1995 Antofagasta earthquake

July 1995 earthquake in Chile 1995 Antofagasta earthquake 1995-07-30 05:11:23 usp000714t 96080 Chile 1995 7 30 01:11 8.0 w y 46 km on -23.35 -70.32 region:CL_type:event inline,title Chile $1.791 million 7 0.29 g 2 - 3 m on 3 dead 58–59 injured 575–630 homeless thumb | right | alt=Seismic map of the earthquake. The epicenter is marked with a star. | Seismic map of the earthquake. The epicenter is marked with a star. The 1995 Antofagasta earthquake occurred on July 30 at 05:11 UTC (01:11 local time) with a moment magnitude of 8.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). The Antofagasta Region in Chile was affected by a moderate tsunami, with three people killed, 58 or 59 injured, and around 600 homeless. Total damage from the earthquake and tsunami amounted to $1.791 million. Tectonic setting Chile lies along the oblique convergent boundary between the oceanic Nazca plate and the continental South American plate. Crustal deformation is primarily accommodated by two main types of faulting: strike slip and reverse faulting subduction zone earthquakes.Dura Tina Cisternas Marco Horton Benjamin P. Ely Lisa Nelson Alan Wesson Rob Pilarczyk Jessica Coastal evidence for Holocene subduction-zone earthquakes and tsunamis in central Chile Quaternary Science Reviews April 2015 113 93–111 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.015 2015QSRv..113...93D http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.015 17 August 2022 subscription De Pascale Gregory P. Froude Melanie Penna Ivanna Hermanns Reginald L. Sepúlveda Sergio A. Moncada Daniel Persico Mario Easton Gabriel Villalobos Angelo Gutiérrez Francisco Liquiñe-Ofqui's fast slipping intra-volcanic arc crustal faulting above the subducted Chile Ridge Scientific Reports March 2021 11 1 7069 10.1038/s41598-021-86413-w free 33782456 8007613 2021NatSR..11.7069D https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86413-w 17 August 2022Cembrano José Hervé Francisco Lavenu Alain The Liquiñe Ofqui fault zone: a long-lived intra-arc fault system in southern Chile Tectonophysics 1996 259 1–3 55–66 10.1016/0040-1951(95)00066-6 1996Tectp.259...55C https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(95)00066-6 17 August 2022 subscription Reverse faulting deformation is taken up by the Peru-Chile Trench, on which this earthquake occurred. Slip rate on the fault is 68-80 mm on/yr, and as a result the subduction zone is responsible for many megathrust earthquakes in the region. Some of the largest recorded earthquakes ever recorded occurred in the area, such as the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, the 1730 Valparaíso earthquake, and the 1420 Caldera earthquake. Abad M. Izquierdo T. Cáceres M. Bernárdez E. Rodríguez-Vidal J. 2018 Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean-wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile) Sedimentology 67 3 1505–1528 10.1111/sed.12570 135386871 Strike slip faulting is taken up the by the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault. It is responsible for a w 7.7 earthquake as part of the aftershock sequence of the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, and potentially was involved with the main rupture as well.Kanamori Hiroo Rivera Luis An M_w = 7.7 slow earthquake in 1960 near the Aysén Fjord region, Chile Geophysical Journal International 1 October 2017 211 1 10.1093/GJI/GGX292 free Kanamori Hiroo Evidence for a large strike-slip component during the 1960 Chilean earthquake Geophysical Journal International July 2019 218 1 1–32 10.1093/gji/ggz113 free https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334143123 9 July 2022 Earthquake thumb|left|ShakeMap provided by the United States Geological Survey At 1:11 local time on July 30, 1995, a large earthquake struck northern Chile. The w 8.0 earthquake struck at a depth of 46 km on with an epicenter near Antofagasta. The focal mechanism of this earthquake indicates thrust faulting along the subduction zone, which is consistent with other large earthquakes along the plate boundary in this region.Barrientos Sergio UPDATE ON NORTHERN CHILE EARTHQUAKE (August 1, 1995) https://www.eso.org/gen-fac/pubs/astclim/earthquake/30JUL95.html European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere 17 August 2022Pritchard M. E. Simon M. Rosen P. A. Hensley S. Webb F. H. Co-seismic slip from the 1995 July 30 Mw= 8.1 Antofagasta, Chile, earthquake as constrained by InSAR and GPS observations Geophysical Journal International 2 August 2002 150 2 362–376 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01661.x 