1957 Mongolia earthquake

Earthquake in Mongolia January 2023 January 2023 1957 Mongolia earthquake 1957-12-04 03:37:53 887636 iscgem887636 1957 12 04 11:37:53 Yes, s 6.5Aptikaev Erteleva 2019 & M 6.8Rothé 1969 Mongolia w y 7.8–8.1, s y 8.0–8.5M 7 3/4 – 8,Ben-Menahem Toksöz 1962 1943 w 7.78-7.95,Rizza Ritz Braucher Vassallo 2011 918Molnar Qidong 1984 6210 w 8.1, s 8.0,Okal 1976 s 8.3,Kanamori 1977 s 8.5Aptikaev Erteleva 2019 20.0 km Mongolian People's Republic XIIAptikaev Erteleva 2019 30Bath 1973 45.189 99.368 inline, title 1957 Mongolia earthquake.jpg USGS ShakeMap An earthquake occurred in southern Mongolia on December 4, 1957, measuring w y 7.8–8.1 and assigned XII (Extreme) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. Surface faulting was observed in the aftermath with peak vertical and horizontal scarp reaching 9 m on. Because of the extremely sparse population in the area, this event, despite its magnitude, was not catastrophic. However, 30 people died and the towns of Dzun Bogd, Bayan-leg and Baruin Bogd were completely destroyed. Tectonic setting As the Indian plate collides with the Eurasian plate, the force of the collision causes deformation.Rizza Ritz Braucher Vassallo 2011 898 A primary effect of this collision is the uplift of the Himalayas; however, deformation extends further.Rizza Ritz Braucher Vassallo 2011 In Mongolia, escape tectonics created a network of active faults to support the strike-slip stresses.Molnar Qidong 1984 During this earthquake, two main faults sustained a rupture: the thrust Gurvan Bulag fault, and the related strike-slip Bogd fault.Ritz Bourlès Brown Carretier 2003Rizza Ritz Braucher Vassallo 2011 The Gurvan Bulag has a slip rate of 1.05 ± 0.25 mm on/yr for the vertical component, with slip rate increasing at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.Ritz Bourlès Brown Carretier 2003 Paleoseismological investigation revealed that the average recurrence interval of earthquakes like the 1957 event on the fault had decreased from 50 kyrkyr thousand years to 3-14 kyr in the late Pleistocene.Ritz Bourlès Brown Carretier 2003 The Bogd fault is a large left-lateral strike-slip fault.Rizza Ritz Braucher Vassallo 2011 It is split into five distinct segments.Rizza Ritz Braucher Vassallo 2011 Slip rates vary between segments, but it is between 0.5-1 mm on/yr overall.Rizza Ritz Braucher Vassallo 2011 Recurrence intervals of 1957 type events on the Bogd fault have been calculated at around 1,000 years.Baljinnyam Bayasgalan Borisov Cisternas 1993 Other large (w 8.0+ y) earthquakes had struck Mongolia in the previous half century, including the 1905 Tsetserleg, 1905 Bolnai, and 1931 Fuyun earthquakes. Some studies indicate that these earthquakes triggered each other, with the earlier ones triggering the later events.Chéry Carretier Ritz 2001Pollitz Vergnolle Calais 2003 Earthquake The earthquake struck southern Mongolia at 11:37:53 local time 03:37:53 UTC on December 4, 1957. Rupture was complex, with multiple scenarios proposed. The original hypothesis was that the earthquake occurred along the strike-slip Bogd fault and ruptured for 560 km on,Ben-Menahem Toksöz 1962 1943 however, the more recently adopted conclusion is that there was a 250-300 km onBaljinnyam Bayasgalan Borisov Cisternas 1993 long strike-slip rupture at a width of 20-30 km on with 100 km on of simultaneous reverse faulting in a roughly east–west direction.Ritz Bourlès Brown Carretier 2003Chen Molnar 1977Ben-Menahem 1977Molnar Qidong 1984 Offsets from surface rupture reached up to 8.85 m on of strike-slip rupture,Chen Molnar 1977 with 9 m on vertical offsets,Baljinnyam Bayasgalan Borisov Cisternas 1993 and an average slip of 3-4 m on.Molnar Qidong 1984Ritz Bourlès Brown Carretier 2003 According to a study on the earthquake's surface rupture, the authors consider the rupture the "world's best preserved surface rupture of a great earthquake".Kurushin Bayasgalan Ölziybat Enhtuvshin 1998 The average slip decreased from west to east.Rizza Ritz Braucher Vassallo 2011 Ruptured fault splays