1913 Tour de France

April 2019 May 2019 1913 Tour de France Route of the 1913 Tour de France.png Route of the 1913 Tour de France followed counterclockwise, starting in Paris Map of France with the route of the 1913 Tour de France on it, showing that the race started in Paris, went clockwise through France and ended in Paris after fifteen stages. 360px 29 June – 27 July 1913 15 5287 km 197h 54' 00" Philippe Thys BEL Peugeot Gustave Garrigou FRA Peugeot Marcel Buysse BEL Peugeot 1912 1914 The 1913 Tour de France was the 11th edition of the Tour de France, taking place between 29 June and 27 July. The total distance was 5287 km mi and the average speed of the riders was 26.715 km/h mph.Augendre 2016 108 The competition was won by the Belgian Philippe Thys, after in the crucial sixth stage Eugène Christophe broke his bicycle and lost several hours because he had to do the repairs by himself. In the last stage, Thys also had mechanical problems, but he got help during the repairs, and only got a penalty of ten minutes. Between 1904 and 1912, the overall classification had been calculated by points, but in 1913 the classification was reverted to the original format from 1903, where the overall classification was calculated by adding up the times of the individual stages. The general classification has been calculated in the time format ever since. Innovations and changes In 1905, the format of the Tour de France had been changed from the time system to the points system, to reduce the cheating that had caused the first four cyclists of the 1904 Tour de France to be disqualified. In the 1912 Tour de France, this system had been working against Eugène Christophe's chances, who would have been leading the time classification up until the final stage where he allowed a group to ride away.http://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1912.php 1912: Belgian victory foreshadows problems to come VeloArchive Tom James 14 August 2003 12 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20060414084851/http://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1912.php 14 April 2006 live The system had been working against a French cyclist and in favor of a Belgian cyclist (Odiel Defraye, who won the Tour de France in 1912), and the French organisation changed the system back again to the time system: the finishing times of all stages were added per cyclist, and the cyclist with the least total time was the winner. This was also intended to increase combativity, because in the points system riders did not care about time gaps, so escaped low-ranked riders were ignored by high-ranked cyclists.McGann McGann 2006 38 For the first time, the route of the race was in the opposite direction. Prior to the 1913 race, the Tour the France always had been in the clockwise direction through France, and in 1913 it was anticlockwise. Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1913 Tour de France The 1913 Tour started with 140 cyclists; there were 51 cyclists distributed over 9 teams, including all favourites for the overall victory. The remaining 89 cyclists started in the isolés category.The history of the Tour de France – Year 1913 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1913/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 7 August 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190807084844/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1913/partants.html dead Although cyclists had started in teams previously, the rules had forbidden them to work together against other cyclists. In 1913, this changed, and cyclists from the same team were allowed to work together. The organisers preferred riders to ride solo, so they added a rule that if a cyclist would win a stage with a margin of 20 minutes or more, he would not only get his own prize money, but also the half of all the other cyclists' prize money of that stage.http://www.historischekranten.be/issue/DPO/1913-06-29/edition/null/page/2?query=%22ronde%20van%20frankrijk%22&period=1903-1939&sort=issuedate%20ascending De ronde van Frankrijk nl 29 June 1913 20 May 2014 De Poperinghenaar The first African cyclist took part in the Tour de France in 1913: Ali Neffati from Tunisia. Neffati had been discovered by Tour organiser Henri Desgrange, and would later become a driver at l'Auto, the newspaper that organised the Tour de France. Race overview 1913 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8 1913 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15 thumb|upright|Philippe Thys, winner of the 1913 Tour de France, after finishing the race This edition started with six former Tour de France winners (Louis Trousselier, Lucien Petit-Breton, François Faber, Octave Lapize, Gustave Garrigou and Odile Defraye), the most ever. In the first stages, not much happened in the overall classification, as most cyclists were saving their energy for the Pyrenees.Amels 1984 18–19 The stage was won by Italian Giovanni Micheletto in a sprint. Micheletto was not part of the first group in the second stage, and thus lost his lead. There were four cyclists who had been in the lead group in both stages, and they were jointly leading the Tour.http://aalst.courant.nu/index.php?page=1&mod=krantresultaat&q=masselis&datering=7/1913&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=datum+asc%2Ckrant+asc%2Cpagina+asc&paragraaf=70&doc=6&p=3&paragraaf=96&y=376 De algemeene klassering na de twee eerste ritten nl 3 July 1913 20 October 2013 