1993 Chilean general election

none Chile 11 December 1993 yes Presidential election presidential 1989 Chilean general election 1989 1999–2000 Chilean presidential election 1999–2000 91.23% ( 3.49pp) Eduardo Frei Ruiz Tagle 1993.jpg Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle Christian Democratic Party (Chile) Concertación FFA500 4,044,898 57.98% Arturo Alessandri Besa.jpg Arturo Alessandri Besa Independent politician UPC 4682B4 1,703,408 24.42% José Piñera Echenique (4x3 cropped).jpg José Piñera Independent politician 430,950 6.18% Manfred Max Neef (362355950).jpg Manfred Max-Neef ECO Ecologist Movement 387,102 5.55% 1993 Chilean presidential election by commune percentage.svg Results by commune President Patricio Aylwin Christian Democratic Party (Chile) Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle Christian Democratic Party (Chile) yes Chamber of Deputies 1989 1997 All 120 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 61 91.34% ( 3.39pp) yes Chamber of Deputies Concertación 70 55.40 70 UPC #4682B4 50 36.68 48 yes Senate 1989 1997 18 of 46 seats in the Senate 90.29% ( 4.44pp) yes Concertación 21 55.48 22 UPC #4682B4 17 37.32 16 General elections were held in Chile on 11 December 1993 to elect the President, members of the Chamber of Deputies and elected members of the Senate.Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p262 978-0-19-928358-3 Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle of the Concertación alliance was elected president, and the alliance also won a majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and maintained its majority in the Senate. As of , this is the most recent presidential election that did not result in a runoff. Presidential candidates Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia The Concertación, which had governed with Patricio Aylwin since 1990, needed to choose a successor who would run as their presidential candidate in the 1993 elections. To determine their candidate, the parties decided to hold primary elections, marking a historic milestone as it was the first time in Chile that a political coalition used this mechanism to select its sole candidate. Participation in these primaries required prior registration of voters, and there was no law or support from the Election Certification Tribunal (Tricel) or the Electoral Service (Servel) to regulate them. The Christian Democratic Party (PDC) chose Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, the son of former President Eduardo Frei Montalva, as their candidate. Frei Ruiz-Tagle had previously run as a pre-candidate for the Concertación in the 1989 presidential election, but was unsuccessful. He then focused on strengthening his position within the PDC and achieved this by winning a senatorial election in the Santiago Oriente constituency in 1989 and becoming the party's president in 1990. The other pre-candidate was Ricardo Lagos Escobar, a prominent leader of the Party for Democracy (PPD), who also had the support of the Socialist Party (PS) due to his participation in the "No" campaign in the 1988 plebiscite. Lagos had run as a senatorial candidate for the Santiago Poniente constituency in 1989, but despite finishing second, he lost due to the workings of the binomial electoral system. In 1990, he became Minister of Education in the Aylwin government, a position he held until 1992 when he left to begin his presidential campaign. An unsuccessful attempt was made to nominate Senator Anselmo Sule of the Radical Party (PR) and Cristián Reitze, president of the Humanist Green Alliance party, as candidates. Reitze later left the Concertación after realizing that there was a move to exclude him from the primary. On May 23, 1993, the primaries were held, and Frei won by 64% of the vote, officially becoming the candidate on May 30. The PS and PPD respected the outcome and supported the chosen candidate. Unión por el Progreso de Chile In 1992, the largest right-wing party at the time, Renovación Nacional (RN), had two presidential pre-candidates: Senator for Santiago Oriente Sebastián Piñera and Deputy for Las Condes, Vitacura, and Lo Barnechea Evelyn Matthei. However, the aftermath of the Piñeragate political scandal that same year put an end to their aspirations, prompting RN to search for a new candidate. Manuel Feliú was ultimately selected as the replacement.20 July 2013 December 2001 Confesión de Evelyn Matthei de su participación en caso 'Grabación de Sebastián Piñera' o Piñeragate https://www.apocatastasis.com/sebastian-pinera-la-confesion.php Apocatastasis The Independent