1935 Philippine presidential election

1st election of Philippine presidentrelated races 1935 Philippine vice presidential election 1935 Philippine general election 1935 Philippine presidential election Philippines presidential no Presidential elections in the Philippines#1899 1899 1941 Philippine presidential election 1941 September 16, 1935 1919 120x120px Manuel L. Quezon portrait (cropped).jpg 120 120 150 0 0 center Manuel L. Quezon Nacionalista Party Sergio Osmeña 695,332 67.99% Emilio Aguinaldo ca. 1919 (Restored) (cropped).jpg 120 120 150 0 0 center Emilio Aguinaldo National Socialist Party (Philippines) Raymundo Melliza 179,349 17.54% Mons. Gregorio Aglipay and Norberto Nabong (1935) (cropped).jpg 120 120 150 0 0 center Gregorio Aglipay Republican Party (Philippines) Norberto Nabong 148,010 14.47% Philippine presidential election results, 1935.svg 300px President None (last held by Emilio Aguinaldo) Manuel L. Quezon None (Nonpartisan) Nacionalista Party The 1935 Philippine presidential elections was held on September 16, 1935. This was the first election since the enactment of the Tydings–McDuffie Act, a law that paved the way for a transitory government, as well as the first nationwide at-large election ever held in the Philippines. Senate President Manuel Luis Quezon won a lopsided victory against former President Emilio Aguinaldo. His election victory was largely due to the weak political machinations of his rivals. Another losing contender was Gregorio Aglipay, co-founder and supreme bishop of the Iglesia Filipina Indepediente (Philippine Independent Church). Pascual Racuyal, a mechanic by profession, also ran for president as an independent. Quezon's running mate, Senate President Pro Tempore Sergio Osmeña won a more impressive victory as Vice President of the Philippines. He was said to have faced less effective candidates.Coalition ticket wins by landslide, September 21, 1935 http://philippinesfreepress.wordpress.com/1935/09/21/coalition-ticket-wins-by-landslide-september-21-1935/ 8 March 2014 21 September 1935 Nominations Nacionalista Party nomination Candidates gallery After the passage of the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act in the United States in 1933, only requiring approval of the Philippine legislature, the Nacionalista Party was split between the Quezon and Osmeña factions.Quezon and Osmena, April 22, 1933 http://philippinesfreepress.wordpress.com/1933/04/22/quezon-and-osmena-april-22-1933-2/ 8 March 2014 22 April 1933 The Quezon wing, known as the Partido Nacionalista Democratico or Partido Nacionalista Consolidado, was against the act. The Osmeña wing, known as the Partido Nacionalista Pro-Independencia or Partido Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia, was for the passage of the act. Historian Teodoro Agoncillo pointed out that the main reason for Quezon's rejection of the act lay in his anticipation that Osmeña, whose efforts brought the passage of the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act, might run as President of the transition government slated to be established before granting of independence, resulting to the relegation of himself as second in command once more.Agoncillo Teodoro Introduction to Filipino History 1974 Garotech Publishing Quezon City Due to Quezon's efforts in the legislature, the Philippines rejected the act and himself promised a better law than the one brought home by Osmeña. His mission to the United States brought forth the passage of the Tydings–McDuffie Act in March 1934, just three months away from the Philippine legislative election, 1934.Zaide Sonia M. The Philippines: A Unique Nation https://books.google.com/books?id=6YMsNgAACAAJ All-Nations Publishing Co. 1994 971-642-071-4 314–315 The general election on June 5, 1934, turned into a gauge on which wing was supreme. Both factions claimed the Nacionalista label and independence became the central issue. When the results came in, Quezon's wing proved better than that of Osmeña, at least in the national scale. Osmeña faction candidates still dominated the local scene. After the election, the idea of forming a coalition between the two factions, reuniting the old Nacionalista party once more, floated in public discussion.Banlaoi Rommel Political parties in the Philippines 1996 Konrad Adenauer Foundation