1964 United States presidential election

Election of Lyndon B. Johnson related races 1964 United States elections January 2026 August 2021 1964 United States presidential election United States 1960 presidential 1960 United States presidential election 1960 November 3, 1964 1968 United States presidential election 1968 538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral 62.8%http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present United States Election Project CQ Press 1.0 pp x200px 37 Lyndon Johnson 3x4 (cropped).jpg Lyndon B. Johnson Democratic Party (United States) Texas Hubert Humphrey 486 44 + DC 43,129,040 43,127,041 70,639,284 1 yes Barry-Goldwater 1968.webp Barry Goldwater Republican Party (United States) Arizona William E. Miller 52 6 27,175,754 27,175,754 70,639,284 1 yes 350px Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Johnson/Humphrey and red denotes those won by Goldwater/Miller. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia. President Lyndon B. Johnson Democratic Party (United States) Lyndon B. Johnson Democratic Party (United States) no Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 3, 1964, less than a year after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, who won the previous presidential election. The Democratic ticket of incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson and Senator Hubert Humphrey defeated the Republican ticket of Senator Barry Goldwater and Congressman William E. Miller in a landslide victory. Johnson won 61.1% of the popular vote, the highest popular vote percentage in American presidential election history since 1820. Johnson took office on November 22, 1963, following Kennedy's assassination, and generally continued his policies, except with greater emphasis on civil rights. He easily defeated a primary challenge from segregationist Alabama governor George Wallace to win the nomination. At the 1964 Democratic National Convention, Johnson selected liberal Minnesota senator Hubert Humphrey as his running mate. In the narrow Republican primary contest, conservative Arizona senator Barry Goldwater defeated liberal New York governor Nelson Rockefeller and Pennsylvania governor William Scranton. Johnson championed a series of anti-poverty programs, collectively known as the Great Society, and his passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Goldwater espoused a low-tax, small-government philosophy with an aggressive foreign policy. Although he personally opposed segregation and previously supported the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and 1960, Goldwater opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, saying it was unconstitutional. Democrats successfully portrayed Goldwater as a dangerous extremist; the "Daisy" television advertisement implied that he would be likely to wage a nuclear war. The Republican Party was divided between its moderate and conservative factions, with Rockefeller and other moderate party leaders refusing to campaign for Goldwater. During the campaign, the CIA was ordered to collect information on the Goldwater campaign and the Republican National Committee. Johnson became the fourth and most recent vice president to succeed the presidency following the death of his predecessor and win a full term in his own right.The previous three were Theodore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, and Harry S. Truman. After leading in all the polls during the campaign, Johnson carried 44 states and the District of Columbia, which voted for the first time in this election. Goldwater won his home state and swept the five states of the Deep South, due to the Democratic Party's strong support of civil rights and desegregation. With the exception of Louisiana voting for Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956, the Deep South states had never previously voted for a Republican presidential candidate since the end of Reconstruction in 1877. This was the last election in which the Democratic Party won a majority of the white vote, with 59% of white voters casting their ballot for Johnson over Goldwater. This was the last election in which the Democratic nominee carried Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska,Three Democrats (Barack Obama in 2008, Joe Biden in 2020, and Kamala Harris in 2024) have since won an electoral vote from Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District, but Johnson remains the last Democrat to carry the state as a whole. Kansas, or Oklahoma, and the only election ever in which the Democrats carried Alaska. This marked the first presidential election in history in which the Democrats carried Vermont, and conversely, the first in which the Republicans carried Georgia. As of 2024, this marks the last time that a Democratic presidential candidate has won more than 400 electoral votes, as well as 40 or more states. Assassination of President John F. Kennedy thumb|President John F. Kennedy in the Dallas motorcade moments before his assassination Assassination of John F. Kennedy On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, and Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson became president immediately following the assassination under the presidential succession line. Kennedy's death triggered widespread shock and grief, while opposing candidates were put in the awkward position of running against Johnson following the assassination.White 1965 19 During the national period of mourning, Republican leaders called for a political moratorium, so they would not appear to be disrespectful to Kennedy or Johnson.GOP Leaders Ask Halt in Campaign Homer Bigart Homer Bigart New York Times November 26, 1963 11White 1965 59–60 As such, little political activities were done by the candidates of either major party until January 1964, when the primary season officially began.White 1965 101 At the time, most political pundits saw Kennedy's assassination as leaving the nation politically unsettled. Nominations Democratic Party 1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries 65px|center|link=Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party (United States) 1964 Democratic Party ticket white Lyndon B. Johnson white Hubert Humphreyfor Presidentfor Vice President border|220x220px center|223x223px 36thPresident of the United States(1963–1969) U.S. Senatorfrom Minnesota(1949–1964)Campaign220x220px Candidates Until around the time of the convention, President Johnson insisted that he was undecided about seeking a second term, leading supporters in primaries to either write him in as a candidate or vote for Favorite sons. All of these "favorite sons" ultimately endorsed Johnson. This led to Johnson ultimately receiving 88.41% of the vote through his surrogates despite formally receiving only 17.8% of the vote. The only candidate other than President Johnson to actively campaign was then-Alabama Governor George Wallace, who ran in a number of northern primaries, though his candidacy was geared more towards promoting the philosophy of states' rights among a northern audience. While expecting support from delegations in the South, Wallace had "no illusions" that he was in contention for the presidency.https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/01/11/97156981.html?pageNumber=11 Jan 11, 1964: WALLACE CONSIDERS PRIMARIES IN NORTH New York Times January 25, 2018 The Mississippi Delegation At the national convention, the integrated Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) claimed the seats for delegates for Mississippi, not on the grounds of Party rules, but because the official Mississippi delegation had been elected by a white primary system. The national party's liberal leaders supported an even division of the seats between the two Mississippi delegations; Johnson was concerned that, while the regular Democrats of Mississippi would probably vote for Goldwater anyway, rejecting them would lose him the South. Eventually, Hubert Humphrey, Walter Reuther, and the black civil rights leaders, including