1868 Ecuador earthquakes

None 1868 Ecuador earthquakes Ecuador yes doublet 1868-08-15 19:30 1868-08-16 06:30 15 August 1868 16 August 1868 Afternoon 01:30 6.3 w y 6.7 w 810 20 km 0.31 -78.18 inline,title Ecuador, Colombia 70,000 thumb|Ruins of the Cathedral at Ibarra in 1875-6|250px thumb|Ruins of the Iglesia de la Compañía, Ibarra, photographed in 1870|250px The 1868 Ecuador earthquakes occurred at 19:30 UTC on August 15 and 06:30 UTC on 16 August 1868. They caused severe damage in the northeastern part of Ecuador and in southwestern Colombia. They had an estimated magnitude of 6.3 and 6.7 and together caused up to 70,000 casualties. The earthquake of 15 August occurred near El Ángel, Carchi Province, close to the border with Colombia, while that of August 16 occurred near Ibarra in Imbabura Province.Giesecke A. Capera A.A.G. Leschiutta I. Migliorini E. Valverde L.R. amp 2004 The CERESIS earthquake catalogue and database of the Andean Region: background, characteristics and examples of use Annals of Geophysics 47 2/3 421–435 http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/769/1/07Giesecke.pdf 22 August 2010 Reports of these earthquakes are often confused with the effects of the earthquake of 13 August at Arica.https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2143 Comments for the Significant Earthquake (16 August) National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 28 March 2022 Tectonic setting The active tectonics of Ecuador is dominated by the effects of the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate. The high degree of coupling across the plate boundary where the Carnegie Ridge is being subducted beneath northern Ecuador causes unusually intense intraplate deformation.Gutscher M.-A. Malavieille J. Lallemand S. Collot J.-Y. amp 1999 Tectonic segmentation of the North Andean margin: impact of the Carnegie Ridge collision Earth and Planetary Science Letters 168 3–4 255–270 http://www.gm.univ-montp2.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/Gutscher-EPSL99-Andes.pdf 24 August 2010 1999E&PSL.168..255G 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00060-6 12 August 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220812081049/http://www.gm.univ-montp2.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/Gutscher-EPSL99-Andes.pdf dead Known faults within the area of the earthquake epicenters are the SSW-NNE trending San Isidro, El Ángel, Río Ambi and Otavalo Faults, all considered to be dextral strike-slip faults, sometimes with reverse movement. All these faults are interpreted to have moved in the last 1.6 million years.https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-289/OFR-03-289-map.pdf Map of Quaternary Faults and Folds of Ecuador and Its Offshore Regions United States Geological Survey 2003 Open File Report OFR 03-289 23 August 2010 Damage 15 August The towns of El Ángel and La Concepcion were severely shaken by the first earthquake and El Ángel was described as "ruined".https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2142 Comments for the Significant Earthquake (15 August) National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 28 March 2022 16 August Ibarra was devastated, with every building destroyed and only a few walls left standing. Nearby Otavalo was left without a single house standing and 6,000 people died. In Imbabura Province, there were 15–20,000 casualties. Characteristics There was a minor foreshock the previous afternoon (possibly the 15 August event), with the mainshock occurring at 01:30 local time early on the morning of 16 August. The shaking lasted for one minute.Orton J. The Andes and the Amazon https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCUUVSz2toC&pg=PA129 124–134 2008 1870 BiblioBazaar, LLC 978-0-554-29708-8 X Aftermath The relief efforts were organised by Gabriel García Moreno, who had been appointed to that role by the federal government.Henderson P.V.N. Gabriel García Moreno and conservative state formation in the Andes https://books.google.com/books?id=f8hmmuVa7zUC&pg=PA136 LLILAS new interpretations of Latin America series 2008 University of Texas Press 978-0-292-71903-3 134–141 On 26 April each year, in the 'El Retorno' festival, Ibarra celebrates the return of the inhabitants in 1872 after a four-year absence following the earthquake.Kunstaetter R. Kunstaetter D. Footprint Ecuador and Galápagos https://books.google.com/books?id=ubtGvDKyvhsC&pg=PA180 20 August 2010 6th 2007 Footprint Travel Guides 978-1-904777-93-9 180 See also List of earthquakes in Colombia List of earthquakes in Ecuador List of historical earthquakes References External links El Terremoto de Ibarra del 16 de Agosto de 1868 page on this earthquake from the Instituto Geofísico, Ecuador (in Spanish) El Retorno: La Historia del Terremoto, Éxodo y Resurrección de Ibarra The Return: the story of the earthquake, the exodus of the population and the resurrection of Ibarra (in Spanish) expanded Category:Earthquakes in Ecuador Category:Earthquakes in Colombia Ecuador Earthquakes, 1868 Ecuador Earthquakes, 1868 Ecuador Earthquakes, 1868 Category:August 1868 Category:1868 disasters in South America Category:19th-century disasters in Ecuador