Documentatiecentrum en Archief voor Daensisme en Hedendaagse Geschiedenis van de Denderstreek De Volksstem https://web.archive.org/web/20131022063042/http://aalst.courant.nu/index.php?page=1&mod=krantresultaat&q=masselis&datering=7%2F1913&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=datum+asc%2Ckrant+asc%2Cpagina+asc&paragraaf=70&doc=6&p=3&paragraaf=96&y=376 22 October 2013 dead dmy-all The most important event occurred in the third stage, when former winner Lapize stopped the race; either because he considered his earning insufficient,http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1913/histoire.html 1913 - 11th Tour de France ASO 12 May 2009 https://archive.today/20090514195813/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/TDF/1913/us/annee.html 14 May 2009 dead dmy-all or because he thought his team was not good enough.McGann McGann 2006 38 The crucial stage proved to be the sixth. At the start of the sixth stage, last year's winner Defraye led the general classification, some 5 minutes ahead of Eugène Christophe.McGann McGann 2006 38 In that sixth stage, the first mountains were climbed. Defraye was dropped quickly, and Christophe led the race. Christophe came up first on the Aubisque, and in second place behind Philippe Thys on the Tourmalet. On the way down from the Tourmalet, Christophe was hit by a race vehicle,https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/jan/07/cycling.features There's unlucky ... and then there's Christophe Matt Rendell 7 January 2007 17 December 2015 theguardian.com and his fork broke, rendering his bike unusable, and the rules said that he had to repair it himself. He walked more than 10 km down to the next village, and found a place where he could repair his bicycle. He worked on it for over three hours, being watched by race officials who made sure that he was not helped by anyone. When Christophe asked a small boy, of seven years old, to work the bellows, he was fined with ten minutes.http://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1913.php 1913: Eugène Christophe, Ste. Marie de Campan and the forge Tom James VeloArchive 14 August 2003 12 May 2009Strack, F. (February 2019). Power to the people?: The rise of the e-bike causes Frank Strack to consider the essence of what it means to be a cyclist. Cyclist:The Thrill of the Ride, (83), 48. During this repair, angry with the draconian rules, he snapped: (at the hungry race commissaires) "If you're hungry, eat charcoal! [...] I am your prisoner and you will remain my wardens till the end".Cossins Best Sidwells Griffith 2013 54–55 After his bicycle was fixed, he rode away and finished the stage, 3 hours and 50 minutes later than the stage winner Thys. Christophe's chances to win the 1913 Tour de France were over.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1913_6.php 6ème étape - Bayonne-Luchon Mémoire du cyclisme fr 12 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090503114250/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1913_6.php 3 May 2009 dead After that sixth stage, Marcel Buysse was in the lead. In the ninth stage, Buysse had mechanical failure with a broken handlebar, and finished almost three and a half hours after stage winner Lambot. This was the end of the chances for Buysse for the victory. Buysse did not give up, and won four of the remaining five stages.Amels 1984 18–19 The lead had transferred to Thys now. In the last stages, the race focussed on the duel between Petit-Breton and Thys. In the 14th stage, Petit-Breton fell down and stopped the race. In the same stage, Thys also fell down and remained unconscious for a while. When he was conscious again, he was helped to repair his bicycle. All help was illegal in 1913, but the jury only gave him a 10-minute penalty. Thys finished the stage, and kept 8'37" in front of Gustave Garrigou in the general classification. In the final stage, Thys stayed with Garrigou, and so won the 1913 Tour de France. Results Stage winners + Stage characteristics and winnershttp://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1913.php Mémoire du cyclisme 11ème Tour de France 1913 fr 12 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090131133957/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1913.php 31 January 2009 dead Augendre 2016 15http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1913 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC 12 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 16 May 2008 live The history of the Tour de France – Year 1913 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1913/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402233128/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1913/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance TypeIn 1913, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate which stages included mountains. Winner Race leader 1 29 June Paris to Le Havre 388 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Giovanni Micheletto ITA 1861 Giovanni Micheletto ITA 1861 2 1 July Le Havre to Cherbourg-en-Cotentin 364 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jules Masselis BEL Jules Masselis BELjoint After the second stage, Masselis, Lauwers, Buysse and Defraye joined the lead. There were no rules for equal times in 1913.