Roy Wilkins, Martin Luther King Jr., and Bayard Rustin, worked out a compromise: The MFDP took two seats; the regular Mississippi delegation was required to pledge to support the party ticket; and no future Democratic convention would accept a delegation chosen by a discriminatory poll. Joseph L. Rauh Jr., the MFDP's lawyer, initially refused this deal, but they eventually took their seats. Many white delegates from Mississippi and Alabama refused to sign any pledge, and left the convention; and many young civil rights workers were offended by any compromise.Unger and Unger; LBJ; a Life (1999) pp. 325–326; Dallek Flawed Giant, p. 164. Johnson biographers Rowland Evans and Robert Novak claim that the MFDP fell under the influence of "black radicals" and rejected their seats.Evans and Novak (1966) pp. 451–456. Johnson would later lose Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and South Carolina in the general election. Vice-Presidential selection Johnson also faced trouble from Robert F. Kennedy, President Kennedy's younger brother and the U.S. Attorney General. Kennedy and Johnson's relationship was troubled from the time Robert Kennedy was a Senate staffer. Then-Majority Leader Johnson surmised that Kennedy's hostility was the direct result of the fact that Johnson frequently recounted a story that embarrassed the family patriarch, Joseph P. Kennedy, formerly the ambassador to the United Kingdom. According to his recounting, Johnson and President Franklin D. Roosevelt misled the ambassador, upon a return visit to the United States, to believe Roosevelt wished to meet in Washington for friendly purposes; in fact, Roosevelt planned to — and did — fire the ambassador, due to the latter's well-publicized views.Robert A. Caro; "The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Passage of Power" (2012), ch. 3 ("It's about Roosevelt and his father", Johnson said). The hostility between Johnson and Robert Kennedy was rendered mutual in the 1960 primaries and the 1960 Democratic National Convention, when Kennedy tried to prevent Johnson from becoming his brother's running mate. In early 1964, despite his personal animosity for the president, Kennedy tried to force Johnson to accept him as his running mate. Johnson eliminated this threat by announcing that none of his cabinet members would be considered for second place on the Democratic ticket. Johnson also became concerned that Kennedy might use his scheduled speech at the 1964 Democratic Convention to create a groundswell of emotion among the delegates to make him Johnson's running mate; he prevented this by deliberately scheduling Kennedy's speech on the last day of the convention, after his running mate had already been chosen. Shortly after the 1964 Democratic Convention, Kennedy decided to leave Johnson's cabinet and run for the U.S. Senate in New York; he won the general election in November. Johnson chose United States Senator Hubert Humphrey from Minnesota, a liberal and civil rights activist, as his running mate. Republican Party 1964 Republican Party presidential primaries Presidential campaigns 65px|center|link=Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party (United States) 1964 Republican Party ticket white Barry Goldwater white William E. Millerfor Presidentfor Vice President center|220x220px center|220x220pxU.S. Senatorfrom Arizona(1953–1965, 1969–1987)U.S. Representativefrom New York(1951–1965)Campaign220x220px Candidates In order of delegates and votes wonBarry GoldwaterWilliam ScrantonMargaret Chase SmithNelson RockefellerHiram FongHenry Cabot Lodge Jr.George W. RomneyWalter Juddcenter|135x135pxcenter|124x124pxcenter|124x124pxcenter|119x119pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|124x124pxcenter|121x121pxcenter|113x113pxU.S Senator from Arizona (1953–65, 1969–87)Governor of Pennsylvania (1963–67)U.S. Senator from Maine (1949–73)Governor of New York (1959–73)U.S Senator from Hawaii (1959–77)Ambassador to the United Nations (1953–60)Governor of Michigan (1963–69)Former Representative from Minnesota (1943–63)center|95x95pxcenter|96x96pxcenter|96x96pxcenter|96x96pxcenter|96x96px2,267,079 votes 1,220 PD Pledged Delegates245,401 votes 50 PD Pledged Delegates227.007 votes 22 PD Pledged Delegates1,304,204 votes 6 PD Pledged Delegates5 PD Pledged Delegates386,661 votes 3 PD Pledged Delegates1,955 votes 1 PD Pledged Delegates1 PD Pledged DelegatesHarold StassenJim RhodesJohn W. Byrnescenter|122x122pxcenter|127x127pxcenter|122x122pxFormer Governor of Minnesota (1939–43)Governor of Ohio (1963–71, 1975–83)Representative from Wisconsin (1945–73)114,083 votes615,754 votes 299,612 votes Primaries thumb|upright=1.4|Republican primaries results by state #c1c1c1 No primary held #423121 John W. Byrnes #a59400 Barry Goldwater #73638c Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. #668c63 Jim Rhodes #5d73e5 Nelson Rockefeller #c67742 William Scranton Technically, in South Dakota and Florida, Goldwater finished in second to "Unpledged Delegates", but he finished before all other candidates. The Republican Party (GOP) was badly divided in 1964 between its conservative and moderate-liberal factions. Former vice president Richard Nixon, who had been beaten by Kennedy in the 1960 presidential election, decided not to run. Nixon, a moderate with ties to both wings of the GOP, had been able to unite the factions in 1960; in his absence, the way was clear for the two factions to engage in a hard-fought campaign for the nomination. Barry Goldwater, a Senator from Arizona, was the champion of the conservatives. The conservatives had historically been based in the American Midwest, but beginning in the 1950s, they had been gaining in power in the South and West, and the core of Goldwater's support came from suburban conservative Republicans. The conservatives favored a low-tax, small federal government which supported individual rights and business interests, and opposed social welfare programs. They also supported an internationalist and interventionist foreign policy. The conservatives resented the dominance of the GOP's moderate wing, which was based in the Northeastern United States. Since 1940, the Eastern moderates had defeated conservative presidential candidates at the GOP's national conventions. The conservatives believed the Eastern Republicans were little different from liberal Democrats in their philosophy and approach to government. Goldwater's chief opponent for the Republican nomination was Nelson Rockefeller, the Governor of New York and the long-time leader of the GOP's more moderate Rockefeller Republicans. In 1961, a group of twenty-two conservatives, headed by Ohio Representative John M. Ashbrook, lawyer and National Review publisher William A. Rusher, and scholar F. Clifton White, met privately in Chicago to discuss the formation of a grass-roots organization to secure the nomination of a conservative as the 1964 Republican candidate. The main headquarters for the organization were established at Suite 3505 of the Chanin Building in New York City, leading members to refer to themselves as the "Suite 3505 Committee". Following the 1962 mid-term elections, they formally backed Goldwater, who notified them that he did not want to run for the presidency. In April 1963, they formed the Draft Goldwater Committee, chaired by Texas Republican Party Chairman Peter O'Donnell. The committee solidified growing conservative strength in the West and South, and began working to gain control of state parties in the Midwest from liberal Republicans. Throughout the rest of the year, speculation about a potential Goldwater candidacy grew, and grass-roots activism and efforts among conservative Republicans expanded.April 2024 Initially, Rockefeller was considered the front-runner, ahead of Goldwater. However, in 1963, two years after Rockefeller's divorce from his first wife, he was remarried to Margaretta "Happy" Murphy, who was nearly 18 years his junior and had just divorced her husband and surrendered her four children to his custody. How We Got Here: The '70s