2002GeoJI.150..362P 15894908 free The maximum slip was 5.4 m on along a 180x70 km on zone of rupture.USGS Finite Fault https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000714t/finite-fault United States Geological Survey 17 August 2022Ruegg J. C. Barrientos S. Campos J. Armijo R. Serrurier L. Lazo D. Ortlieb L. QUANTIFICATION OF THE 1995 ANTOFAGASTA EARTHQUAKE FROM GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS AND MODELLING International Geological Correlation Program Project 367: Late Quaternary Coastal Records of Rapid Change: Application Ta Present and Future Conditions November 1995 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers21-02/010015091.pdf 18 August 2022 Foreshock activity was minimal, but large aftershocks lasted a while after the mainshock, with the largest being a shallower w 6.4 event with a Modified Mercalli Intensity of VII three days later.USGS Nearby Seismicity https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?currentFeatureId=usp000714t&extent=-26.88288,-76.97021&extent=-19.74602,-63.61084&range=search&baseLayer=terrain&timeZone=utc&search=%7B%22name%22:%22Search%20Results%22,%22params%22:%7B%22endtime%22:%221995-08-20T05:11:23.630Z%22,%22latitude%22:-23.34,%22longitude%22:-70.294,%22maxradiuskm%22:250,%22minmagnitude%22:5,%22starttime%22:%221995-07-09T05:11:23.630Z%22%7D%7D United States Geological Survey 17 August 2022 The event occurred at the edge of a known seismic gap that produced the 1877 Iquique earthquake, and research suggests that this earthquake may have put more stress on the region as well.Métois M. Socquet A. Vigny C. Carrizo D. Peyrat S. Delorme A. Maureire E. Valderas-Bermejo M.-C. Ortega I. Revisiting the North Chile seismic gap segmentation using GPS-derived interseismic coupling Geophysical Journal International 3 September 2013 194 3 1283–1294 10.1093/gji/ggt183 free The event is not thought to have ruptured the shallow plate interface in the region, leaving it susceptible to future large megathrust earthquakes such as the 1877 event. Tsunami The tsunami observed was smaller than expected, however this may be explained by the depth of the event. Maximum run-up height was measured at 2.8 m on at Antofagasta. Tide gauges at Antofagasta, Caldera, and Iqiuque recorded wave heights of 1.5 m on, 0.6 m on, 0.3 m on respectively.Ihmlé Pierre F. Ruegg Jean-Claude Source tomography by simulated annealing using broad-band surface waves and geodetic data: application to the Mw=8.1 Chile 1995 event Geophysical Journal International October 1997 131 1 146–158 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb00601.x 1997GeoJI.131..146I free 10 hours after initial rupture, tsunami waves reached French Polynesia where anomalously large run-ups of 2.5 m on and crest-to-trough wave heights of 3 m on were recorded.Guibourg Sandrine Heinrich Phillippe Roche Roger Numerical modeling of the 1995 Chilean Tsunami. Impact on French Polynesia Geophysical Research Letters 1 April 1997 24 7 775–778 10.1029/97GL00317 1997GeoRL..24..775G 129776108 free Tahiti itself recorded a small tsunami of 20 cm on, while Hilo, Hawaii registered heights of 80 cm on. See also List of earthquakes in 1995 List of earthquakes in Chile List of earthquakes in Peru References The Mw = 8.0 Antofagasta (northern Chile) earthquake of 30 July 1995: A precursor to the end of the large 1877 gap http://www.bssaonline.org/content/87/2/427.short B. Delouis T. Monfret L. Dorbath M. Pardo L. Rivera D. Comte H. Haessler J. P. Caminade L. Ponce E. Kausel A. Cisternas 1997 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87 2 427 10.1785/BSSA0870020427 1997BuSSA..87..427D 129629213 subscriptionJune 2023 InternetArchiveBot yes ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2013) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 2017 International Seismological Centre Version 4.0 Significant Earthquake Database https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1 https://web.archive.org/web/20060929000601/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1 dead September 29, 2006 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) 1972 National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/ September 4, 2009 United States Geological Survey Version 2008_06.1 External links 96080 Category:1990s tsunamis Antofagasta Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Chile Antofagasta Category:History of Antofagasta Region Category:July 1995 in South America Category:Tsunamis in Chile Category:Presidency of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle