1 Kings 4

Biblical chapter 1 Kings 4 1 Kings 3 chapter 3 1 Kings 5 chapter 5 First book of Kings Old Testament 11 Nevi'im 4 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-09-kings.pdf 250px The pages containing the Books of Kings (1 & 2 Kings) Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Kings 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Kings in the Hebrew Bible and the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Halley 1965 191Collins 2014 288 The book is a compilation of annals documenting the deed of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomistic compiler in the seventh century y, with a supplement added in the sixth century.McKane 1993 324 Chapter 4 belongs to the section of Kings focusing on the reign of Solomon over the unified kingdom of Judah and Israel (1 Kings 1 to 11).Dietrich 2007 234 The focus of this chapter is on Solomon's reign as king of Israel.Dietrich 2007 236 Text The chapter was originally written in Biblical Hebrew and is divided into 34 verses in many Christian Bibles and 20 verses in the Hebrew Bible.1 Kings 4 HE Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Biblical Hebrew belong to the Masoretic Textual tradition, including the Codex Cairensis (895),Talk page section The traditional year given for the codex has been disputed in more recent work.Tov Emanuel Emanuel Tov Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible 3rd rev. and expanded Minneapolis Fortress Press 2012 978-0-8006-9664-1 October 2026 Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35–37 The chapter was also translated into Koine Greek as part of the Septuagint, produced during the final centuries BCE. Extant Septuagint manuscripts containing this chapter include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century y) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73–74The entire book of 1 Kings is absent from the extant portions of Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Analysis The structure of the first 28 verses of this chapter centers on the abundant provision of Solomon's table:Leithart 2006 48 A Solomon's royal officials and officers (4:1–19) B Judah and Israel eat, drink and rejoice (4:20) C Solomon rules over kingdoms between the Euphrates and Egypt (4:21) D Provisions of Solomon's table (4:22–23) C' Solomon rules over kingdoms between the Euphrates and Egypt (4:24) B' Judah and Israel are living in safety (4:25) A' Officers provide for Solomon's household (4:26–28) The section starting from 1 Kings 4:29 to 1 Kings 5:12 is organized as a chiasm:Leithart 2006 52 A Solomon's wisdom (4:29–34) B Hiram sends servants to Solomon (5:1) C Solomon's message to Hiram (5:2–6) B' Hiram's response to Solomon (5:7–11) A' Solomon's wisdom (5:12) Solomon's royal officials and officers (4:1–19) The orderly structure of the kingdom shows the quality of Solomon's wisdom, resulting in happy and prosperous citizens, fulfilling not only the Abrahamic promise (Genesis 22:17), but also the fruit of Joshua's conquest (Joshua 11:23).Coogan 2007 495 Hebrew BibleLeithart 2006 48–49 A comparison with David's list of officers (2 Samuel 8:16–18; 20:23–26) demonstrate the continuity and development of the court, with the increase of the number of ministers: some remained (Ado[ni]ram] and Jehoshaphat), some removed (Joab and Abiathar), one promoted (Benaiah), and some as rewards to his party followers (Zadok's son, Azariah, and Nathan's sons in verse 5).Dietrich 2007 236 Provincial governors were assigned in the twelve provinces of Israel, mainly of northern Israel, not including Jerusalem and the land of Judah, nor the 'foreign possessions' (verses 7–19).Dietrich 2007 236 The geographical organization of the list is interesting: beginning with the central mountains of Ephraim, moving north (Naphtali, Asher, and Issachar) and concluding with the south and south-east (Benjamin and Gad).Dietrich 2007 237 Verse 6 And Ahishar was over the household: and Adoniram the son of Abda was over the tribute.1 Kings 4:6 KJV KJV "Over the household": from he על־הבית, ‘al H 5921-ha-bā-yiṯ H 1004; a position first mentioned here, indicating the growing size of royal court; later in Ahab's and Hezekiah's court (cf. 1 Kings 18:3; 2 Kings 18:18; Isaiah 22:15).Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Kings 4". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019. "Adoniram": also mentioned in 1 Kings 5:14 and 12:18 where the name is spelled "Adoram" (cf. 2 Samuel 20:24);Coogan 2007 495 Hebrew Bible also spelled as "Hadoram" (2 Chronicles 10:18).Note on 1 Kings 4:6 in Berean Study Bible He was stoned to death by the Israelites to whom Rehoboam sent him, as a collector of tribute, after the revolt of the ten tribes to Jeroboam.Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. 1 Kings 4. Accessed 28 April 2019. "The tribute": or "forced labor" (NKJV), not the same as the Israelite labor force in 1 Kings 5:13 (cf. 1 Kings 11:28; 12:3–4).Coogan 2007 495 Hebrew Bible Solomon's prosperity and wisdom (4:20–34) right|thumb|200px|A map of Israel during the United Monarchy (Tiphsah was a trade outpost in northern Syria, at the bend in the Upper Euphrates) Under Solomon, the kingdom prospered and had a security from the neighboring states from the Euphrates to Egypt, while the state administration had become larger and more centralized since the time of Saul.Dietrich 2007 237 Verses 29–34 focus on Solomon's wisdom, a full circle of Solomon's history since 1 Kings 3:1–15, more on the academic aspect, instead of as a king or a judge.Dietrich 2007 237 In Solomon's time, science was already international, with the texts of wisdom from the whole of the ancient Near East (as found in archaeology) containing accumulated general knowledge. Solomon is named as the author of the many proverbs (verse 32; Proverbs 10:1; 25:1; hence also 1:1) and songs (Psalm 72, Psalm 127; Song 1:1).Dietrich 2007 237Coogan 2007 497 Hebrew Bible He also has ability to enumerate creation in natural order (verse 33; cf. Job 38–39, Psalm 104, and Genesis 1).Dietrich 2007 237Coogan 2007 497 Hebrew Bible See also 22em Bashan Beersheba Dan David Egypt Gilead Israel Jerusalem Jezreel Mahanaim Megiddo Zartanah Related Bible parts: 2 Chronicles 1, Job 38, Job 39, Psalm 72, Psalm 88, Psalm 89, Psalm 127 Notes References Sources Collins John J. Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures Chapter 14: 1 Kings 12 – 2 Kings 25 277–296 Fortress Press 2014 https://books.google.com/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ 978-1451469233 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Dietrich Walter 13. 1 and 2 Kings The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 232–266 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0300188271 Leithart Peter J. 1 & 2 Kings Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible Brazos Press 2006 https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_gvin9G7LgC 978-1587431258 McKane William Kings, Book of Metzger Bruce M Bruce M. Metzger Coogan Michael D The Oxford Companion to the Bible https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458 registration Oxford University Press 1993 409–413 978-0195046458 Metzger Bruce M Bruce M. Metzger Coogan Michael D The Oxford Companion to the Bible Oxford University Press 1993 978-0195046458 Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Melachim I - I Kings - Chapter 4 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Kings chapter 4. Bible Gateway 04 Category:Solomon