Celestine's decision to abdicate, but it seems nearly as certain that it was an entirely voluntarily step of the Pope, with the role of Caetani limited to participation in the solution of the legal problems connected with the resignation of a pope. In particular, there were doubts whether a pope could resign at all, and who would be authorized to accept such a resignation.(The Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Boniface VIII) List of participants All 22 living cardinals participated in the conclave; 12 of them were created by Celestine V, five by Nicholas IV, two by Nicholas III, one by Urban IV and one by Honorius IV:F. Burkle-YoungFebruary 2016: notes to the papal election of 1294 on The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church (by S. Miranda); and K. Eubel, p. 11–12. F. Bourkle-Young lists one additional cardinal Francesco Ronci, priest of the title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, as the only absentee but he actually died on 13 October 1294, two months before the conclave was held (K. Eubel, p. 12) Elector Place of birth Cardinalatial title Elevated Elevator Other ecclesiastical titles NotesGerardo BianchiParmaBishop of Sabina12 March 1278Nicholas III Dean of the Sacred College of CardinalsGiovanni Boccamazza RomeBishop of Frascati22 December 1285Honorius IV Nephew of Honorius IV; former archbishop of Monreale (1278—1286)Hugh Aycelin, O.P.Billom, FranceBishop of Ostia e Velletri16 May 1288Nicholas IVMatteo d'Acquasparta, O.F.M.AcquaspartaBishop of Porto e Santa Rufina16 May 1288Nicholas IV Grand penitentiaryFormer minister general of the Order of Franciscans (1287—1289)Simon de BeaulieuChâteau de Beaulieu, FranceBishop of Palestrina18 September 1294Celestine V Former archbishop of Bourges (1281—1294)Bérard de GotVillandraut, FranceBishop of Albano18 September 1294Celestine V Former archbishop of Lyon (1289–1294); older brother of Bertrand de Got – future Pope Clement V (1305–1314)Benedetto CaetaniAnagniPriest of SS. Silvestro e Martino 12 April 1281Nicholas IIIProtopriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Cardinal-protector of the Order of S. GuglielmoElected Pope Boniface VIIIPietro PeregrossoMilanPriest of S. Marco16 May 1288Nicholas IVCardinal-protector of the Order of Humiliati; Camerlengo of the Sacred College of CardinalsTommaso d'Ocra, O.Cel.Ocre, AbruzziPriest of S. Cecilia18 September 1294Celestine V Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church(1294-1300)Jean LemoineCrécy, FrancePriest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro18 September 1294Celestine V Pietro d'Aquila, O.S.B.Cas.L'AquilaPriest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme18 September 1294Celestine V Guillaume de FerrièresProvencePriest of S. Clemente18 September 1294Celestine V Crown-cardinal of King Charles II of NaplesNicolas de NonancourtNonancourt, FrancePriest of S. MarcelloF. Burkle-Young lists Cardinal Nicolas l'Aide as priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, but he opted for that title only in 1295. At the time of this conclave he occupied his original title of S. Marcello (K. Eubel, p. 43)18 September 1294Celestine V Robert de Pontigny, O.Cist.FrancePriest of S. Pudenziana18 September 1294Celestine V Crown-cardinal of kings Philip IV of France and Charles II of Naples; former Abbot General of his orderSimon d'Armentières, O.S.B.Clun.FrancePriest of S. Balbina18 September 1294Celestine V Giovanni Castrocoeli, O.S.B.Cas.Castrocielo Priest of S. Vitale18 September 1294 (or October 1294)Celestine V Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church; archbishop of Benevento; administrator of the see of Sant'Agata de' GotiMatteo Rosso OrsiniRomeDeacon of S. Maria in Portico22 May 1262Urban IVProtodeacon of the Sacred College of Cardinals; archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica; Cardinal-protector of the Order of FranciscansRelative of Cardinal Napoleone Orsini Frangipani and nephew of Pope Nicholas III (1277–1280); not to be confused with his grandfather, Senator Matteo Rosso Orsini (1178–1246)Giacomo ColonnaRomeDeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata12 March 1278Nicholas IIIArchpriest of the patriarchal Liberian BasilicaUncle of Cardinal Pietro ColonnaNapoleone Orsini FrangipaniRomeDeacon of S. Adriano16 May 1288Nicholas IVRelative of Cardinal Matteo Orsini Rosso and nephew of Pope Nicholas III (1277–1280)Pietro ColonnaRomeDeacon of S. Eustachio16 May 1288Nicholas IVNephew of Cardinal Giacomo ColonnaLandolfo BrancaccioNaplesDeacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria18 September 1294Celestine V Guglielmo de LonghiBergamoDeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere18 September 1294Celestine V Election of Boniface VIII On 23 December 1294, the cardinals assembled in the Castel Nuovo at Naples for the election of the successor of Celestine V. On the next day, Christmas Eve, Cardinal Benedetto Caetani received the required two-thirds majority and took the name of Boniface VIII. Caetani's nephew, who was an eyewitness, says that Caetani was elected after one scrutiny and an accessio: scrutinio accessioneque eligitur.A. Theiner (ed.), Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1294, § 23, p. 147; Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores III pp. 616-617. There was another candidate (Matteo Rosso Orsini ?), according to Jacopo Caetani Stefaneschi, but Benedetto Caetani had a majority (but not the required two-thirds majority) on the first ballot. That would mean that at the scrutiny Caetani had at least twelve votes, but not the required fifteen. Several cardinals agreed to support him after the results of the ballot were announced. Soon after his election he returned to Rome, where on 23 January 1295 he received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Hugh Aycelin, Bishop of Ostia.Frater Hugo de Bidiliomo provincie Francie, magister fuit egregius in theologia et mul<tum> famosus in romana curia; qui actu lector existens apud Sanctam Sabinam, per papam Nicolaum quartum eiusdem ecclesie factus cardinalis" [16.V.1288]; postmodum per Celestinum papain [1294] est ordinatus in episcopum ostiensem (Cr Pg 3r) http://www.e-theca.net/emiliopanella/lector12.htm la Cronica di San Domenico di Perugia 9 May 2011Rome Across Time and Space: Cultural Transmission and the Exchange of Ideas 2011 275 9780521192170 https://books.google.com/books?id=xGiHbiqknLgC&pg=PA275 7 October 2011 Bolgia Claudia McKitterick Rosamond Osborne John Cambridge University Press Also known as Hughes of Billom, of the French province of the Dominican Order, former lector at the studium of Santa Sabina in Rome. He had been Cardinal-Bishop of the suburbicarian see of Ostia since 1294, and one role of that office was the episcopal consecration of a newly elected pope. He was crowned by Matteo Rosso Orsini, who was prior Diaconorum of the Sacred College.S. Miranda: Cardinal Benedetto Caetani (Pope Boniface VIII) Notes References Sources Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, volumen I, 1913 F. Burkle-Young: notes to the papal election of 1294 (The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church by S. Miranda) The Catholic Encyclopedia: Celestine V The Catholic Encyclopedia:Boniface VIII collapsed Catholicism Christianity Vatican City y Biblical Studies/Christianity/Roman Catholicism/History y Category:Papal conclave y Category:Roman Catholic Church y Category:Popes y Category:Popes y Category:Christian History y Pope y 1294 Category:13th-century elections Category:13th century in Catholicism Category:1294 in Europe