1936 in science

none 1936 science 1936 The year 1936 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Chemistry February 4 – Radium E (bismuth-210) becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically. December 23 – The first nerve agent, Tabun, is discovered (accidentally) by a research team headed by Dr Gerhard Schrader of IG Farben in Germany.http://www.noblis.org/AShortHistoryOfTheDevelopmentOfNerveGases.htm A Short History of the Development of Nerve Gases Noblis.org 2011-10-07 https://web.archive.org/web/20090203065700/http://www.noblis.org/AShortHistoryOfTheDevelopmentOfNerveGases.htm 2009-02-03 dead Computer science May 28 – Alan Turing's paper "On Computable Numbers" is received by the London Mathematical Society for publication, introducing the concept of the theoretical "a[utomatic]-machine" or Turing machine. Its formal publication is on November 12.A. M. Turing On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society Series 2 42 230–265 January 1937 10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230 http://www.abelard.org/turpap2/tp2-ie.asp 2017-12-24 subscription Rózsa Péter presents a paper entitled "Über rekursive Funktionen der zweite Stufe" to the International Congress of Mathematicians in Oslo,Rózsa Péter http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Peter.html School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland 14 April 2014 MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive helping to found the modern field of recursive function theory.Rozsa Peter 1905–1977 More Mathematical People Donald J. Albers Gerald L. Alexanderson Gerald L. Alexanderson Constance Reid Constance Reid Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1990 149 Earth sciences Inge Lehmann argues that the Earth's molten interior has a solid inner core.Lehmann Inge 1936 P' Publications du Bureau Central Séismologique International A14 3 S.87–115 History of science and technology Economist John Maynard Keynes buys a trunk of Isaac Newton's papers at auction.A Short History of Nearly Everything Bryson Bill Bill Bryson Broadway Books 2004 https://books.google.com/books?id=TSzckgEACAAJ 978-0767908184 71 Mathematics March – Alonzo Church's "A Note on the Entscheidungsproblem" is published.Alonzo Church 42323521 A Note on the Entscheidungsproblem Journal of Symbolic Logic 1 1 1936 40–41 10.2307/2269326 2269326 Submitted April 15 [sic.] Dutch mathematician Cornelis Simon Meijer introduces the Meijer G-function.Meijer C. S. Über Whittakersche bzw. Besselsche Funktionen und deren Produkte German Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde (2) 18 4 10–39 1936 62.0421.02 Paleontology First remains of the small Late Triassic South American dinosaur Staurikosaurus are found by Llewellyn Ivor Price in Brazil, the first dinosaur to be discovered there.Staurikosaurus Dodson Peter etal The Age of Dinosaurs Publications International 45 0-7853-0443-6 Physics The muon is discovered by Seth Neddermeyer and Carl D. Anderson at California Institute of Technology.Neddermeyer Seth H. Anderson Carl D. 1937-05-15 Note on the Nature of Cosmic-Ray Particles https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.51.884 Physical Review en 51 10 884–886 10.1103/PhysRev.51.884 1937PhRv...51..884N 0031-899X subscription Physiology and medicine July 4 – First publication recognizing stress as a biological condition.A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents Hans Selye Hans Selye Nature 138 3479 1936 32 http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/10/2/230a 2020-02-16 https://web.archive.org/web/20080107091947/http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/10/2/230a 2008-01-07 10.1038/138032a0 1936Natur.138...32S free December 7 – Streptococcous meningitis (a condition previously 99% fatal) is successfully treated for the first time with a sulfonamide.http://www.musicandhistory.com/music-and-history-by-the-year/197-1936.html 1936 MusicAndHistory 2015-08-16 usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20130610051422/http://musicandhistory.com/music-and-history-by-the-year/197-1936.html 2013-06-10 American researcher Thomas Francis Jr. isolates influenza B virus. Also this year, Australian Macfarlane Burnet discovers that Orthomyxoviridae can be grown in embryonated hens’ eggs.Influenza Historic Timeline https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pandemic-timeline-1930-and-beyond.htm CDC 2019-01-30 2022-03-19 António Egas Moniz publishes his first report of performing a prefrontal leukotomy on a human patient.http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/moniz.html Egas Moniz – Biography