1978 Miyagi earthquake

Earthquake off Japan July 2020 1978 Miyagi earthquake 1978-06-12 08:14:28 680697 iscgem680697 yes 1978 06 12 17:14:28 250px Japan Tohoku s y 7.7 44 km mi 0 on 0.438 g 430 galhttps://books.google.com/books?id=qEuWntnoZzYC&pg=PA123 An Investigation of the Miyagi-ken-oki, Japan, Earthquake of June 12, 1978 Ellingwood Bruce 1980 38.19 142.03 inline,title Oblique thrust Japan, Miyagi Prefecture Yes (minor) 5+8 28 dead, 1,325 injured The 1978 Miyagi earthquake 1978年宮城県沖地震 1978 nen Miyagi-ken-oki jishin occurred at 17:14 local time (08:14 UTC) on 12 June. The epicentre was offshore of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. It had a surface-wave magnitude of 7.7,https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/significant/sig_1978.php Significant Earthquakes of the World 1978 United States Geological Survey 6 July 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100123173040/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/significant/sig_1978.php 23 January 2010 JMA magnitude 7.4, and triggered a small tsunami. The earthquake reached a maximum intensity of Shindo 5 in Sendai and caused 28 deaths and 1,325 injuries. Geology The northeastern part of Honshū lies above the subduction zone that forms the Japan Trench, where the Pacific plate is being subducted beneath the Okhotsk microplate. The rupture of the plate interface that caused the earthquake, occurred in two distinct stages, from study of surface and body wave data and the distribution of aftershocks. The first stage of rupture propagated northwards, roughly parallel to the trench axis, along the upper of the two aftershock zones. The second stage began after about 11 seconds with a second shock, about 30 km westward of the first, at the base of the upper aftershock zone, propagating down dip. The cause of this rupture sequence is thought to be the presence of a barrier, a zone of higher strength, between the two aftershock zones.Seno T. Shimazaki K. Somerville P. Sudo K. Eguchi T. amp 1980 Rupture process of the Miyagi-Oki, Japan, earthquake of June 12, 1978 Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 23 1 39–61 10.1016/0031-9201(80)90081-3 1980PEPI...23...39S Earthquakes with similar magnitudes have occurred in this region periodically, about every 40 years. Such earthquakes include the ones that occurred in 1793, 1835, 1861, 1897, 1936, and 1978.webpage on recurrent earthquakes at Miyagi http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/00nov4/miyagi.htm japanese 6 July 2010 The 2005 Miyagi earthquake is not considered to be the one that was expected to follow the 1978 Miyagi earthquake.webpage on the 2005 Miyagi earthquake http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/05aug_miyagi/index.htm japanese 6 July 2010 More recent comparisons have confirmed the differences between the 1978 and 2005 events but called into question whether this sequence truly represents the repeat of a characteristic earthquake.Kanamori H. Miyazawa M. Mori J. amp 2006 Investigation of the earthquake sequence off Miyagi prefecture with historical seismograms Earth Planets Space 58 12 1533–1541 2006EP&S...58.1533K 10.1186/BF03352657 free The rupture zone of the 1978 earthquake occurred at the westernmost limit of known interplate earthquakes, some 150 km back from the trench. This deepest part of the rupture zone, about 40 km, is interpreted to represent the depth of transition to aseismic creep on the plate interface.Tichelaar B.W. Ruff L.J. 1988 Rupture extent of the 1978 Miyagi-Oki, Japan, earthquake and seismic coupling in the northern Honshu subduction zone Geophysical Research Letters 15 11 1219–1222 10.1029/GL015i011p01219 1988GeoRL..15.1219T https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95645/1/grl4114.pdf 2027.42/95645 free The maximum peak ground acceleration recorded was 0.125g.Brady A. Gerald An investigation of the Miyagi-ken-oki, Japan, earthquake of June 12, 1978 1980 National Bureau of Standards 123 https://books.google.com/books?id=qEuWntnoZzYC&pg=PA123 There was a foreshock of magnitude Mj 5.8 at 17:06 local time, minutes before the main shock.http://cais.gsi.go.jp/KAIHOU/report/kaihou21/02_14.pdf Archived copy 26 April 2013 28 August 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200828215120/https://cais.gsi.go.jp/KAIHOU/report/kaihou21/02_14.pdf dead Damage There were widespread landslides that caused extensive damage to highways and one death in the area around Sendai.Sidle R.C. Pearce A.J. O'Loughlin C.L. Hillslope stability and land use https://books.google.com/books?id=eRq20MrJhBUC Water resources monograph 11 1985 American Geophysical Union 978-0-87590-315-6 1–9 1 Significance of Soil Mass Movement 1,183 houses were completely destroyed within Miyagi Prefecture, with a further 5,574 partially destroyed. Soil liquefaction was observed in lands claimed by embankment.http://www.kubota.co.jp/urban/pdf/40/pdf/7_1.pdf Archived copy 6 July 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20110728182334/http://www.kubota.co.jp/urban/pdf/40/pdf/7_1.pdf 28 July 2011 dead No damage was reported from the tsunami.http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=4806&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display https://web.archive.org/web/20171113060328/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=4806&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display dead 13 November 2017 Comments for the Tsunami Event NGDC 6 July 2010 Tsunami A maximum wave height of about 60 cm in on was recorded at Kesennuma and Onagawa, close to the epicenter.http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?EQ_0=2105&t=101650&s=9&d=92,183&nd=display https://archive.today/20120805172141/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?EQ_0=2105&t=101650&s=9&d=92,183&nd=display dead 5 August 2012 Tsunami Runups NGDC 6 July 2010 Aftermath The extent of damage to buildings caused by the earthquake, led directly to a revision of the Japanese Building Standard Act in 1981.Ohmura T. Hayashi S. Kanata K. Fujimura T. Limbachiya M.C. Kew H.Y. Excellence in Concrete Construction Through Innovation: Proceedings of the Conference Held at the Kingston University, United Kingdom, 9 – 10 September 2008 https://books.google.com/books?id=FOZTNlDN3cYC&pg=PA325 2008 CRC Press 978-0-415-47592-1 325–334 Lateral strength evaluation of seismic retrofitted RC frame without adhesive anchors The earthquake also led to a major revision in the Earthquake Insurance System, which had been set up by the Japanese government in 1966.Kawachimaru K. Messy F-A. Catastrophic risks and insurance https://books.google.com/books?id=3fVqe78WVBwC&pg=PA306 Policy issues in insurance 8 2005 OECD Publishing 978-92-64-00994-3 303–320 16. Disaster Risk Management in Japan 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami As of March 2011 it is not known if the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami is related to the 1978 Miyagi quake periodic sequence. Some involved geological research will be required to see if there is a relationship between the quake events. Notable linkages The time difference between the quakes is 33 years – a number that is within the probability for being related to the 1978 Miyagi quake sequence. There are some suggestions that the 2011 Tōhoku quake is part of a 1000-year sequence (that is not related to the 40-year Miyagi quake sequence) as a similar quake and tsunami hit the Sendai coast in 869 AD.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12740649 Japan tsunami 'could be 1,000-year event' BBC News Paul Rincon 15 March 2011 17 March 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110317145702/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12740649 17 March 2011 live See also List of earthquakes in 1978 List of earthquakes in Japan Miyagi earthquake – list of other earthquakes named after Miyagi References External links 680697 Miyagi earthquake Miyagi earthquake Miyagi earthquake Miyagi earthquake Category:Earthquakes in Miyagi Prefecture Category:Earthquakes of the Shōwa era Category:Landslides in Japan Miyagi earthquake