Frum David David Frum 2000 Basic Books New York 0-465-04195-7 58–59 https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/58 registration The fact that Murphy had suddenly divorced her husband before marrying Rockefeller led to rumors that Rockefeller had been having an extra-marital affair with Margaretta. This angered many social conservatives and female voters within the GOP, many of whom called Rockefeller a "wife stealer". After his remarriage, Rockefeller's lead among Republicans lost 20 points overnight. Senator Prescott Bush of Connecticut, the father of future President George H. W. Bush and grandfather of future President George W. Bush, was among Rockefeller's critics on this issue: "Have we come to the point in our life as a nation where the governor of a great state — one who perhaps aspires to the nomination for president of the United States — can desert a good wife, mother of his grown children, divorce her, then persuade a young mother of four youngsters to abandon her husband and their four children and marry the governor?" In the first primary, in New Hampshire, both Rockefeller and Goldwater were considered to be the favorites, but the voters instead gave a surprising victory to write-in candidate U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. who was Nixon's running mate in 1960 and a former Massachusetts senator. He went on to win the Massachusetts and New Jersey primaries, before withdrawing his candidacy because he had finally decided he did not want the Republican nomination.Johnson, Robert David, All the Way with LBJ, p. 111. 9780521425957 Despite his defeat in New Hampshire, Goldwater pressed on, winning the Illinois, Texas, and Indiana primaries, with little opposition, and Nebraska's primary, after a stiff challenge from a draft-Nixon movement. Goldwater also won a number of state caucuses, and gathered even more delegates. Meanwhile, Nelson Rockefeller won the West Virginia and Oregon primaries against Goldwater, and William Scranton won in his home state of Pennsylvania. Both Rockefeller and Scranton also won several state caucuses, mostly in the Northeast. The final showdown between Goldwater and Rockefeller was in the California primary. In spite of the previous accusations regarding his marriage, Rockefeller led Goldwater in most opinion polls in California, and he appeared headed for victory when his new wife gave birth to a son, Nelson Rockefeller Jr., three days before the primary. His son's birth brought the issue of adultery front and center, and Rockefeller suddenly lost ground in the polls. Combined with Goldwater conservatives' expanded dedicated efforts and superior organizing, Goldwater won the primary by a narrow 51–48% margin, thus eliminating Rockefeller as a serious contender and all but clinching the nomination. With Rockefeller's elimination, the party's moderates and liberals turned to William Scranton, the Governor of Pennsylvania, in the hopes that he could stop Goldwater. However, as the Republican Convention began, Goldwater was seen as the heavy favorite to win the nomination. This was notable, as it signified a shift to a more conservative-leaning Republican Party. Total popular vote Barry Goldwater – 2,267,079 (38.33%) Nelson Rockefeller – 1,304,204 (22.05%) Jim Rhodes – 615,754 (10.41%) Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. – 386,661 (6.54%) John W. Byrnes – 299,612 (5.07%) William Scranton – 245,401 (4.15%) Margaret Chase Smith – 227,007 (3.84%) Richard Nixon – 197,212 (3.33%) Unpledged – 173,652 (2.94%) Harold Stassen – 114,083 (1.93%) Other – 58,933 (0.99%) Lyndon B. Johnson (write-in) – 23,406 (0.40%) George W. Romney – 1,955 (0.03%) Convention The 1964 Republican National Convention, July 13–16 at Daly City, California's Cow Palace arena, was one of the most bitter in Republican history.CQ Almanac 1964 1965 Congressional Quarterly Washington, DC 20th 1079–80 Republicans Nominate Goldwater-Miller 1964 Ticket As Conservatives Dominate Convention https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal64-1303007 April 21, 2026 The party's moderates and conservatives openly expressed their contempt for each other. Rockefeller was loudly booed when he came to the podium for his speech; in his speech, he roundly criticized the party's conservatives, which led many conservatives in the galleries to yell and scream at him. A group of moderates tried to rally behind Scranton to stop Goldwater, but Goldwater's forces easily brushed his challenge aside,September 2023 and Goldwater was nominated on the first ballot. The presidential tally was as follows: Barry Goldwater 883 William Scranton 214 Nelson Rockefeller 114 George W. Romney 41 Margaret Chase Smith 27 Walter Judd 22 Hiram Fong 5 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 2 The vice-presidential nomination went to little-known Republican Party Chairman William E. Miller, a Representative from western New York. Goldwater stated that he chose Miller simply because "he drives [President] Johnson nuts". This would be the only Republican ticket from 1952 to 1972 that did not include Nixon. In accepting his nomination, Goldwater uttered the phrase (suggested by speechwriter Harry Jaffa): "I would remind you that extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice. And let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue."News Analysis; The Extremism Issue; Aides Say Goldwater Sought to Extol Patriotism and Defend His Party Stand https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/23/archives/news-analysis-the-extremism-issue-aides-say-goldwater-sought-to.html The New York Times February 3, 2021 July 23, 1964 Goldwater's seeming admission of being an extremist alarmed many Moderates who would later vote for Johnson in the general election. Following the convention many moderates, including Rockefeller, refused to endorse Goldwater. General election Polling Poll source Date(s)administered LyndonJohnson (D) BarryGoldwater (R) Other Undecided Margin Election ResultsNovember 3, 196461.05% 38.47% 0.48% - 22.58 HarrisNovember 2, 1964 Johnson Expected To Take 64% Of Popular Vote 1 Arizona Daily Star https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-daily-star-johnson-expected-to-t/161097603/ Newspapers.comNovember 2, 1964"Harris Polls" 62% 33% - 5% 29 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1907October 25–30, 1964 64% 29% - 7% 35 HarrisOctober 22, 1964 Johnson Takes Lead In Special Survey 1 The Daily Times-News https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-times-news-johnson-takes-lead/161097200/ Newspapers.comOctober 22, 1964"Harris Polls" 60% 34% - 6% 26 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1906October 8–13, 1964 64% 29% - 7% 35 HarrisOctober 11, 1964 Goldwater Gaining 5 The Daily Sentinel https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-sentinel-goldwater-gaining/161096995/ Newspapers.comOctober 11, 1964"Harris Polls" 58% 34% - 8% 24 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1903September 18–23, 1964 62% 32% - 6% 30 HarrisSeptember 20, 1964 LBJ Stays Ahead 5 The Daily Sentinel https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-sentinel-lbj-stays-ahead/161096764/ Newspapers.comSeptember 20, 1964"Harris Polls" 60% 32% - 8% 28 HarrisSeptember 2, 1964 LBJ Gains In South, Dips In North 3 The Patriot-News https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-patriot-news-lbj-gains-in-south-dip/161096555/ Newspapers.comSeptember 2, 1964"Harris Polls" 59% 32% - 9% 27 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1901Aug. 27-Sep. 2, 1964 65% 29% - 6% 36 August 24–27: Democratic National Convention RoperAugust 25, 1964 Roper Poll Puts Johnson Far Ahead Of Goldwater 4 The Courier-Journal https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-roper-poll-puts-john/161092264/ Newspapers.comAugust 23, 1964"Roper Polls" The publication date is used, as the dates of the survey were not given in the source. 