1921 Yakut revolt

1921–1923 uprising during the Russian Civil War December 2014 the 1918 Yakut revolt Yakut revolt (1918) 1921 Yakut revolt the Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War 2 September 1921 – 16 June 1923 Ayano-Maysky District of the Russian Far East Dissolution of the Provisional Priamurye Government Soviet victory End of the Russian Civil War Russian SFSR 1918Far Eastern RepublicSoviet Union 1922 (from 30 December 1922) Russia White Army Provisional Yakut Regional People's Government Flag of Siberia dark.svg Siberian volunteer squad Russian SFSR 1918 Ivan StrodRussian SFSR 1918 Stepan VostretsovFar Eastern Republic Nestor Kalandarishvili Before 2 September 1921Russia Mikhail KorobeinikovAfter 2 September 1921Flag of Siberia dark.svg Anatoly Pepelyayev 5,000 1,500~5,000 The 1921 Yakut revolt (ru Якутский мятеж Yakutsky myatezh) or the Yakut expedition (ru no Якутский поход Yakutsky pokhod) was the last episode and final set of military engagements of the Russian Civil War. The hostilities took place between September 1921 and June 1923 and were centered on the Ayano-Maysky District of the Russian Far East. Chronology An uprising flared up in this part of Yakutia in September 1921. About 200 White Russians were led by Cornet Mikhail Korobeinikov.June 2025 The Communist Party sent more troops to deal with the revolt. Among the reinforcements was a contingent of the Far Eastern Republic, led by Nestor Kalandarishvili, which arrived to assist in counter-insurgency operations in January 1922.Allison 2023 197 Heath 2009 In March 1922, the Whites established the Provisional Yakut Regional People's Government in Churapcha.June 2025 On 6 March, Kalandarishvili's unit was ambushed and he was reportedly killed by the insurgents. However, historians have also proposed that he may have been murdered in an internal purge by local Bolsheviks who regarded him as a potential threat to their power or politically unreliable.Allison 2023 197 Heath 2009 On 23 March, Korobeinikov's Yakut People's Army, armed with six machine guns, captured the major town of Yakutsk. The Red Army garrison was decimated. In April, the White Army contacted the Provisional Priamurye Government in Vladivostok, asking for help. On 27 April, the Russian Bolshevik government declared the Yakut ASSR and sent an expedition to put down the uprising. In summer 1922, the Whites were ousted from Yakutsk and withdrew to the Pacific coast. They occupied the port towns of Okhotsk and Ayan and again asked Vladivostok for reinforcements. On 30 August, the Pacific Ocean Fleet, crewed by about 750 volunteers under Lieutenant General Anatoly Pepelyayev, sailed from Vladivostok to assist the White Russian forces. Three days later, this force disembarked in Ayan and moved upon Yakutsk. By the end of October, when Pepelyayev captured the locality of Nelkan, he learned that the Bolsheviks had wrested Vladivostok from the White Army and the Civil War was over. When the Soviet Union was formed on 30 December 1922, the only Russian territory still controlled by the White Movement was the region of the Pepelyayevshchina ("пепеляевщина"), so-called in the Soviet historiography, that is, Ayan, Okhotsk and Nelkan. A unit of Bolshevik forces under Ivan Strod was sent against Pepelyayev in February 1923. On 12 February, they defeated Pepelyayev's forces near Sasyl-Sasyg; in March, the White Army retreated from Amga. On 24 April 1923, the ships Stavropol and Indigirka sailed from Vladivostok for Ayan. They contained a contingent of the Red Army under Stepan Vostretsov. Upon his arrival in Ayan on 6 April, Vostretsov learned that Pepelyayev had evacuated to Nelkan. The remainder of the White Army were defeated near Okhotsk on 6 June and near Ayan on 16 June. 103 White officers and 230 soldiers were taken prisoner and transported to Vladivostok. Pepelyayev himself was captured after the battle of Ayan, and he would spend the next 13 years in the gulag camps before being executed during the Stalinist purges in 1938. See also The Winter Road References Works cited Recent battles in the Far East M., Centerpolygraph 2005 Petrushin Alexander Omsk, Ayan, Lubyanka. The Three Lives of General Pepelyaev "Homeland" No. 9 1996 Allison Charlie 2023 Nestor Kalandarishvili No Harmless Power: The Life and Times of the Ukrainian Anarchist Nestor Makhno PM Press 978-1-62963-471-5 197 Klipel V. I. Argonauts of the snow. About the failed campaign of General A. Pepelyaev http://www.jornaldalniyvostok.ru Grachev G. P. Yakut campaign of General Pepelyaev P. K. Konkin http://ilin-yakutsk.narod.ru/2005-6/46.htm Heath Nick 22 August 2009 Kalandarishvili, Nestor Alexandrevitch, 1876-1922 https://libcom.org/article/kalandarishvili-nestor-alexandrevitch-1876-1922 Libcom.org Anarchists who turned to the Bolsheviks February 2012 Category:Military operations of the Russian Civil War in 1921 Category:Military operations of the Russian Civil War in 1922 Category:1923 conflicts Category:Anti-Bolshevik uprisings Category:History of the Sakha Republic Category:History of Khabarovsk Krai Category:1921 in Russia Category:1922 in Russia Category:1923 in Russia Category:1922 in the Soviet Union Category:1923 in the Soviet Union Category:1921 in Asia Category:1922 in Asia Category:1923 in Asia Category:History of the Russian Far East Category:Military history of the Arctic Category:Battles involving Soviet Russia (1917–1922) Category:White movement Category:1920s in Siberia Category:Rebellions in the Soviet Union