1790 United States census

First US census March 2019 May 2024 1790 United States census 1790a-01-page-001.jpg Title page of 1790 United States census United States 1790 08 02 3,929,214 state Virginia (747,610) Delaware (59,094) Office of the United States Marshal 1800 United States census 1800 The 1790 United States census was the first United States census. It recorded the population of the whole United States as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article 1, Section 2, of the Constitution and applicable laws. In the first census, the population of the United States was enumerated to be 3,929,214 inhabitants.Census History Staff 1790 Fast Facts - History https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/fast_facts/1790_fast_facts.html US Census Bureau April 20, 2023 EN-US Congress assigned responsibility for the 1790 census to the marshals of United States judicial districts under an act, which with minor modifications and extensions, governed census taking through the 1840 census. "The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in 'two of the most public places within [each jurisdiction], there to remain for the inspection of all concerned...' and that 'the aggregate amount of each description of persons' for every district be transmitted to the president."Census History Staff 1790 Overview - History - U.S. Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1790.html US Census Bureau April 20, 2023 EN-US The census was published in 1791.Lunt Edward C. 1888 History of the United States Census https://www.jstor.org/stable/2276342 Publications of the American Statistical Association 1 2/3 63–93 10.2307/2276342 2276342 1522-5437 subscription It was 56 pages and cost $44,377.28. Contemporary perception Both Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and President George Washington expressed skepticismCensus History Staff 1790 Overview - History - U.S. Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1790.html US Census Bureau April 20, 2023 EN-US over the results, believing that the true population had been undercounted. If indeed an undercount was the result, possible explanations for it include dispersed population, poor transportation links, limitations of contemporary technology, and individual refusal to participate.U.S. Marshals Overcame Hardships and Challenges to Count 3,929,214 People in a Young America https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2020/03/who-conducted-the-first-census-1790.html Census.gov April 20, 2023 Questions Name of the head of family Number of free white males age 16 and over Number of free white males under age 16 Number of free white females Number of all other free persons (excluding slaves) Number of slaveshttps://www.census.gov/library/publications/1907/dec/heads-of-families.html 1790 Census: Heads of Families U.S. Census Bureau Loss and availability of data Although the census was proved statistically factual, based on data collected, the records for several states (including Delaware, Georgia, New Jersey, and Virginia) were lost sometime between 1790 and 1830.Dollarhide William The Census Book: A Genealogists Guide to Federal Census Facts, Schedules and Indexes HeritageQuest North Salt Lake, Utah 2001 7 Almost one-third of the original census data have been lost or destroyed since their original documentation. These include some 1790 data from Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Vermont; the validity and existence of most of these data, though, can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census.http://www.1930census.com/1790_census.php 1790 Census 1930 Census Resources for Genealogists No microdata from the 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.About IPUMS NHGIS IPUMS NHGIS https://www.nhgis.org/about-ipums-nhgis www.nhgis.org April 20, 2023 Data Under the direction of the Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, marshals collected data from all thirteen states (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts including the District of Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia), and from the Southwest