67% 28% - 5% 39 HarrisAugust 14, 1964 Now LBJ 62-38 26 Lake Charles American-Press https://www.newspapers.com/article/lake-charles-american-press-now-lbj-62-3/161096149/ Newspapers.comAugust 14, 1964"Harris Polls" 59% 32% - 9% 27 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1898August 6–11, 1964 65% 29% - 6% 36 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1896July 23–28, 1964 59% 31% - 10% 28 HarrisJuly 23, 1964 Nominated, Goldwater Gains Surge Of Support For Office 2 The Columbian https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbian-nominated-goldwater-gains/161095670/ Newspapers.comJuly 23, 1964"Harris Polls" 61% 31% - 8% 30 July 13–16: Republican National Convention GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1894July 5–10, 1964 62% 26% - 12% 36 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1892June 25–30, 1964 76% 20% - 4% 56 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1890June 11–16, 1964 77% 18% - 5% 59 HarrisApril 6, 1964 Henry Cabot Lodge Is Leading All Others In GOP Campaign Race 1 Troy Daily News https://www.newspapers.com/article/troy-daily-news-henry-cabot-lodge-is-lea/161094305/ Newspapers.comApril 6, 1964"Harris Polls" 66% 26% - 8% 48 HarrisFebruary 17, 1964"Harris Polls" The publication date is used, as the dates of the survey were not given in the source. 64% 26% - 10% 38 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1860January 2–7, 1964 75% 18% - 7% 57 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1857December 12–17, 1963 75% 20% - 5% 55 HarrisNovember 29, 1963 Johnson Can Have Chance In 1964 33 Portland Press Herald https://www.newspapers.com/article/portland-press-herald-johnson-can-have-c/161093694/ Newspapers.comNovember 29, 1963"Harris Polls" 55% 33% - 12% 22 GallupGallup George George Gallup 1983 The 1935-1971 Gallup Poll Public Opinion, Volume III 1855November 22–27, 1963 78% 19% - 3% 59 Campaign thumb|right|First page of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Although Goldwater had been successful in rallying conservatives, he was unable to broaden his base of support for the general election. Shortly before the Republican Convention, he had alienated moderate and liberal Republicans by his vote against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which he opposed due to his opinion that it was unconstitutional,http://finduslaw.com/civil_rights_act_of_1964_cra_title_vii_equal_employment_opportunities_42_us_code_chapter_21 Civil Rights Act of 1964 – CRA – Title VII – Equal Employment Opportunities – 42 US Code Chapter 21 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100125033337/http://finduslaw.com/civil_rights_act_of_1964_cra_title_vii_equal_employment_opportunities_42_us_code_chapter_21 January 25, 2010 and which Johnson had supported following Kennedy's death and signed into law. Although a staunch supporter of racial equality, having voted in favor of the 1957 and 1960 civil rights bills, and the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, Goldwater felt that desegregation was primarily a states' rights issue, rather than a national policy. He thus believed the 1964 act to be unconstitutional. Goldwater's vote against the legislation helped lead African-Americans to overwhelmingly support Johnson.Barnes Bart May 30, 1998 Barry Goldwater, GOP Hero, Dies https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/daily/may98/goldwater30.htm The Washington Post November 6, 2016 Goldwater was also hurt by the reluctance of many prominent moderate Republicans to support him. Governors Nelson Rockefeller of New York and George W. Romney of Michigan refused to endorse Goldwater due to his stance on civil rights and his proposal to make Social Security voluntary, and did not campaign for him. On the other hand, former Vice President Richard Nixon and Governor William Scranton of Pennsylvania loyally supported the GOP ticket and campaigned for Goldwater, although Nixon did not entirely agree with Goldwater's political stances and said that it would "be a tragedy" if Goldwater's platform were not "challenged and repudiated" by the Republicans. Scranton also felt that Goldwater's proposal of voluntarizing Social Security was the "worst kind of fiscal responsibility".Black, Conrad (2007), p. 464. The New York Herald-Tribune, a voice for eastern Republicans (and a target for Goldwater activists during the primaries), supported Johnson in the general election. Some moderates even formed a "Republicans for Johnson" organization, although most prominent GOP politicians avoided being associated with it.Nation: The Social Security Argument, Time, October 23, 1964 Republican discontent with Goldwater was the focus of the Johnson campaign's advertisement "Confessions of a Republican". Fact magazine published an article polling psychiatrists around the country as to Goldwater's sanity. Some 1,189 psychiatrists appeared to agree that Goldwater was "emotionally unstable" and unfit for office, though none of the members had actually interviewed him. The article received heavy publicity and resulted in a change to the ethics guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association, now known as the Goldwater rule. In a libel suit, a federal court awarded Goldwater $1 in compensatory damages, and $75,000 in punitive damages.https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/30/books/review/30gillespie.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=goldwater%20psychiatrists%201964&st=cse The Hard Right Nick Gillespie Nick Gillespie July 30, 2006 New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/29/health/essay-the-perils-of-putting-national-leaders-on-the-couch.html?scp=3&sq=goldwater%20psychiatrists%201964&st=cse Essay; The Perils of Putting National Leaders on the Couch Sally Satel Sally Satel June 30, 2004 New York Timeshttps://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0A11F8345415738DDDAC0894D1405B858AF1D3&scp=6&sq=goldwater%20psychiatrists%201964&st=cse '64 Poll of Psychiatrists On Goldwater Defended The New York Times September 5, 1965https://www.nytimes.com/1968/05/16/archives/expert-condemns-goldwater-poll-tells-libel-trial-magazine-survey.html?sq=goldwater%2520psychiatrists%25201964&scp=14&st=cse EXPERT CONDEMNS GOLDWATER POLL – Tells Libel Trial Magazine Survey Was 'Loaded' The New York Times May 16, 1968https://www.nytimes.com/1968/05/25/archives/goldwater-awarded-75000-in-damages-in-his-suit-for-libel-goldwater.html?sq=goldwater%2520psychiatrists%25201964&scp=34&st=cse Goldwater Awarded $75,000 in Damages In His Suit for Libel 1 The New York Times May 25, 1968 Eisenhower's strong backing could have been an asset to the Goldwater campaign, but instead, its absence was clearly noticed. When questioned about the presidential capabilities of the former president's younger brother, university administrator Milton S. Eisenhower, in July 1964, Goldwater replied: "One Eisenhower in a generation is enough." However, Eisenhower did not openly repudiate Goldwater, and made one television commercial for Goldwater's campaign.https://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1964/ike-at-gettysburg The Living Room Candidate - Commercials - 1964 - Ike at Gettysburg www.livingroomcandidate.org A prominent Hollywood celebrity who vigorously supported Goldwater was Ronald Reagan. Reagan gave a well-received televised speech supporting Goldwater; it was so popular that Goldwater's advisors had it played on local television stations around the nation. Many historians consider this speech — "A Time for Choosing" — to mark the beginning of Reagan's transformation from an actor to a political leader. In 1966, Reagan would be elected Governor of California. Goldwater did not have ties to the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), but he was publicly endorsed by members of the organization.Jamieson Kathleen Hall 1964: Goldwater vs. Goldwater 1996-06-20 Packaging The Presidency 169–220 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089417.003.0005 2024-04-12 Oxford University PressNew York, NY 10.1093/oso/9780195089417.003.0005 978-0-19-508941-7 subscription Ku Klux Klan