Democratic Union (UDI) initially nominated Jovino Novoa, its president, as its pre-candidate. However, there was a third candidate who gained support from various right-wing parties, particularly the UDI. This candidate was Arturo Alessandri Besa, an independent senator for Antofagasta who had family ties to two former presidents: Jorge Alessandri and Arturo Alessandri Palma. A convention was held on August 8, 1993, at the Diego Portales Building to choose the coalition's candidate. The parties had been in conflict for several months over the mechanism for selecting the sole candidate, even considering primaries and who would run in them. José Piñera Echenique, the former Labor Minister in the government led by Augusto Pinochet and brother of Senator Piñera, withdrew from the convention because he believed that the bloc's candidate should be elected through primaries. Additionally, Francisco Javier Errázuriz was considered as a potential candidate, supported by his party, the Union of Center-Center (UCC), the National Party (PN), and the Party of the South (SUR). However, negotiations over parliamentary seats led him to abandon his decision.25 July 1993 C3 El Mercurio Errazuriz anuncia candidatura presidencial A total of 1,847 delegates from the coalition participated in the convention, including 547 from RN, 449 from UDI, 391 from the UCC, 46 from SUR, and 44 from the PN. The result of the first vote was as follows, in the order of the vote:23 July 2013 23 July 2013 La convención del 93 en que se eligió a Arturo Alessandri B. http://diario.elmercurio.com/2013/07/23/nacional/politica/noticias/DEC92ADD-12C7-40B6-9388-64882CDB53DE.htm?id={DEC92ADD-12C7-40B6-9388-64882CDB53DE} El Mercurio Result Arturo Alessandri Besa Independent 885 Nominee #DDEEFF Manuel Feliú es National Renewal 607 Jovino Novoa Independent Democratic Union 75 As per the agreed terms, a second vote had to be held if no candidate obtained more than two-thirds of the total votes. However, after the results of the first vote were announced, Feliú withdrew his candidacy in favor of Alessandri.23 July 2013 23 July 2013 La convención del 93 en que se eligió a Arturo Alessandri B. http://diario.elmercurio.com/2013/07/23/nacional/politica/noticias/DEC92ADD-12C7-40B6-9388-64882CDB53DE.htm?id={DEC92ADD-12C7-40B6-9388-64882CDB53DE} El Mercurio Despite efforts, Alessandri's presidential campaign failed to attract voters. With the realization that winning the presidential election was highly unlikely, the right-wing parties shifted their focus towards the parliamentary elections, diverting their economic resources to prevent the Concertación from gaining the required number of parliamentarians needed to block their intended constitutional reforms. Cristián Reitze Campos (AHV) After the Humanist Green Alliance (AHV) withdrew from the Concertación, they launched the candidacy of Cristián Reitze, who based his campaign on the humanist principles of Silo, as well as the parliamentary work of the former AHV representative for La Reina and Peñalolén, Laura Rodríguez. Movimiento de Izquierda Democrática Allendista The Movimiento de Izquierda Democrática Allendista (MIDA), which was primarily led by the Communist Party, organized an assembly attended by around 2,000 people to nominate their candidate from a list of five names: Eduardo Gutiérrez, Manuel Cabieses, Communist leader Gladys Marín, Deputy Mario Palestro (who withdrew before the vote during the assembly), and priest Eugenio Pizarro.17 January 1993 La Tercera Los cinco naipes del MIDA The results of the vote were as follows: Result Gladys Marín Millie 1117 Nominee #DDEEFF Eugenio Pizarro Poblete 1002 Manuel Cabieses 397 Eduardo Gutiérrez 104 Marín emerged as the initial winner, but due to the close vote, a second round of deliberation was held, resulting in the selection of Pizarro as the MIDA candidate. His candidacy was officially registered with the Servel through the collection of signatures, as required for any independent candidacy under Law 18,700.14 August 1993 A 23 El Mercurio Inscritos 7 candidatos Pizarro's campaign was known for its aggressive and tough tone, representing the left wing that identified with the policies of the Salvador Allende-led Popular Unity government. Manfred Max-Neef (independent) Manfred Max-Neef, an independent ecologist and economist, was also a candidate for the election with support from various social organizations, Mapuche communities, and sectors of the Christian Left, MAPU, and the Workers' Party.14 August 1993 A 23 El Mercurio Inscritos siete candidatos His campaign aimed to give voice