1030

Calendar year December 2024 1030 1030 thumb|King Olaf II (left) is killed at the Battle of Stiklestad Year 1030 (MXXX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire Emperor Romanos III Argyros decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure Antioch. The Mirdasid emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr of Aleppo sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamped near Azaz, where they were encircled by the Mirdasids' Bedouin troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water. August 10 – Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic. Romanos returns to Constantinople in humiliation, but his generals on the eastern frontier manage to salvage the situation: a Fatimid attack on Maraclea is repulsed, and Azaz itself is captured in December after a brief siege. In April/May 1031, Emir Nasr of Aleppo agreed to vassal and tributary status with Byzantium.Halm Heinz Heinz Halm Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 German The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074 C. H. Beck Munich 2003 3-406-48654-1 341–343 Europe July – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) leads an invasion into Hungary. He plunders the lands west of the River Rába but suffers from the consequences of the scorched earth tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat to Germany. King Stephen I (St. Stephen) pursued his forces, which were defeated and captured by the Hungarians at Vienna. July 29 – Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf) attempts to reconquer Norway with help from King Anund Jakob of Sweden. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle. He is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway'). The first mention is made of Tartu, Estonia, as Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Novgorod and Kiev defeats the Estonians and finds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu).Tvauri Andres The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia 2012 33, 59, 60 https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG December 27, 2016 The Rus' will hold the fortress for 30 or 31 years. The first mention is made of Thalwil, Switzerland, derived from Tellewilare and indicates the early medieval origins of Thalwil as an Alemannic farmstead. Henry I revolts against his father, King Robert II (the Pious), in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to Beaugency. Asia April 30 – Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Mas'ud I, who seizes the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire, which includes much of Afghanistan, Iran, and India. Ouyang Xiu, a Chinese historian and scholar, obtained his jinshi degree at the age of 23, by passing the imperial examinations in the country, leading him to a distinguished path as a scholar-official. The Chola Empire reaches its greatest extent. Births July 21 – Kyansittha, king of the Pagan Empire (Burma) July 26 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków (d. 1079) Adelaide of Eilenburg, German noblewoman (approximate date) Anne of Kiev, French queen and regent (approximate date) Baldwin VI (the Good), count of Flanders (approximate date) Bruno of Cologne, founder of the Carthusian Order (d. 1101) Gerard (the Great), duke of Lorraine (approximate date) Gertrude of Saxony, countess of Holland (approximate date) Manegold of Lautenbach, German priest (approximate date) Romanos IV, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 1072) Vsevolod I Yaroslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1093) Walter of Pontoise, French abbot (approximate date) William of Hirsau, German abbot (approximate date) Deaths January 10 – Thietmar, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark January 31 – William V (the Great), duke of Aquitaine (b. 969) March 10 – Welf II, German nobleman (Elder House of Welf) April 30 – Mahmud of Ghazni, Ghaznavid emir (b. 971) July 19 – Adalberon, French bishop and poet (or 1031) July 29 Bjørn Stallare, Norwegian servant and diplomat Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf), king of Norway Torstein Knarresmed, Norwegian Viking warrior Al-Musabbihi, Fatimid historian and official (b. 977) Cú Mara mac Maic Liac, Irish poet and Chief Ollam Fan Kuan, Chinese landscape painter (approximate date) Gormflaith ingen Murchada, Irish queen (b. 960) Krešimir III, king of Croatia (Trpimirović Dynasty) Miskawayh, Persian official and philosopher (b. 932) Skapti Þóroddsson, Icelandic lawspeaker and skald Tadg in Eich Gil, king of Connacht (approximate date) William IV, count of Provence (approximate date) References