Members Supporting Barry Goldwater's Campaign for the Presidential Nomination at the Republican National Convention, San Francisco, California, as an African American Man Pushes Signs Back http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11645040.cmp.18 2024-04-12 10.3998/mpub.11645040.cmp.18 subscription Lyndon B. Johnson exploited this association during the elections,Beerman Jill Diamond Edwin Bates Stephen 1985 The Spot: The Rise of Political Advertising on Television http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4611507 The Antioch Review 43 3 366 10.2307/4611507 4611507 0003-5769 subscription but Goldwater barred the KKK from supporting him and denounced them.2002-03-29 New York Times New York City Poll, August 2001 http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr03344.v3 2024-04-12 ICPSR Data Holdings 10.3886/icpsr03344.v3 subscription Goldwater's gaffes Goldwater often spoke off-the-cuff, and many of his unplanned statements were given wide publicity by the Democrats. In the early 1960s, Goldwater had called the Eisenhower administration "a dime store New Deal".April 2024 In December 1961, he told a news conference that "sometimes, I think this country would be better off if we could just saw off the Eastern Seaboard and let it float out to sea", a remark which indicated his dislike of the liberal economic and social policies that were often associated with that part of the nation. That comment came back to hurt him, in the form of a Johnson television commercial,https://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1964/eastern-seabord The Living Room Candidate - Commercials - 1964 - Eastern Seabord www.livingroomcandidate.org as did remarks about making Social Security voluntary (something that even his running mate Miller felt would lead to the destruction of the system)https://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1964/social-security The Living Room Candidate - Commercials - 1964 - Social Security www.livingroomcandidate.org and selling the Tennessee Valley Authority. In a widely publicised verbal gaffe, Goldwater once joked that the U.S. military should "lob one [a nuclear bomb] into the men's room of the Kremlin" in the Soviet Union. Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution Meanwhile, President Johnson was concerned he could lose the election by appearing soft on Communism.Karnow (1983), p. 371. On July 10, the Maddox DD-731 6 was ordered into the Gulf of Tonkin, authorized to "maintain contact with the U.S. military command in Saigon ... and arrange 'such communications ... as may be desired'".Karnow (1983), p. 366. On July 30, South Vietnamese commandos tried to attack the North Vietnamese radar station on the island of Hon Me,Karnow (1983), p. 367. with the USS Maddox sufficiently close that the North Vietnamese believed it was there to provide cover for that commando raid.Karnow (1983), p. 370. North Vietnam filed an official complaint with the International Control Commission, accusing the United States of being behind the raid. On August 2, the Maddox reported having been attacked by three North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats.Moïse (1996), pp. 50, 78. Johnson called Soviet Premier Khrushchev, saying the US did not want war and asking the Soviets to convince North Vietnam to not attack American warships.Karnow (1983), pp. 368–369. The next day, August 3, South Vietnamese raided Cape Vinhson and Cua Ron. That night, in the middle of a thunderstorm, the Maddox intercepted radio messages that gave them "the 'impression' that Communist patrol boats were bracing for [another] assault". They called for air support from the Ticonderoga CV-14 6. The pilots didn't see anything, but the Maddox and the nearby Turner Joy started shooting in all directions. However, after the incident, all US personnel involved acknowledged they had neither seen nor heard Communist gunfire. Nevertheless, Johnson and an aide Kenneth O'Donnell agreed that Johnson "would have to respond firmly to defend himself against Goldwater and the Republican right wing". Johnson denounced the attack as "unprovoked" and Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving the president the power to do effectively whatever they felt necessary in Vietnam and began major US involvement in the Vietnam War, and left Goldwater looking like an irresponsible hawk.Karnow (1983), pp. 368–374. Moïse (1996) noted that the Johnson administration did not intentionally fake the incident. However, it's clear that Johnson was under pressure to do something, the attacks that actually occurred earlier were not "unprovoked", as Johnson claimed, and once he had taken action, he could not easily admit that the evidence was over-stated. Ads and slogans thumb|thumbtime=3|Full "Daisy" advertisement Johnson positioned himself as a moderate, and succeeded in portraying Goldwater as an extremist. CIA Director William Colby asserted that Tracy Barnes instructed the CIA to spy on the Goldwater campaign and the Republican National Committee, to provide information to Johnson's campaign; E. Howard Hunt, later implicated as a ringleader in the Watergate scandal, disputed this, instead claiming the operation had been ordered by the White House.Usdin, Steve (May 22, 2018). "When the CIA Infiltrated a Presidential Campaign" (Politico) In his memoir Goldwater reported that during his 1964 campaign "our telephones had been bugged" and "our security had been penetrated. The opposition appeared to possess some of the details of our plans and strategies the minute a decision was made".Goldwater Barry With No Apologies 1979 William Morrow and Company 263 Goldwater had a habit of making blunt statements about war, nuclear weapons, and economics that could be turned against him. The Johnson campaign exploited this, broadcasting a television commercial on September 7 dubbed the "Daisy Girl" ad, which featured a little girl picking petals from a daisy in a field, counting the petals, which then segues into a launch countdown and a nuclear explosion.https://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1964/peace-little-girl-daisy The Living Room Candidate - Commercials - 1964 - Peace Little Girl (Daisy) www.livingroomcandidate.org The ads were in response to Goldwater's advocacy of "tactical" nuclear weapons use in Vietnam.Farber, David. The Age of Great Dreams: America in the 1960s. 1429931264 "Confessions of a Republican", another Johnson ad, features a monologue from a man who tells viewers that he had previously voted for Eisenhower and Nixon, but now worries about the "men with strange ideas", "weird groups", and "the head of the Ku Klux Klan" who were supporting Goldwater; he concludes that "either they're not Republicans, or I'm not".https://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1964/confessions-of-a-republican The Living Room Candidate - Commercials - 1964 - Confessions of a Republican www.livingroomcandidate.org Voters increasingly viewed Goldwater as a right-wing fringe candidate. His slogan, "In your heart, you know he's right", was parodied by the Johnson campaign into, "In your guts, you know he's nuts", or, "In your heart, you know he might" (as in "he might push the nuclear button"), or even, "In your heart, he's too far right".10 worst political slogans of all time https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/the-filter/10-worst-political-slogans-of-all-time/in-your-heart-you-know-hes-right/ The Daily Telegraph February 3, 2021 March 23, 2016Election and the Vietnam War https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lyndon-B-Johnson/Election-and-the-Vietnam-War Encyclopædia Britannica February 3, 2021 The Johnson campaign's greatest concern may have been voter complacency leading to low turnout in key states. To counter this, all of Johnson's broadcast ads concluded with the line: "Vote for President Johnson on November 3. The stakes are too high for you to stay home."Barth Jay 2016-05-12 1964 redux: The stakes are too high for you to stay at home