were observed up to 30 km on away from the main fault trace.Molnar Qidong 1984 Large aftershocks struck the epicentral region after the mainshock. Shortly after the mainshock, a s 6.5 event struck.Aptikaev Erteleva 2019 On April 7, 1958, another large earthquake measuring M 6.8 struck, located in the epicentral region of the mainshock.Rothé 1969 Impact Despite attaining the maximum value on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale of XII (Extreme), the earthquake did not cause significant disruption to population centers owing to its remote and unpopulated location. Dzun Bogd, Bayan-leg and Baruin Bogd, however, were destroyed.Rothé 1969 Due to good weather, shepherds of these herding communities were outside, which limited the death toll to 30.Rothé 1969 Major geological effects were also observed. Surface offsets reaching 9 m on of both strike-slip and vertical motion were observed after the event.Chen Molnar 1977Baljinnyam Bayasgalan Borisov Cisternas 1993 Subsidence was also observed. At the Bakhar Mountains ceb Bahar Uula, a 15 km on long and 800 m on wide portion of the earth subsided due to the earthquake.Rothé 1969 In the Bitüüt valley, a large landslide was triggered.Kurushin Bayasgalan Ölziybat Enhtuvshin 1998 See also Asia Earth sciences List of earthquakes in 1957 Notes References M 8.1 – 153 km SW of Bayanhongor, Mongolia https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem887636/executive United States Geological Survey 10 January 2023 https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1957_12_04.php Summary of the earthquake United States Geological Survey 25 June 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150626112425/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1957_12_04.php 26 June 2015 Sources Aptikaev F. F. Erteleva O. O. 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A surface-wave investigation of the rupture mechanism of the Gobi-Altai (December 4, 1957) earthquake Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors September 1976 12 4 319–328 10.1016/0031-9201(76)90027-3 1976PEPI...12..319O 2060/19760012553 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0031920176900273 9 November 2022 free subscription Ritz Jean-François Bourlès D. Brown E. T. Carretier Sébastian Chéry Jean Entuvshin B. Galsan P. Finkel R. C. Hanks T. C. Kendrick K. J. Philip H. Raisbeck G. Schlupp A. Schwartz D. P. Yiou F. Late Pleistocene to Holocene slip rates for the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault (Gobi-Altay, Mongolia) estimated with 10Be dates Journal of Geophysical Research 20 March 2003 108 B3 2162 10.1029/2001JB000553 2003JGRB..108.2162R free Rizza M. Ritz Jean-François Braucher R. Vassallo R. Prentice C. Mahan S. McGill S. Chauvet A. Marco S. Todbileg M. Demberel S. Bourlès D. Slip rate and slip magnitudes of past earthquakes along the Bogd left-lateral strike-slip fault (Mongolia) Geophysical Journal International 3 September 2011 186 3 897–927 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05075.x 2011GeoJI.186..897R free Rothé Jean Pierre The Seismicity of the earth: 1953-1965 1969 UNESCO Paris, France https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000014503 11 November 2022 Vergnolle Mathilde Pollitz Fred Calais Eric Constraints on the viscosity of the continental crust and mantle from GPS measurements and postseismic deformation models in western Mongolia Journal of Geophysical Research 25 October 2003 108 B10 2502 10.1029/2002JB002374 2003JGRB..108.2502V https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2002JB002374 11 November 2022 subscription Pollitz Fred Vergnolle Mathilde Calais Eric Fault interaction and stress triggering of twentieth century earthquakes in Mongolia Journal of Geophysical Research 25 October 2003 108 B10 2503 10.1029/2002JB002375 2003JGRB..108.2503P free External links 887636 Mongolia Earthquake, 1957 Category:December 1957 in Asia Category:1957 in Mongolia Category:Earthquakes in Mongolia Category:1957 disasters in Mongolia Category:Strike-slip earthquakes