to issues that were absent from public opinion, strengthen civil society, and create a scaled economy as an alternative to the alleged prevailing neoliberalism. He also positioned himself as completely horizontal on the political spectrum, which allowed him to attract votes from the Concertación, the right, the MIDA, and the AHV. José Piñera (independent) José Piñera launched his candidacy in January, but when he realized that Unión por el Progreso de Chile closed its doors to him, he continued on his own path. He began as a representative of people who did not identify with the political class, but later represented sectors identified with Pinochet and the dictatorship. As a result, he received support from collaborators of that dictatorship, such as Mónica Madariaga and Sergio Melnick, among others. He managed to take a considerable number of votes away from Alessandri's candidacy. Failed candidacies Juan Antonio Torres Araya, a representative of the Retirees' Party, was considered as a potential candidate but his candidacy did not succeed because the Electoral Service (Servel) rejected over half of the signatures submitted to register his candidacy. He eventually threw his support behind Alessandri. The independent candidacy of Gonzalo Townsend Pinochet, the nephew of Augusto Pinochet, was successfully registered. Despite having run as a candidate for the Union of Center Center in the San Joaquín commune's municipal elections the previous year,23 March 2023 Elecciones municipales 1992 https://historico.servel.cl/SitioHistorico/index1992_muni.htm Servicio Electoral Townsend aimed to represent the Acción Pinochetista Unitaria, a defender of the dictatorship's work, in the general election. However, after two weeks, Servel invalidated the candidacy as the candidacy had been sponsored by "more than 5% of people affiliated with political parties".23 March 2023 25 August 1993 Resolución 1416; acepta y rechaza declaraciones de candidaturas a Presidente de la República que señala https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=36919 After his candidacy was rejected by the electoral agency, Gonzalo Townsend made a request that was ultimately denied. He accused the process of being a ploy to prevent his participation as a candidate and finally called for casting a null vote in the presidential elections. Results President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle Arturo Alessandri Besa José Piñera Manfred Max Neef Eugenio Pizarro Cristián Reitze Concertación (PDC) Union for the Progress of Chile (Ind.) Independent Ecologist Movement (ECO) Leftist Democratic Alternative (Ind.) Humanist Green Alliance (AHV) 4040497 1701324 430950 387102 327402 81675 407741 8085493 SERVEL Senate File:Chile Senado 1993.svg Won Not up Total +/– Concertación 6 Christian Democratic Party 378987 4 9 13 0 Socialist Party of Chile 238405 3 2 5 +5 Party for Democracy 275727 2 0 2 –2 Radical Party of Chile 119459 0 1 1 –1 Independents 27253 0 0 0 –3 1039831 9 12 21 –1 Union for the Progress of Chile 6 National Renewal 279580 5 6 11 +6 Independent Democratic Union 190283 2 1 3 +1 Party of the South 52509 0 0 0 0 Union of the Centrist Center 46455 1 0 1 +1 Independents 130587 1 1 2 –7 699414 9 8 17 +1 Leftist Democratic Alternative 4 Communist Party of Chile 65073 0 0 0 New Popular Unitary Action Movement 3030 0 0 0 New Independents 13278 0 0 0 0 81381 0 0 0 0 The New Left 3 Humanist Green Alliance 8528 0 0 0 0 Independents 3740 0 0 0 0 12268 0 0 0 0 Independents 41233 0 0 0 0 Appointed senators 0 8 8 –1 –1 171554 2265560 SERVEL, Nohlen Chamber of Deputies File:Chile Camara de Diputados (colores actualizados) 1993.svg Concertación 7 Christian Democratic Party 1827373 37 –1 Socialist Party of Chile 803719 15 New Party for Democracy 798206 15 –1 Radical Party of Chile 200837 2 –3 Chilean Social Democracy Party 53377 0 New Independents 49764 1 –8 3733276 70 0 Union for the Progress of Chile 7 National Renewal 1098852 29 0 Independent Democratic Union 816104 15 +4 Union of the Centrist Center 216639 2 New Party of the South 13422 0 0 National Party 2688 0 0 Independents 324084 4 –4 2471789 50 +2 Leftist Democratic Alternative 4 Communist Party of Chile 336034 0 New Popular Unitary Action Movement 6644 0 New Independents 87817 0 – 430495 0 0 The New Left 4 Humanist Green Alliance 67733 0 –1 Ecologist Movement 2215 0 New Independents 26247 0 – 96195 0 –1 Independents 7104 0 –1 0 646157 8085493 SERVEL References Category:Parliamentary elections in Chile Chile General Category:Presidential elections in Chile Chile Category:Presidency of Patricio Aylwin