https://arktimes.com/columns/jay-barth/2016/05/12/1964-redux-the-stakes-are-too-high-for-you-to-stay-at-home 2023-05-18 Arkansas Times en-USThe Living Room Candidate - Commercials - 1964 - Republican Convention http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1964/republican-convention 2023-05-18 www.livingroomcandidate.org The Democratic campaign used two other slogans: "All the way with LBJ";Wilkes G. A. all the way with LBJ 2008 https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195563160.001.0001/acref-9780195563160-e-27 A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms 2023-05-18 Oxford University Press en 10.1093/acref/9780195563160.001.0001 978-0-19-556316-0 subscription 1961-04-14 The Vice-Presidency: All the Way with LBJ. en-US Time https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,872238,00.html 2023-05-18 0040-781X[Delegates on the floor at the 1964 Democratic National Convention, Atlantic City, New Jersey; large banner reading "New York for LBJ all the way..."] / WKL. https://www.loc.gov/item/2014645524/ 2023-05-18 Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA and, "LBJ for the USA".https://www.loc.gov/item/2012646840/ LBJ for the USA Library of Congress The election campaign was disrupted for a week by the death of former president Herbert Hoover on October 20, 1964, because it was considered disrespectful to be campaigning during a time of mourning. Hoover died of natural causes. He had been U.S. president from 1929 to 1933. Both major candidates attended his funeral.Best, Gary Dean. Herbert Hoover, the Post-Presidential Years, 1933–1964: 1946–1964. pp. 415, 431–432 0817977511 Johnson led in all opinion polls by huge margins throughout the entire campaign."Gallup Presidential Election Trial-Heat Trends, 1936–2008". Gallup, Inc. Results thumb|right|upright=1.4|Election results by county.#1560BD Lyndon B. Johnson 1px #AAAAAA solid #E32636 Barry Goldwater 1px #AAAAAA solid #00A550 Unpledged electors 1px #AAAAAA solid The election was held on November 3, 1964. Johnson beat Goldwater in the general election, winning over 61% of the popular vote. In the end, Goldwater won only his native state of Arizona and five Deep South states — Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina — which had been increasingly alienated by Democratic civil rights policies, and where Jim Crow laws tended to be still active to varying degrees, before the following year's Voting Rights Act outlawed them entirely. The five Southern states that voted for Goldwater swung over dramatically to support him. For instance, in Mississippi, where Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt had won 97% of the popular vote in 1936, Goldwater won 87% of the vote.Kornacki, Steve (February 3, 2011). "The 'Southern Strategy', fulfilled". Salon.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20110413151441/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/03/reagan_southern_strategy/index.html April 13, 2011 . Of these states, Louisiana had been the only state where a Republican had won even once since Reconstruction, in 1956. Georgia had never voted Republican before this election, South Carolina last did so in 1876, and Mississippi and Alabama last did so in 1872. thumb|right|Results by congressional district. The 1964 election was a major transition point for the South, and an important step in the process by which the Democrats' former "Solid South" became a Republican bastion. Nonetheless, Johnson still managed to eke out a bare popular majority of 51–49% (6.307 to 5.993 million) in the eleven former Confederate states. Conversely, Johnson was the first Democrat ever to carry the state of Vermont in a presidential election, and only the second Democrat, after Woodrow Wilson in 1912, when the Republican Party was divided, to carry Maine since the Republican Party was founded in 1854. Maine and Vermont had been the only states that FDR had failed to carry during any of his four successful presidential bids. Around twenty percent of the people who had voted for Nixon in the 1960 election switched their support to Johnson.Murphy Paul 1974 Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present G. P. Putnam's Sons Of the 3,126 counties/districts/independent cities making returns, Johnson won in 2,275 (72.77%), while Goldwater carried 826 (26.42%). Unpledged electors carried six counties in Alabama (0.19%). Johnson was the first president whose home state was in the former Confederacy since Zachary Taylor in 1848. Goldwater was the only Republican presidential candidate between 1952 and 1992 to never have served as president. Johnson's landslide victory coincided with the defeat of many conservative Republican congressmen. The subsequent 89th Congress would pass major legislation such as the Social Security Amendments of 1965 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The 1964 election marked the beginning of a major, long-term re-alignment in American politics, as Goldwater's unsuccessful bid significantly influenced the modern conservative movement. The movement of conservatives to the Republican Party continued, culminating in the 1980 presidential victory of Ronald Reagan. This was the first election to have the participation of the District of Columbia, under the Twenty-third Amendment to the US Constitution from 1961. The Johnson campaign broke two American election records previously held by Franklin Roosevelt: the most Electoral College votes won by a major-party candidate running for the White House for the first time (with 486 to the 472 won by Roosevelt in 1932); and the largest share of the popular vote under the current Democratic/Republican competition (Roosevelt won 60.8% nationwide, Johnson 61.1%). This first-time electoral count was exceeded when Ronald Reagan won 489 votes in 1980. This was also the last election until 1988 in which the Democrats carried Iowa or Oregon, 1992 in which the Democrats carried California, Colorado, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, New Jersey, New Hampshire, or Vermont, and 2008 in which the Democrats carried Virginia or Indiana. As such, this was the most recent presidential election in which the entire Midwestern region voted Democratic. This is also the only election between 1952 and 1972 in which Richard Nixon did not appear on the Republican ticket. 1964 May 8, 2013 1964 August 7, 2005 Lyndon B. Johnson (incumbent) Democratic Texas 43,129,040 61.05% 486 Hubert Humphrey Minnesota Barry Goldwater Republican Arizona 27,175,754 38.47% 52 William E. Miller New York (unpledged electors) Democratic Alabama 210,732 0.30% 0 Alabama Eric Hass Socialist Labor New York 45,189 0.06% 0 Henning A. Blomen Massachusetts Clifton DeBerry Socialist Workers Illinois 32,706 0.05% 0 Ed Shaw Michigan E. Harold Munn Prohibition Michigan 23,267 0.03% 0 Mark R. Shaw Massachusetts John Kasper States' Rights New York 6,953 0.01% 0 J. B. Stoner Georgia Joseph B. Lightburn Constitution West Virginia 5,061 0.01% 0 Theodore Billings Colorado 13,049 0.02% 70,641,751 538 270 Popular vote 600px 410px Johnson Democratic Party (US) 61.05 Goldwater Republican Party (US) 38.47 Others #777777 0.48 Electoral vote 600px 410px Johnson Democratic Party (US) 90.33 Goldwater Republican Party (US) 9.67 Aftermath Although Goldwater was decisively defeated, some political pundits and historians believe he laid the foundation for the conservative Reagan Revolution to follow. Among them is Rick Perlstein, historian of the American conservative movement, who wrote of Goldwater's defeat: "Here was one time, at least, when history was written by the losers."Perlstein Richard Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus Nation Books 2001 978-1-56858-412-6 New York x Ronald Reagan's speech on Goldwater's behalf, grass-roots organization, and the temporary conservative takeover of the Republican Party would all help to bring about the Reagan Revolution of the 1980s. At the time, voters with college degrees were a Republican-leaning group, while voters without college degrees