Territory (the northeastern portion of present-day Tennessee). The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. (From 1777 until early 1791, and hence during all of 1790, Vermont was a de facto independent country whose government took the position that Vermont was not then a part of the United States.) No enumeration at all was taken of the Northwest Territory, apparently because of logistical difficulties covering the territory (which was vast but sparsely populated by enumerated American Whites), as well as the continued presence of British Army garrisons in the forts along the Great Lakes.Census Office United States 1909 A Century of Population Growth from the First Census of the United States to the Twelfth, 1790–1900 https://books.google.com/books?id=H9KwtRkiO1YC&pg=PA54 54-55 At 17.8 percent, the 1790 census's proportion of slaves to the free population was the highest ever recorded by any census of the United States.Slave, Free Black, and White Population, 1780-1830 https://userpages.umbc.edu/~bouton/History407/SlaveStats.htm userpages.umbc.edu April 20, 2023 State or territory Free white males of 16 years and upwardhead Heads of families were included. Free white males under 16 years Free white femaleshead All other free persons Slaves Slaves % of state population Total % of U.S. population VermontCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Vermont 1907 U.S. Government Printing Office 978-0-87152-015-9 https://books.google.com/books?id=kL0MAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 enFree and Slave Populations by State (1790) https://teachingamericanhistory.org/resource/the-constitutional-convention-free-and-slave-populations-by-state-1790/ Teaching American History April 20, 2023 22,435 22,328 40,505 255 160 is the correct figure, and the 16 here should be added to the "All other free persons" column. When the census of 1790 was published in 1791, it reported 16 slaves, which were illegal in Vermont. An examination of the original manuscript by the Census Bureau superintendent found that 16 “free colored” person were classified as "slave" in Bennington County. See the history of slavery in Vermont.Slavery in Vermont http://slavenorth.com/vermont.htm slavenorth.com April 20, 2023Heads of families at the first census of the United States taken in the year 1790 : records of the State enumerations: 1782–1785, Virginia 0.0% 85,539Corrected figures are 85,425, or 114 less than figures published in 1790, due to an error of addition of several towns. 2.2% New HampshireCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: New Hampshire 1907 Clearfield Company, Incorporated https://books.google.com/books?id=fBYwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 en 36,086 34,851 70,160 630 158 0.1% 141,885 3.6% MaineCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Maine 1908 U.S. Government Printing Office https://books.google.com/books?id=JUY8AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1 April 20, 2023 en 24,384 24,748 46,870 538 0 0.0% 96,540 2.4% MassachusettsCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Massachusetts 1908 U.S. Government Printing Office 978-0-87152-021-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=c1zeDI_pArgC&pg=PA1 April 20, 2023 en 95,453 87,289 190,582 5,463 0 0.0% 378,787 9.8% Rhode IslandCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Rhode Island 1907 U.S. Government Printing Office https://books.google.com/books?id=pEU8AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1 April 20, 2023 en 16,019 15,799 32,652 3,407 948 1.4% 68,825 1.7% ConnecticutCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Connecticut 1908 U.S. Government Printing Office 978-0-87152-362-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=8JvJMKjh0A0C&pg=PA1 April 20, 2023 en 60,523 54,403 117,448 2,808 2,764 1.2% 237,946 6.0% New YorkCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: New York 1908 U.S. Government Printing Office https://books.google.com/books?id=dbDiRQ2YOHYC&pg=PP11 April 20, 2023 enHeads of families at the first census of the United States taken in the year 1790: New York .. 