Makati House of Representatives SenateOsmeña wing 70Quezon wing 22Quezon wing 19Osmeña wing 2 On June 15, 1935, three months before the scheduled elections for the Commonwealth, both factions held their own national conventions, wherein Quezon was named candidate for president, and Osmeña was named candidate for vice president. According to historian Nick Joaquin, "Osmeña showed greatness in accepting the No. 2 role in a drama where he started out as protagonist."Joaquin Nick Manila, My Manila 1990 Vera-Reyes Inc. 170 At this, the two factions reconciled as a unified Nacionalista party with an eight-point program. National Socialist Party nomination Candidates gallery Emilio Aguinaldo, who founded the National Socialist Party in 1934, announced his candidacy for president on June 2, 1935. Raymundo Melliza, former governor of Iloilo, was his running mate. Among those who supported his bid were Sixto Lopez, Anastacio Teodoro, judge Cayetano Lukban, Emiliano Tria Tirona, Narciso Lapuz, Vicente Sotto, and Miguel Cornejo. In Aguinaldo's acceptance speech at Cavite, Cavite, he addressed to an audience of around 5,000 his 44-point platform.Aguinaldo opens campaign, June 8, 1935 https://philippinesfreepress.wordpress.com/1935/06/08/aguinaldo-opens-campaign-june-8-1935/ 8 March 2014 8 June 1935 His candidacy was also supported by the organization Veteranos de la Revolucion, formed during the administration of Governor-General Leonard Wood by remaining Filipino veterans of the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War. I do not have any political party behind me, my party is composed of the humble sons of the people, flattered before elections and forgotten after triumph. What more could I ask for? – General Emilio Aguinaldo in his acceptance speech, June 1935. Other parties that supported Aguinaldo's bid was the Partido Radical, a left-wing party formed in 1930 by Alfonso Mendoza, and Partido Filipinista, another party founded by Aguinaldo. Mendoza was then representative of Manila's second district. Republican Party nomination Candidates gallery After his worldwide tour in 1934, wherein Aglipay went to Copenhagen to attend the 11th International Congress of Religious Liberals by the International Association for Religious Freedom (IARF), and even claimed to have interviewed Adolf Hitler and talked with Alejandro Lerroux, Prime Minister of Spain, and Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia, he expressed his intention to run as President of the Commonwealth. On June 19, 1935, Aglipay announced his candidacy, the last one to do so.Clifford Mary Dorita Aglipayanism as a political movement 521–525 Thus, Aglipay revived the Republican Party for this purpose, first organized in 1905 but collapsed after the 1907 elections. With this, he also launched his seven-point program. I would consider myself unworthy of having been born a Filipino if my personal interests and the ties of friendship should prevent me from listening to the insistent popular clamor to vindicate with the powers of the highest office the constitutional liberties so arbitrarily trampled down by an abusive regime, and to cut the extravagant tentacles of the bureaucratic octopus that is sucking our public life. – Bishop Gregorio Aglipay in his Manifesto of his candidacy, June 1935. His bid was supported by the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP), a left-wing party organized on November 7, 1930 by Crisanto Evangelista. The PKP fielded Norberto Nabong of Manila as Aglipay's running mate. Results thumb|220px|right|Aguinaldo (left) and Quezon (right) Quezon carried all the provinces except Aguinaldo's home province of Cavite, Camarines Norte and Aglipay's home province of Ilocos Norte and Nueva Vizcaya. Aguinaldo showed strength in the Bicol provinces in the face of early results, but Quezon eventually triumphed in the region. Aglipay's strength in Nueva Vizcaya won the province for the Republican candidate, yet the Nacionalistas still prevailed from the rest of the provinces. Osmeña also carried all the provinces except Cavite, wherein Melliza won by a close margin. Osmeña's feat is unmatched to date.Philippine Electoral Almanac 2013 presidential communications development and strategic planning office 978-971-95551-3-1 http://pcdspo.gov.ph/pub/uploads/Electoral-Almanac.pdf dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220252/http://pcdspo.gov.ph/pub/uploads/Electoral-Almanac.pdf 2016-03-03 While Aglipay quickly accepted the results, Aguinaldo protested about electoral manipulations.Coalition ticket wins by landslide, September 21, 1935 He raised the issue up to the United States, and his supporters in Cavite plotted not only a rally to disrupt the inauguration in November, but also launching an assassination attempt against the winners, yet to no avail. Popular vote #ddd 600px 410px Quezon Nacionalista Party 67.98 Aguinaldo National Socialist Party (Philippines) 17.53 Aglipay Republican Party (Philippines) 14.47 Results per province Province/City Quezon Aguinaldo Aglipay Racuyal Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %Abra6,89192.6850.075397.2500.00Agusan4,24279.992444.6081415.3530.06Albay23,53574.997,81724.91330.1100.00Antique6,12350.003,17825.952,93423.96110.09Bataan4,57947.323,50636.231,59016.4310.01Batanes77379.2019820.2940.4110.10Batangas27,66174.008,74923.419682.5920.01Bohol20,37476.675,50020.706942.6160.02Bukidnon1,78598.7890.50130.7200.00Bulacan19,68153.8815,29941.881,5484.2400.00Cagayan13,43962.792,37211.085,58426.0970.03Camarines Norte3,10643.574,01756.3560.0800.00Camarines Sur15,53863.148,70835.383641.4800.00Capiz18,63291.361,5087.392531.2400.00Cavite10,08439.6015,24559.871340.5300.00Cebu45,44186.216,87613.053690.70230.04Cotabato2,30789.35552.132188.4420.08Davao9,20089.165885.705275.1140.04Ilocos Norte6,48234.17430.2312,44565.6000.00Ilocos Sur14,74964.962120.937,74434.1100.00Iloilo33,27464.2013,42725.915,1219.8850.01Isabela9,13057.051,5519.695,32133.2510.01La Union10,49659.215443.076,68437.7120.01Laguna18,65572.283,38413.113,76614.5940.02Lanao6,42694.891902.811552.2910.01Leyte43,92989.454,1878.539942.0220.00Manila25,28163.2310,18825.484,50711.2750.01Marinduque6,02184.061,06214.83781.0920.03Masbate6,29682.101,27216.59991.2920.03Mindoro5,63662.762,95732.933874.3100.00Misamis Occidental6,59072.211,37515.071,16012.7110.01Misamis Oriental8,01075.061,08710.191,57114.7240.04Mountain Province5,08479.381191.861,20018.7420.03Negros Occidental36,85171.423,5276.8411,20621.72120.02Negros Oriental15,52688.301,1086.309495.4000.00Nueva Ecija15,06644.109,03226.4410,06629.4620.01Nueva Vizcaya2,03932.861642.644,00264.4910.02Palawan4,52588.2457711.25260.5100.00Pampanga21,90365.117,95823.663,77711.2310.00Pangasinan34,42551.091,8512.7531,10346.1620.00Rizal23,10762.578,92124.164,88813.24110.03Romblon3,47173.061,24626.23320.6720.04Samar22,92080.224,98417.446602.3180.03Sorsogon12,01461.847,40338.1140.0250.03Sulu1,41493.52603.97382.5100.00Surigao8,87980.354974.501,66815.1060.05Tarlac10,78555.821,0825.607,45338.5710.01Tayabas25,07886.223,12610.758702.99120.04Zambales6,50460.911,06910.013,10529.0800.00Zamboanga10,14786.401,31311.182802.3840.03Total 694,10467.94179,39017.56147,95114.481580.02Source: Department of Agriculture and CommerceThe Philippine Statistical Review Bureau of Printing 1935 2 201 Manila vote Manila, as showed in the June 1934 election, leaned to vote for the opposition. First District voted for Gregorio Perfecto, a Democrata, as representative. Second District voted Alfonso Mendoza, a Radical. However, an opposition bailiwick the city could have been, the Nacionalista party won overwhelmingly, whereas it was expected that Aguinaldo and Aglipay will make an upset advantage. Candidate Votes PercentQuezon25,454 63.33%Aguinaldo10,236 25.47%Aglipay4,503 11.20% In popular culture Quezon, 2025 film about Manuel L. Quezon, culminating in the 1935 election.Quezon (2025) https://www.imdb.com/title/tt35819637/plotsummary/ imdb.com See also 1935 Philippine legislative election Commission on Elections Politics of the Philippines Elections in the Philippines References External links The Philippine Presidency Project Official website of the Commission on Elections Emilio Aguinaldo on the Presidential Museum and Library https://web.archive.org/web/20121104144908/http://malacanang.gov.ph/presidents/first-republic/emilio-aguinaldo/ 2012-11-04 Manuel L. Quezon on the Presidential Museum and Library https://web.archive.org/web/20121026042339/http://malacanang.gov.ph/presidents/commonwealth/manuel-quezon/ 2012-10-26 1935 Category:1935 elections in the Philippines Category:Manuel L. Quezon Category:Emilio Aguinaldo