were a Democratic-leaning group. Educational polarization would not truly begin until 2000.https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/05/29/educated-voters-leftward-shift-is-surprisingly-old-and-international Educated voters' leftward shift is surprisingly old and international The Economist May 29, 2021 May 8, 2026 In contrast, the relationship between education and ideology began to reverse as early as the 1960s. Every year, the 10% of voters with the most years of schooling gravitated towards left-wing parties, while the remaining 90% slid the other way. By 2000, this had gone on for so long that, as a group, the most educated voters became more left-wing than their less-educated peers. The gap has only grown since then. Johnson used his victory in the 1964 election to launch the Great Society program at home, sign the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and start the War on Poverty. He also escalated the Vietnam War, which eroded his popularity. By 1968, Johnson's popularity had declined, and the Democrats became so split over his candidacy that he withdrew as a candidate. Moreover, his support of civil rights for blacks helped split white Southerners away from Franklin D. Roosevelt's Democratic New Deal Coalition, which would later lead to the phenomenon of the "Reagan Democrat".Reagan, the South and Civil Rights https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1953700 February 9, 2021 NPR.org June 10, 2004 Williams Juan Of the 14 presidential elections that followed up to 2020, Democrats would win only six times, although in eight of those elections the Democratic candidate received the highest number of popular votes. The election also furthered the shift of the black voting electorate away from the Republican Party, a phenomenon which had begun with the New Deal. Since the 1964 election, Democratic presidential candidates have almost consistently won 80–95% of the black vote in each presidential election. Geography of results 650px|thumb|left|Results by state Cartographic gallery Results by state Source:http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1964&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0 1964 Presidential General Election Data – National March 18, 2013 States/districts won by Johnson/HumphreyStates/districts won by Goldwater/Miller Lyndon B. JohnsonDemocratic Barry GoldwaterRepublican Unpledged electorsUnpledged Democratic Other Margin State total State electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % # Alabama 10 - - - 479,085 69.45 10 210,732 30.55 - - - - −268,353 −38.90 689,817 AL Alaska 3 44,329 65.91 3 22,930 34.09 - - - - - - - 21,399 31.82 67,259 AK Arizona 5 237,753 49.45 - 242,535 50.45 5 - - - 482 0.10 - −4,782 −1.00 480,770 AZ Arkansas 6 314,197 56.06 6 243,264 43.41 - - - - 2,965 0.53 - 70,933 12.66 560,426 AR California 40 4,171,877 59.11 40 2,879,108 40.79 - - - - 6,601 0.10 - 1,292,769 18.32 7,057,586 CA Colorado 6 476,024 61.27 6 296,767 38.19 - - - - 4,195 0.54 - 179,257 23.07 776,986 CO Connecticut 8 826,269 67.81 8 390,996 32.09 - - - - 1,313 0.11 - 435,273 35.72 1,218,578 CT Delaware 3 122,704 60.95 3 78,078 38.78 - - - - 538 0.27 - 44,626 22.17 201,320 DE D. C. 3 169,796 85.50 3 28,801 14.50 - - - - - - - 140,995 71.00 198,597 DC Florida 14 948,540 51.15 14 905,941 48.85 - - - - - - - 42,599 2.30 1,854,481 FL Georgia 12 522,557 45.87 - 616,584 54.12 12 - - - 195 0.02 - −94,027 −8.25 1,139,336 GA Hawaii 4 163,249 78.76 4 44,022 21.24 - - - - - - - 119,227 57.52 207,271 HI Idaho 4 148,920 50.92 4 143,557 49.08 - - - - - - - 5,363 1.83 292,477 ID Illinois 26 2,796,833 59.47 26 1,905,946 40.53 - - - - 62 0.00 - 890,887 18.94 4,702,841 IL Indiana 13 1,170,848 55.98 13 911,118 43.56 - - - - 9,640 0.46 - 259,730 12.42 2,091,606 IN Iowa 9 733,030 61.88 9 449,148 37.92 - - - - 2,361 0.20 - 283,882 23.97 1,184,539 IA Kansas 7 464,028 54.09 7 386,579 45.06 - - - - 7,294 0.85 - 77,449 9.03 857,901 KS Kentucky 9 669,659 64.01 9 372,977 35.65 - - - - 3,469 0.33 - 296,682 28.36 1,046,105 KY Louisiana 10 387,068 43.19 - 509,225 56.81 10 - - - - - - −122,157 −13.63 896,293 LA Maine 4 262,264 68.84 4 118,701 31.16 - - - - 256 0.07 - 143,563 37.68 381,221 ME Maryland 10 730,912 65.47 10 385,495 34.53 - - - - 50 0.00 - 345,417 30.94 1,116,457 MD Massachusetts 14 1,786,422 76.19 14 549,727 23.44 - - - - 8,649 0.37 - 1,236,695 52.74 2,344,798 MA Michigan 21 2,136,615 66.70 21 1,060,152 33.10 - - - - 6,335 0.20 - 1,076,463 33.61 3,203,102 MI Minnesota 10 991,117 63.76 10 559,624 36.00 - - - - 3,721 0.24 - 431,493 27.76 1,554,462 MN Mississippi 7 52,618 12.86 - 356,528 87.14 7 - - - - - - −303,910 −74.28 409,146 MS Missouri 12 1,164,344 64.05 12 653,535 35.95 - - - - - - - 510,809 28.10 1,817,879 MO Montana 4 164,246 58.95 4 113,032 40.57 - - - - 1,350 0.48 - 51,214 18.38 278,628 MT Nebraska 5 307,307 52.61 5 276,847 47.39 - - - - - - - 30,460 5.22 584,154 NE Nevada 3 79,339 58.58 3 56,094 41.42 - - - - - - - 23,245 17.16 135,433 NV New Hampshire 4 184,064 63.89 4 104,029 36.11 - - - - - - - 78,036 27.78 288,093 NH New Jersey 17 1,867,671 65.61 17 963,843 33.86 - - - - 15,256 0.54 - 903,828 31.75 2,846,770 NJ New Mexico 4 194,017 59.22 4 131,838 40.24 - - - - 1,760 0.54 - 62,179 18.98 327,615 NM New York 43 4,913,156 68.56 43 2,243,559 31.31 - - - - 9,300 0.13 - 2,669,597 37.25 7,166,015 NY North Carolina 13 800,139 56.15 13 624,844 43.85 - - - - - - - 175,295 12.30 1,424,983 NC North Dakota 4 149,784 57.97 4 108,207 41.88 - - - - 398 0.15 - 41,577 16.09 258,389 ND Ohio 26 2,498,331 62.94 26 1,470,865 37.06 - - - - - - - 1,027,466 25.89 3,969,196 OH Oklahoma 8 519,834 55.75 8 412,665 44.25 - - - - - - - 107,169 11.49 932,499 OK Oregon 6 501,017 63.72 6 282,779 35.96 - - - - 2,509 0.32 - 218,238 27.75 786,305 OR Pennsylvania 29 3,130,954 64.92 29 1,673,657 34.70 - - - - 18,079 0.37 - 1,457,297 30.22 4,822,690 PA Rhode Island 4 315,463 80.87 4 74,615 19.13 - - - - 13 0.00 - 240,848 61.74 390,091 RI South Carolina 8 215,700 41.10 - 309,048 58.89 8 - - - 8 0.00 - −93,348 −17.79 524,756 SC South Dakota 4 163,010 55.61 4 130,108 44.39 - - - - - - - 32,902 11.22 293,118 SD Tennessee 11 634,947 55.50 11 508,965 44.49 - - - - 34 0.00 - 125,982 11.01 1,143,946 TN Texas 25 1,663,185 63.32 25 958,566 36.49 - - - - 5,060 0.19 - 704,619 26.82 2,626,811 TX Utah 4 219,628 54.86 4 180,682 45.14 - - - - - - - 38,946 9.73 400,310 UT Vermont 3 108,127 66.30 3 54,942 33.69 - - - - 20 0.01 - 53,185 32.61 163,089 VT Virginia 12 558,038 53.54 12 481,334 46.18 - - - - 3,107 0.30 - 76,704 7.36 1,042,267 VA Washington 9 779,881 61.97 9 470,366 37.37 - - - - 8,309 0.66 - 309,515 24.59 1,258,556 WA West Virginia 7 538,087 67.94 7 253,953 32.06 - - - - - - - 284,134 35.87 792,040 WV Wisconsin 12 1,050,424 62.09 12 638,495 37.74 - - - - 2,896 0.17 - 411,929 24.35 1,691,815 WI Wyoming 3 80,718 56.56 3 61,998 43.44 - - - - - - - 18,720 13.12 142,716 WY TOTALS: 538 43,129,040 61.05 486 27,175,754 38.47 52 210,732 0.30 - 336,957 0.48 - 15,951,287 22.58 70,641,751 US States that flipped from Republican to Democratic Alaska California Colorado Florida Idaho Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Montana Nebraska New Hampshire North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota Tennessee Utah Virginia Vermont Washington Wisconsin Wyoming States that flipped from Democratic to Republican Georgia Louisiana South Carolina States that flipped from Unpledged to Republican Alabama Mississippi Close states Margin of victory less than 1% (5 electoral votes): Arizona, 0.99% (4,782 votes) Margin of victory over 1%, but less than 5% (18 electoral votes): Idaho, 1.83% (5,363 votes) Florida, 2.30% (42,599 votes) Margin of victory over 5%, but less than 10% (40 electoral votes): Nebraska, 5.22% (30,460 votes) Virginia, 7.36% (76,704 votes) Georgia, 8.25% (94,027 votes) Kansas, 9.03% (77,449 votes) Utah, 9.73% (38,946 votes) Tipping point: Washington, 24.59% (309,515 votes) Statistics Counties with highest percent of vote (Democratic) Duval County, Texas 92.55% Knott County, Kentucky 