Nobelprize.org 9 Jun 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100609040416/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/moniz.html 2010-06-09 11 July 2010 Guido Fanconi describes a connection between celiac disease, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and bronchiectasis.Fanconi G. Uehlinger E. Knauer C. 1936 Das coeliakiesyndrom bei angeborener zysticher pankreasfibromatose und bronchiektasien Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift 86 753–756 Harry Himsworth distinguishes the two principal types of diabetes.Himsworth H. P. 1936 Diabetes mellitus: its differentiation into insulin-sensitive and insulin-insensitive types The Lancet London 227 5864 127–30 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)36134-2 Psychology Sherif's experiment on conformity.Hogg Michael A. Social Psychology 2005 4th Prentice Hall Harlow Vaughan Graham M. 0273686992 Technology June 26 – Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first fully controllable helicopter, makes its first flight. November 3 – The world's first regular daily high-definition (at this time defined as at least 200 lines) television broadcast service is begun by the British Broadcasting Corporation from Alexandra Palace in London (following test transmissions since August). The service initially alternates on a weekly basis between John Logie Baird's 240-line electromechanical system and the Marconi–EMI all-electronic 405-line television system. Zoology September 7 – Death of the last recorded thylacine, in Hobart Zoo.Paddle Robert 2000 The Last Tasmanian Tiger: the History and Extinction of the Thylacine Cambridge University Press 0-521-53154-3 November 9 – American explorer Ruth Harkness encounters and captures in China a live giant panda, a cub named Su Lin, the first to enter the United States.D. A. Watson The Panda Lady: Ruth Harkness (Part 1) http://femexplorers.com/full_article.php?article_id=17 Female explorers 2007-02-01 15 December 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20061215055814/http://femexplorers.com/full_article.php?article_id=17 Awards Fields Prize in Mathematics (first award): Lars Ahlfors and Jesse Douglas Nobel Prizes Physics – Victor Franz Hess, Carl David Anderson Chemistry – Peter Debye Medicine – Sir Henry Hallett Dale, Otto Loewi Births January 8 – Robert May, Australian-born Government Chief Scientific Adviser (United Kingdom) (died 2020). January 10 Walter Bodmer, German-born British human geneticist. Robert Wilson, American physicist and radio astronomer. January 27 – Barry Barish, American gravitational physicist, Nobel Prize winner. March 16 – Raymond Vahan Damadian, Armenian-American MRI practitioner. March 24 – David Suzuki, Canadian geneticist and populariser of science. April 1 – Abdul Qadeer Khan (died 2021), Pakistani nuclear physicist.AQ Khan: The most dangerous man in the world? Gordon Corera Gordon Corera BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-58857827 2021-10-10 2021-10-10 April 17 – Meemann Chang, Chinese paleontologist. June 29 – Leon O. Chua, American electrical engineer and computer scientist. August 1 – W. D. Hamilton (died 2000), English evolutionary biologist, widely recognised as one of the greatest evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/hamilton/hamilton_index.html Obituary Richard Dawkins The Independent London 2000-03-10 Richard Dawkins 2021-10-10 2016-03-04 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304172329/http://edge.org/3rd_culture/hamilton/hamilton_index.html dead August 17 – Margaret Hamilton (died 2026), American computer scientist, Presidential Medal of Freedom laureate. September 17 – Gerald Guralnik (died 2014), American physicist most famous for his co-discovery of the Higgs mechanism and Higgs boson. November 3 – Anatoly Mikhaylov (died 2026), Belarusian radiologist. November 25 – John Taylor, English inventor. November 30 – Eric Walter Elst (died 2022), Belgian astronomer. December 22 – James Burke, British historian and populariser of science. December 31 – Szilveszter E. Vizi, Hungarian physician, neuroscientist and pharmacologist. Deaths February 9 – Sir Charles Ballance (born 1856), English surgeon. February 27 – Ivan Pavlov (born 1849), Russian physiologist. April 8 – Róbert Bárány (born 1876), Austro-Hungarian-born otologist, Nobel Prize winner in medicine. April 9 – John Uri Lloyd (born 1849), American pharmacist and science fiction author. April 27 – Karl Pearson (born 1857), English mathematician. August 25 – Maria von Linden (born 1869), German bacteriologist and zoologist. References Category:20th century in science Category:1930s in science