1907 Washington, Govt. Print. Off. https://archive.org/details/cu31924090247028/page/n153/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater 83,700 78,122 152,320 4,654 21,324 6.3% 340,120 8.6% New Jersey 45,251 41,416 83,287 2,762 11,423 6.2% 184,139 4.6% PennsylvaniaCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Pennsylvania 1908 U.S. Government Printing Office https://books.google.com/books?id=sCsupLLajLkC&pg=PA1 April 20, 2023 en 110,788 106,948 206,363 6,537 3,737 0.9% 434,373 11.0% Delaware 11,783 12,143 22,384 3,899 8,887 15.0% 59,094Corrected figures are 59,096, or 2 more than figures published in 1790, due to error in addition. 1.5% MarylandCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Maryland 1907 U.S. Government Printing Office https://books.google.com/books?id=UxDYLpPcrfIC&pg=PA1 April 20, 2023 en 55,915 51,339 101,395 8,043 103,036 32.2% 319,728 8.1% VirginiaCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Virginia 1908 U.S. Government Printing Office https://books.google.com/books?id=pEk8AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1 April 20, 2023 en 110,936 116,135 215,046 12,866 292,627 39.1% 747,610The figures for Virginia do not include the population of Kentucky. Though Kentucky was then a part of Virginia, the Kentucky figures were compiled separately, and are shown on the line for Kentucky. The Virginia figures do include the portion of Virginia that later became the state of West Virginia.Census Office United States 1909 A Century of Population Growth from the First Census of the United States to the Twelfth, 1790–1900 https://books.google.com/books?id=H9KwtRkiO1YC&pg=PA42 47 18.9% Kentucky 15,154 17,057 28,922 114 12,430 16.9% 73,677 1.9% North CarolinaCensus United States Bureau of the Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: North Carolina 1908 U.S. Government Printing Office https://books.google.com/books?id=VXwKN7Uhp8QC&pg=PP15 April 20, 2023 en 69,988 77,506 140,710 4,975 100,572 25.5% 393,751 9.9% South Carolina 35,576 37,722 66,880 1,801 107,094 43.0% 249,073 6.3% Georgia 13,103 14,044 25,739 398 29,264 35.5% 82,548 2.1% Southwest Territory 6,271 10,277 15,365 361 3,417 9.6% 35,691 0.9% Total 813,365 802,127 1,556,628 59,511 697,697 17.8% 3,929,326 100% lower-alpha Urban centers thumb|Commemorative pitcher with census results +Cities and towns by population City State PopulationPopulation of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 1998 https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/1998/demo/POP-twps0027.html U.S. Census Bureau Population of Connecticut Towns 1756–1820 http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?a=3188&q=392400 Connecticut Secretary of the State State of Connecticut April 13, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20170113205538/http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?a=3188&q=392394 January 13, 2017 dead Region (2016)https://www.census.gov/econ/census/help/geography/regions_and_divisions.html Regions and Divisions U.S. Census Bureau September 9, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161203020637/http://www.census.gov/econ/census/help/geography/regions_and_divisions.html December 3, 2016 dead Population (2020) New York New York 33,131 Northeast 1,694,251 [Manhattan only] Philadelphia Pennsylvania 28,522 Northeast 69,433 [Center City only] Boston Massachusetts 18,320 Northeast 675,647 Charleston South Carolina 16,359 South 150,227 Baltimore Maryland 13,503 South 585,708 Norwalk Connecticut 11,942 Northeast 91,184 Northern Liberties Pennsylvania 9,913 Northeast Rensselaerswyck New York 8,318 Northeast Salem Massachusetts 7,921 Northeast 44,480 Watervliet New York 7,419 Northeast 10,375 Ballston New York 7,333 Northeast 11,831 Stephentown New York 6,795 Northeast 2,791 Newport Rhode Island 6,716 Northeast 25,163 Canaan New York 6,692 Northeast 1,570 Providence Rhode Island 6,380 Northeast 190,934 Canajoharie New York 6,156 Northeast 3,660 Fishkill New York 5,941 Northeast 24,226 Frederickstown New York 5,932 Northeast 11,541 Marblehead Massachusetts 5,661 Northeast 20,441 Southwark Pennsylvania 5,661 Northeast Middletown Connecticut 5,375 Northeast 47,717 Gloucester Massachusetts 5,317 Northeast 29,729 Amwell New Jersey 5,201 Northeast Washington New York 5,189 Northeast 4,522 Cambridge New York 4,996 Northeast 1,952 Bridgewater Massachusetts 4,975 Northeast 28,633 Newburyport Massachusetts 4,837 Northeast 18,289 Haverstraw New York 4,826 Northeast 39,087 Portsmouth New Hampshire 4,720 Northeast 21,956 Rehoboth Massachusetts 4,710 Northeast 12,502 Shrewsbury New Jersey 4,673 Northeast 1,076 Kinderhook New York 4,661 Northeast 8,330 Clinton New York 4,607 Northeast 4,037 Livingston New York 4,594 Northeast 3,628 Ipswich Massachusetts 4,562 Northeast 13,785 Hillsdale New York 4,556 Northeast 1,831 Sherburne Massachusetts 4,555 Northeast 14,255 Middleborough Massachusetts 4,526 Northeast 24,245 New Haven Connecticut 4,484 Northeast 135,081 Mohawk New York 4,440 Northeast 3,572 Pawling New York 4,330 Northeast 8,012 Caughnawaga New York 4,261 Northeast New Cornwall New York 4,225 Northeast 12,884 Lebanon Connecticut 4,166 Northeast 7,142 South Kingstown Rhode Island 4,131 Northeast 31,913 Oyster Bay New York 4,097 Northeast 301,332 Hartford Connecticut 4,090 Northeast 121,054 Glocester Rhode Island 4,025 Northeast 9,974 Fairfield Connecticut 4,009 Northeast 61,512 Newbury Massachusetts 3,972 Northeast 6,716 Kingston New York 3,929 Northeast 24,069 Berwick MassachusettsIn present day Maine. 3,894 Northeast 7,950 South Hempstead New York 3,828 Northeast 793,409 Wethersfield Connecticut 3,806 Northeast 27,298 Taunton Massachusetts 3,804 Northeast 59,408 Lower Freehold New Jersey 3,785 Northeast 35,369 Lancaster Pennsylvania 3,773 Northeast 58,039 Richmond Virginia 3,761 South 226,610 Rhinebeck New York 3,662 Northeast 7,548 Warwick New York 3,603 Northeast 32,027 Halfmoon New York 3,602 Northeast 25,662 Beekman New York 3,597 Northeast 14,172 Montgomery New York 3,563 Northeast 23,322 Woodbridge New Jersey 3,520 Northeast 103,639 Albany New York 3,498 Northeast 99,224 Schenectady New York 3,472 Northeast 67,047 Guilford Connecticut 3,460 Northeast 22,073 Upper Freehold New Jersey 3,442 Northeast 7,273 Southampton New York 3,408 Northeast 69,036 Coxsackie New York 3,406 Northeast 8,382 Palatine New York 3,404 Northeast 3,240 North East New York 3,401 Northeast 2,971 Wallingford Connecticut 3,375 Northeast 44,396 New Bedford Massachusetts 3,313 Northeast 102,882 Beverly Massachusetts 3,290 Northeast 42,670 Claverack New York 3,262 Northeast 6,058 Huntington New York 3,260 Northeast 204,127 Kittery MassachusettsIn present day Maine. 3,259 Northeast 10,070 Stratford Connecticut 3,241 Northeast 52,355 Saybrook Connecticut 3,233 Northeast 4,415 Chatham Connecticut 3,230 Northeast 12,717 Middletown New Jersey 3,225 Northeast 67,106 Brookhaven New York 3,224 Northeast 485,773 Southold New York 3,219 Northeast 23,732 Smithfield Rhode Island 3,171 Northeast 22,118 Watertown Connecticut 3,170 Northeast 22,105 New Milford Connecticut 3,167 Northeast 28,115 Greenwich Connecticut 3,132 Northeast 63,518 Brookfield Massachusetts 3,100 Northeast 3,439 Amenia New York 3,078 Northeast 3,769 Saratoga New York 3,071 Northeast 5,808 Stillwater New York 3,071 Northeast 9,022 Wells MassachusettsIn present day Maine. 3,070 Northeast 11,314 Earl Pennsylvania 3,051 Northeast 7,149 Hoosick New York 3,035 Northeast 6,711 Danbury Connecticut 3,030 Northeast 86,518 Cocalico Pennsylvania 3,027 Northeast East Hartford Connecticut 3,016 Northeast 51,045 Plymouth Massachusetts 2,995 Northeast 61,217 Derby Connecticut 2,994 Northeast 12,325 Falmouth MassachusettsIn present day Maine. 2,994 Northeast 12,444 Images References 30em External links Historic US Census data https://web.archive.org/web/20180713112742/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1790/number_of_persons/1790a-02.pdf July 13, 2018 1790 Census of Population and Housing official reports Population of 24 Urban Places: 1790 https://www2.census.gov:443/prod2/decennial/documents/1790m-02.pdf Heads of Families at the First Census 1790 U.S. Census Bureau Census, 1790 Category:1st United States Congress Category:United States census United States