90.61% Webb County, Texas 90.08% Jim Hogg County, Texas 89.87% Menominee County, Wisconsin 89.12% Counties with highest percent of vote (Republican) Holmes County, Mississippi 96.59% Noxubee County, Mississippi 96.59% Amite County, Mississippi 96.38% Leake County, Mississippi 96.23% Franklin County, Mississippi 96.05% Counties with highest percent of vote (other) Macon County, Alabama 61.54% Limestone County, Alabama 56.01% Jackson County, Alabama 53.53% Lauderdale County, Alabama 52.45% Colbert County, Alabama 51.41% Voter demographics The 1964 presidential vote by demographic subgroup Demographic subgroupJohnsonGoldwater Total vote 61 38Gender Men 60 40 Women 62 38Age 18–29 years old 64 36 30–49 years old 61 39 50 and older 59 41Race White 59 41 Black 94 6Religion Protestants 55 45 Catholics 76 24Party Democrats 87 13 Republicans 20 80 Independents 56 44Education Less than high school 66 34 High school 62 38 College graduate or higher 52 48Occupation Professional and business 54 46 White-collar 57 43 Blue-collar 71 29Region Northeast 68 32 Midwest 61 39 South 52 48 West 60 40Union households Union 73 27 Source:Election Polls -- Vote by Groups, 1960-1964 http://www.gallup.com/poll/9454/Election-Polls-Vote-Groups-19601964.aspx Gallup June 30, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20110726155334/http://www.gallup.com/poll/9454/Election-Polls-Vote-Groups-19601964.aspx July 26, 2011 See also Conservatism in the United States History of the United States (1964–1980) History of the United States Democratic Party History of the United States Republican Party Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 United States gubernatorial elections 1964 United States House of Representatives elections 1964 United States Senate elections Natural born citizen of the United States (regarding Goldwater's constitutional eligibility to be president) Scientists and Engineers for Johnson–Humphrey Notes References 2 Sources Q108903453 Q108905649 Further reading Barry Goldwater#References "Election of 1964" in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. ed. Coming to Power: Critical Presidential Elections in American History (1972) pp. 458–487. online Annunziata, Frank. "The Revolt Against the Welfare State: Goldwater Conservatism and the Election of 1964." Presidential Studies Quarterly 10.2 (1980): 254–265. online Barone Michael Michael Barone (pundit) Grant Ujifusa The Almanac of American Politics 1966: The Senators, the Representatives and the Governors: Their Records and Election Results, Their States and Districts 1967 Mary C. Brennan Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the G.O.P. University of North Carolina Press 1995 Burdick Eugene The 480 1964 Eugene Burdick – a political fiction novel around the Republican campaign. Converse, Philip E., Aage R. Clausen, and Warren E. Miller. "Electoral myth and reality: the 1964 election." American Political Science Review 59.2 (1965): 321–336. online, widely cited based on voter surveys. Dallek Robert Robert Dallek Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President https://archive.org/details/lyndonbjohnsonpo00dall registration 2004 Oxford University Press, USA 978-0-19-515920-2 Davies, Gareth, and Julian E. Zelizer, eds. America at the Ballot Box: Elections and Political History (2015) pp. 184–195, role of liberalism. Gary Donaldson Liberalism's Last Hurrah: The Presidential Campaign of 1964 M. E. Sharpe 2003 0-7656-1119-8 registration https://archive.org/details/liberalismslasth0000dona Erikson, Robert S. "The influence of newspaper endorsements in presidential elections: The case of 1964." American Journal of Political Science (1976): 207–233. online Farrington, Joshua D. (2020). "Evicted from the Party: Black Republicans and the 1964 Election". Journal of Arizona History 61.1: 127–148. Fraser, Steve Gary Gerstle Gary Gerstle The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980 1990 Goldberg Robert Alan Barry Goldwater 1995 Hamby Alonzo Alonzo Hamby Liberalism and Its Challengers: From F.D.R. to Bush 1992 Godfrey Hodgson The World Turned Right Side Up: A History of the Conservative Ascendancy in America https://archive.org/details/worldturnedright00hodg registration Houghton Mifflin Company 1996 9780395822944 Jensen Richard Grass Roots Politics: Parties, Issues, and Voters, 1854–1983 1983 Johnstone, Andrew, and Andrew Priest, eds. US Presidential Elections and Foreign Policy: Candidates, Campaigns, and Global Politics from FDR to Bill Clinton (2017) pp 154–176. online Jurdem, Laurence R. "'The Media Were Not Completely Fair to You': Foreign Policy, the Press and the 1964 Goldwater Campaign". Journal of Arizona History 61.1 (2020): 161–180. Jonathan Martin Kolkey The New Right, 1960–1968: With Epilogue, 1969–1980 1983 Ladd Everett Carll Jr. Everett Carll Ladd Charles D. Hadley Transformations of the American Party System: Political Coalitions from the New Deal to the 1970s 2nd 1978 Stephan Lesher George Wallace https://archive.org/details/georgewallaceame00step registration 1995 Lisa McGirr Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right https://archive.org/details/suburbanwarriors00mcgi registration 2002 Princeton University Press 9780691059037 Mann, Robert (2011). Daisy Petals and Mushroom Clouds: LBJ, Barry Goldwater and the Ad That Changed American Politics. Louisiana State University Press. Jeffrey J. Matthews To Defeat a Maverick: The Goldwater Candidacy Revisited, 1963–1964 Presidential Studies Quarterly 27 4 1997 662 online Middendorf, J. William (2006). A Glorious Disaster: Barry Goldwater's Presidential Campaign and the Origins of the Conservative Movement. Basic Books. Nicol C. Rae Southern Democrats Oxford University Press 1994 Rice, Ross R. "The 1964 Elections in the West." Western Political Quarterly 18.2-2 (1965): 431–438, with full articles on each Western state. Anderson, Totton J., and Eugene C. Lee. "The 1964 election in California." Western Political Quarterly 18.2-2 (1965): 451–474. Rick Perlstein Rick Perlstein Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus 2002 https://archive.org/details/beforestormbarry0000perl Schuparra, Kurt. "Barry Goldwater and Southern California Conservatism: Ideology, Image and Myth in the 1964 California Republican Presidential Primary." Southern California Quarterly 74.3 (1992): 277–298. online Shermer, Elizabeth Tandy, ed. Barry Goldwater and the remaking of the American political landscape (University of Arizona Press, 2013). Sundquist James L. Dynamics of the Party System: Alignment and Realignment of Political Parties in the United States https://archive.org/details/dynamicsofpartys00sund registration 1983 White Theodore Theodore H. White The Making of the President: 1964 https://archive.org/details/makingofpresiden00whit registration 1965 New York, Atheneum Publishers Young, Nancy Beck. Two Suns of the Southwest: Lyndon Johnson, Barry Goldwater, and the 1964 Battle between Liberalism and Conservatism (UP of Kansas, 2019). online Primary sources Gallup, George H., ed. (1972). The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935–1971. 3 vols. Random House. Chester, Edward W. (1977). A guide to political platforms. Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. (1973). National party platforms, 1840–1972. External links Campaign commercials from the 1964 election 1964 election results: State-by-state Popular vote https://web.archive.org/web/20080706003808/http://www.multied.com/elections/1964state.html July 6, 2008 1964 popular vote by states (with bar graphs) 1964 popular vote by counties electoral history Election of 1964 in Counting the Votes https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041334/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1964/ March 4, 2016 Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Barry Goldwater Category:Hubert Humphrey Category:Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson Category:Lyndon B. Johnson Category:Campaigns of Lyndon B. Johnson Category:November 1964 in the United States Category:White backlash