1900 San Narciso earthquake

Earthquake in Venezuela 1900 San Narciso earthquake Terremoto de San Narciso de 1900 04.webp Venezuela 1900-10-29 09:11:00 16957719 cent19001029091100000 1900 10 29 04:30–04:45 VET 7.6–7.7 w yVásquez, R Guzmán, A L Rodríguez, J A Colón, S Audemard, F Cabas, Mauricio Magnitude estimation of the 1900 earthquake in Venezuela based on its coseismic effects IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020 872 1 012034 10.1088/1757-899X/872/1/012034 2020MS&E..872a2034V https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/handle/11323/6540?locale-attribute=en 12 June 2021 1757-899X 11323/6540 222118329 free 7.7–8.4 s y 15 km on 11.0 -66.0 region:VE_type:event inline,title San Sebastián Fault Strike-slip 8 5 m 25–140 dead An earthquake occurred in Venezuela on 29 October 1900 (feast of Saint Narcissus of Girona es Narciso de Gerona) between 4:30 and 4:45 am local time. Its epicenter was off Miranda State or near the Venezuelan capital Caracas, in the Cariaco Basin. It had an estimated moment magnitude of 7.6–7.7 and a surface-wave magnitude of 7.7–8.4. It had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). It caused widespread landslides and soil liquefaction, and many buildings were severely damaged or collapsed. It is the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in the country.Tragedia de San Narciso. Terremoto de Caracas ocurrido en el año de 1900. https://radiorescate.com.ve/tragedia-de-san-narciso-terremoto-de-caracas-ocurrido-en-el-ano-de-1900/ Radiorescate 12 June 2021 es 14 February 2019 Earthquake The earthquake measured 7.7 on the surface-wave and moment magnitude scales, making it the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in Venezuela. The National Geophysical Data Center listed this earthquake as having a surface wave magnitude of 8.4 while a 1983 catalog placed that figure at 7.7.K. Abe, S. Noguchi Revision of magnitudes of large shallow earthquakes, 1897–1912 Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1983 33 1 1–11 10.1016/0031-9201(83)90002-X 1983PEPI...33....1A https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/003192018390002X 12 June 2021 subscription Charles Francis Richter also assigned the earthquake at s 8.4 in his 1958 book Elementary seismology.Charles Francis Richter Elementary seismology 1958 WH Freeman & Co 768 1Suárez Gerardo Nábělek John The 1967 Caracas Earthquake: Fault geometry, direction of rupture propagation and seismotectonic implications Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 10 October 1990 95 B11 17459–17474 10.1029/JB095iB11p17459 1990JGR....9517459S In a 1992 catalog and 2020 study, this event was assigned w 7.6.J.F. Pacheco, L.R. Sykes Seismic moment catalog of large shallow earthquakes, 1900 to 1989 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1992 82 3 1306–1349 10.1785/BSSA0820031306 1992BuSSA..82.1306P 132108756 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-abstract/82/3/1306/119578/Seismic-moment-catalog-of-large-shallow?redirectedFrom=fulltext 12 June 2021 subscription More than 250 aftershocks were recorded in the months following the main event. The aftershocks were disruptive to the local population. One of these aftershocks is rumored to have woken then president of Venezuela, Cipriano Castro. He leapt from the Yellow House and was injured.El movimiento telúrico tuvo una magnitud de 8,0 http://www.funvisis.gob.ve/old/reportaje3.php funvisis.gob.ve Venezuelan Foundation for Seismological Research 12 June 2021 Spanish The earthquake was associated with strike-slip faulting along either the La Tortuga or San Sebastián faults. These faults are east–west striking structures located off the northern Venezuelan coast. A marine seismic study in 2015 concluded that the San Sebastián Fault was the structure responsible for this earthquake. The San Sebastián Fault is submarine for most of its length and runs parallel to the southern flanks of the Venezuelan Coastal Range. Ocean-bottom surveys found recent seafloor deformation and fault scarps interpreted to be due to fault movement during the earthquake. Various rupture lengths have been suggested; 220 km for a w 7.6 event, and 270 km for a w 7.7 event, while a depth of 15 km was inferred. The 1900 earthquake is thought to have ruptured a section of the San Sebastián Fault located between the 1812 and 1853 ruptures.Colón S. Audemard F.A. Beck C. Avila J. Padrón C. De Batist M. Paolini M. Leal A.F. Van Welden A. The 1900 Mw 7.6 earthquake offshore north–central Venezuela: Is La Tortuga or San Sebastián the source fault? Marine and Petroleum Geology Elsevier BV 67 2015 0264-8172 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.06.005 498–511 2015MarPG..67..498C Impact With an epicenter in the Caribbean Sea, the earthquake badly affected the north-central Venezuelan coast. In the central region, the earthquake resulted in shaking as high as IX on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale, covering a 3,560 km2 region around the epicenter. The seaside cities of Macuto, Guarenas and Guatire were the most severely affected by the earthquake. The Los Roques archipelago in the Caribbean Sea suffered heavy impact, reportedly having the highest number of victims. Estimates for the number of deaths vary; from a single report of 25 deaths in Guarenas,Significant Earthquake Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2583 NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information August 2, 2022 10.7289/V5TD9V7K to 140 people killed.Ferrer D., Cluff L. Caracas, Venezuela earthquake of July 29, 1967 Soil Engineering and Engineering Geology Observations 1969 https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/4_vol3_J2-151.pdf 13 June 2021 Proceedings of the 4th world conference on earthquake engineering Santiago, Chile Large landslides and liquefactions took place in Anzoátegui, Aragua, Carabobo, Distrito Capital, Miranda and Vargas. The heavily populated localities that were affected include Barcelona, Onoto and Carenero. Some slight damage was reported in San Antonio de Los Altos, Paparo, Panaquire, Guarenas, Capaya, La Tortuga Island, Los Roques archipelago, Güigüe, San Diego, Clarines, Puerto Cabello and Caucagua. Iglesia de San Francisco, a church in Caracas, was severely damaged. Another church in Naiguatá was completely destroyed. In Macuto, landslides buried or destroyed railway lines serving the cities Caracas and La Guaira. Guatire saw 237 homes, a parish church, government house, and court offices damaged or collapsed. In Guarenas, some 72 homes toppled.Liendo Daniel A 119 años del Sismo de San Narciso el Gobierno Bolivariano promueve una cultura sísmica en comunidades y escuelas http://www.minci.gob.ve/a-119-anos-del-sismo-de-san-narciso-el-gobierno-bolivariano-promueve-una-cultura-sismica-en-comunidades-y-escuelas/ minci.gob.ve Ministry of Communication and Information 12 June 2021 Spanish 2019 At the El Rincón port in Barcelona, built on alluvium deposits from the Neverí River, many large cracks opened in the ground, and some were longer than 300 m. A 400 m2 area of alluvium in the city experienced substantial ground subsidence. Field observations also reported that an opening of the river narrowed by more than 2 m, while its water level rose. The water level in several saline wells rose by several meters and began sloshing violently.Sirel Colón Alejandra Leal Franck Audemard Raquel Vásquez José Antonio Rodríguez Análisis macrosísmico del sismo MW~7,6 de san narciso del 29 de octubre de 1900, aplicando la escala medio–ambiental de intensidad sísmica ESI 2007 Journal of the Faculty of Engineering 2019 34 1 http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_fiucv/article/view/19293/144814485663 12 June 2021 Macroseismic analysis of the earthquake MW ~ 7.6 in San Narciso of October 29, 1900, applying the environmental scale of seismic intensity ESI 2007 Spanish 2443-4477 Along the Unare River in Anzoátegui, portions of its bank slumped into the water. Large and deep fissures opened, ejecting mud and water. Seiches formed along the river, causing water to breach the channel by 7 m. One person was caught in the waves but managed to escape. In Carenero, Miranda, the ground sprouted black water that smelled of sulfur. Liquefaction caused several homes and other buildings to sink partially. Hot springs located near San Diego, Anzoátegui, were subsequently dried up after the earthquake. Residents living around Lake Valencia reported violent seiches. They added that large flames and fire shot from the ground near the lake shores. A landslide about 100 m across blocked a section of the Caracas-La Guaira highway between Guaracarumbo and Ojo de Agua. Tsunami A tsunami flooded the low-lying near shore zones of northern Venezuela. Waves swept into the Los Roques archipelago and north-central Venezuelan coasts. It manifested in the form of tidal bores at the mouth of the Neverí River which resulted in the rise in water level. The tsunami is estimated to be 1–meter high. Witnesses at the coast at the mouth of the Guapo River in Puerto Tuy, Miranda reported seeing large waves up to 10 meters high, although this claim is disputed. Because the earthquake struck in complete darkness, before sunrise, it is unlikely the eyewitnesses could have a clear view of the wave. In addition, it is nearly impossible for them to survive being struck by the 10-meter tsunami. The small village of Paparo was partially submerged by the waves. A better estimate of the maximum tsunami wave height is 5 meters at Barlovento.Franck Albert Audemard M. Alejandra F. Leal Guzman Reliability of first-hand accounts on the study of historical tsunamis in northeastern Venezuela (southeastern Caribbean Sea) Annals of Geophysics 2017 60 6 3 10.4401/ag-7437 https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/view/7437 13 June 2021 free The tsunami may have been generated by a submarine landslide or significant vertical slip mechanism associated with faulting. Legacy The earthquake of 1900 was a catalyst in expanding research in seismology in Venezuela. The first seismic instruments were brought into the country and installed at the Cagigal Observatory from November 1900 to early 1901.R. Altez J. Grases A brief history of a restless vision: seismological research in Venezuela Annals of Geophysics 2004 47 2–3 10.4401/ag-3312 https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/view/3312 13 June 2021 free See also List of earthquakes in 1900 List of earthquakes in Venezuela References External links 16957719 Category:Earthquakes in Venezuela Category:1900 natural disasters Category:1900 in science Category:1900 in the environment Category:1900s floods Category:20th-century floods in South America Category:Tsunamis in Venezuela Category:1900 disasters in Venezuela San Narciso earthquake Category:1900 earthquakes