<br/ >Alfons Lauwers BELjoint<br/ >Marcel Buysse BELjoint<br/ >Odile Defraye BELjoint 3 3 July Cherbourg to Brest 405 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Henri Pelissier FRA Odile Defraye BEL 4 5 July Brest to La Rochelle 470 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Marcel Buysse BEL Odile Defraye BEL 5 7 July La Rochelle to Bayonne 379 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Henri Van Lerberghe BEL Odile Defraye BEL 6 9 July Bayonne to Luchon 326 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Philippe Thys BEL Philippe Thys BEL 7 11 July Luchon to Perpignan 324 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Marcel Buysse BEL Marcel Buysse BEL 8 13 July Perpignan to Aix-en-Provence 325 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Gustave Garrigou FRA Marcel Buysse BEL 9 15 July Aix-en-Provence to Nice 356 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Firmin Lambot BEL Philippe Thys BEL 10 17 July Nice to Grenoble 333 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Francois Faber LUX Philippe Thys BEL 11 19 July Grenoble to Geneva 325 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Marcel Buysse BEL Philippe Thys BEL 12 21 July Geneva to Belfort 335 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Marcel Buysse BEL Philippe Thys BEL 13 23 July Belfort to Longwy 325 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) François Faber LUX Philippe Thys BEL 14 25 July Longwy to Dunkerque 393 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Marcel Buysse BEL Philippe Thys BEL 15 27 July Dunkerque to Paris 340 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Marcel Buysse BEL Philippe Thys BEL Total 5287 km 0 onAugendre 2016 108 General classification thumb|upright|Philippe Thys, the winner of the 1913 Tour de France.|alt=A man sitting on a bicycle For each cyclist, the times they had needed in each stage was added up for the general classification. The cyclist with the least accumulated time after the last stage was the winner. Of the 140 starting cyclists, 25 finished. + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1913 – Stage 15 Dunkerque > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1913/1500/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402214448/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1913/1500/etape.html dead Rank Rider Team Time1 Philippe Thys BEL Peugeot 197h 54' 00"2 Gustave Garrigou FRA Peugeot +8' 37"3 Marcel Buysse BEL Peugeot + 3h 30' 55"4 Firmin Lambot BEL Griffon + 4h 12' 45"5 François Faber LUX Peugeot + 6h 26' 04"6 Alfons Spiessens BEL J.B. Louvet + 7h 57' 52"7 Eugène Christophe FRA Peugeot + 14h 06' 35"8 Camillo Bertarelli ITA 1861 — + 16h 21' 38"9 Joseph Vandaele BEL J.B. Louvet + 16h 39' 53"10 Emile Engel FRA Peugeot + 16h 52' 34" Final general classification (11–25) Rank Rider Sponsor Time 11 Louis Trousselier FRA J.B. Louvet + 18h 11' 13" 12 Jules Deloffre FRA — + 18h 31' 31" 13 Clemente Canepari ITA 1861 J.B. Louvet + 19h 11' 13" 14 Paul Deman BEL Automoto + 19h 27' 02" 15 Vincent Dhulst FRA — + 20h 10' 12" 16 Louis Petitjean BEL — + 22h 00' 27" 17 Paul Hostein FRA Peugeot + 25h 41' 06" 18 Maurice Leliaert BEL — + 26h 18' 25" 19 Jean Alavoine FRA Peugeot + 27h 43' 47" 20 Giuseppe Contesini ITA 1861 — + 30h 37' 34" 21 Louis Coolsaet BEL — + 31h 46' 50" 22 Achille De Smet BEL — + 54h 44' 07" 23 Charles Dumont SUI — + 64h 33' 55" 24 Celidonio Morini ITA 1861 — + 76h 31' 47" 25 Henri Alavoine FRA — + 76h 55' 52" In the points system that had been used in previous years in the Tour de France, Garrigou would have won the race with 45 points, followed by Buysse with 48 points; Thys would have been third with 57 points.http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1913/07/31/pagina-3/608360/pdf.html La Vuelta a Francia es 31 July 1913 19 December 2015 EL Mundo Deportivo Other classifications thumb|upright|Camillo Bertarelli, the winner of the "isolés" category, for cyclists not part of a team Camillo Bertarelli, ranked 8 in the general classification, became the winner of the "isolés" category.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/fr/TDF/1913/histoire.html l'Historique du Tour - Année 1913 fr Amaury Sport Organisation 8 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100103034204/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/fr/TDF/1913/histoire.html 3 January 2010 dead dmy-all The "isolés" classification was calculated in the same way as the general classification, but only the isolated cyclists (not part of a team) were eligible. The organising newspaper l'Auto named Philippe Thys the meilleur grimpeur. This unofficial title is the precursor to the mountains classification.Cleijne 2014 156 Notes References 30em Bibliography Amels Wim De geschiedenis van de Tour de France 1903–1984 Valkenswaard, Netherlands Sport-Express 1984 nl 978-90-70763-05-3 Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 PDF Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Cleijne Jan Legends of the Tour https://books.google.com/books?id=3nCNAwAAQBAJ 2014 London Head of Zeus 978-1-78185-998-8 Cossins Peter Best Isabel Sidwells Chris Griffith Clare Le Tour 100: The Definitive History of the World's Greatest Race https://books.google.com/books?id=-eRYAQAAQBAJ 2013 Hachette UK London 978-1-84403-759-9 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis, IN 2006 978-1-59858-180-5 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 44–45 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1913 Tour de France 1 8 9 15 Tour de France Category:Tour de France by year Tour de France Tour de France Tour de France