16:9 aspect ratio

Aspect ratio with a width of 16 units and height of 9 units 16x9 the TV series 16×916×9 thumb|A television with the 16:9 image ratio 16:9 (1.7:1) or sixteen-nine is an aspect ratio with a width of 16 units and height of 9 units. Once seen as an exotic aspect ratio,Hoehler Dieter 2008-06-03 A Brief Review on HDTV in Europe in the early 90's https://www.live-production.tv/case-studies/sports/brief-review-hdtv-europe-early-90%E2%80%99s.html Live-Production.TV since 1999, it has become the most common aspect ratio for televisions and computer monitors, and is also the standard aspect ratio for the UHD, 4K and 8K formats. 16:9 is the widescreen standard formatRecommendation ITU-R BT.1197-1 Enhanced wide-screen PAL TV transmission system (the PALplus system) https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.1197-1-199802-W!!PDF-E.pdf itu.int and Wide-aspect Clear-vision.https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.1298-0-199710-W!!PDF-E.pdf Recommendation ITU-R BT.1298 - Enhanced wide-screen NTSC TV transmission system ITU 1997 Japan's Hi-Vision originally started with a 15:9 ratio but converted when the international standards group introduced the wider ratio 16:9. Many digital video cameras have the capability to record in 16:9. It is the only aspect ratio natively supported by Blu-ray, but Blu-ray producers can also choose to show even a wider ratio such as 2.40:1 within the 16:9 frame adding Letterbox black bars within the image itself.May 2023 History thumb|Derivation of the 16:9 aspect ratioThe main figure shows 4:3 and 2.40:1 rectangles with the same area A, and 16:9 rectangles that covers (black) or is common to (grey) them. The calculation considers the extreme rectangles, where m and n are multipliers to maintain their respective aspect ratios and areas. Kerns H. Powers, a member of the SMPTE Working Group on High-Definition Electronic Production, first proposed the 16:9 (1.77:1) aspect ratio in 1984.http://www.sportsvideo.org/new/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Searching-for-the-Perfect-Aspect-Ratio.pdf Searching for the Perfect Aspect Ratio 2018-07-16 2023-06-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155207/http://www.sportsvideo.org/new/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Searching-for-the-Perfect-Aspect-Ratio.pdf dead The popular choices in 1980 were 4:3 (based on TV standard's ratio at the time), 15:9 (5:3) (the European "flat" 1.66:1 ratio), 1.85:1 (the American "flat" ratio) and 2.35:1 (the CinemaScope/Panavision) ratio for anamorphic widescreen. Powers cut out rectangles with equal areas, shaped to match each of the popular aspect ratios. When overlapped with their center points aligned, he found that all of those aspect ratio rectangles fit within an outer rectangle with an aspect ratio of 1.77:1 and all of them also covered a smaller common inner rectangle with the same aspect ratio 1.78:1.http://www.cinemasource.com/articles/aspect_ratios.pdf#page=8 Technical bulletin Understanding Aspect Ratios CinemaSource The CinemaSource Press 2001 2009-10-24 2021-10-11 https://web.archive.org/web/20211011084807/http://www.cinemasource.com/articles/aspect_ratios.pdf#page=8 dead The value found by Powers is exactly the geometric mean of the extreme aspect ratios, 4:3 and 2.40:1, ≈1.77 which is coincidentally close to 16:9. Applying the same geometric mean technique to 16:9 and 4:3 yields an aspect ratio of around 1.54:1, sometimes approximated as 14:9 (1.55:1), which is likewise used as a compromise between these ratios.Method of showing 16:9 pictures on 4:3 displays EN 5956091 1999-09-21 While 16:9 (1.77:1) was initially selected as a compromise format, the subsequent popularity of HD broadcast has solidified 16:9 as perhaps the most common video aspect ratio in use.2014-06-13 Why 16:9 aspect ratio was chosen for HD? http://guruprasad.net/posts/why-16-9-aspect-ratio-was-chosen-for-hd/ 2021-09-17 Guruprasad's Portal en-US 2021-11-16 https://web.archive.org/web/20211116072240/http://guruprasad.net/posts/why-16-9-aspect-ratio-was-chosen-for-hd/ usurped Most 4:3 (1.33:1) and 21:9 video is now recorded using a "shoot and protect" technique that keeps the main action within a 16:9 (1.77:1) inner rectangle to facilitate 16:9 conversion and viewing.EBU CH http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_280-baker.pdf Safe areas for widescreen transmission I Baker BBC 1999-08-25 2009-10-27 https://web.archive.org/web/20101011055023/http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_280-baker.pdf 2010-10-11 dead Conversely it is quite common to use a technique known as center-cutting, to approach the challenge of presenting material shot (typically 16:9) to both an HD and legacy 4:3 audience simultaneously without having to compromise image size for either audience. Content creators frame critical content or graphics to fit within the 1.33:1 raster space. This has similarities to a filming technique called open matte. In 1993, the European Union instituted the 16:9 Action Plan,legislation summary http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/other/l24103c_en.htm Television in the 16:9 screen format Europa EU 2011-09-08 to accelerate the development of the advanced television services in 16:9 aspect ratio, both in PALplus (compatible with regular PAL broadcasts) and also in HD-MAC (an early HD format). The Community fund for the 16:9 Action Plan amounted to €228,000,000. Over a long period in the late 2000s and early 2010s, the computer industry switched from 4:3 to 16:10 (1.60:1) and then to 16:9 as the most common aspect ratio for monitors and laptops. A 2008 report by DisplaySearch cited a number of reasons for this shift, including the ability for PC and monitor manufacturers to expand their product ranges by offering products with wider screens and higher resolutions, helping consumers to more easily adopt such products and "stimulating the growth of the notebook PC and LCD monitor market".http://www.displaysearch.com/cps/rde/xchg/SID-0A424DE8-28DF6E59/displaysearch/hs.xsl/070108_16by9_PR.asp Product Planners and Marketers Must Act Before 16:9 Panels Replace Mainstream 16:10 Notebook PC and Monitor LCD Panels, New DisplaySearch Topical Report Advises DisplaySearch 2008-07-01 2011-09-08 By using the same aspect ratio for both TVs and monitors, manufacturing can be streamlined and research costs reduced by not requiring two separate sets of equipment, and since a 16:9 is narrower than a 16:10 panel of the same length, more panels can be created per sheet of glass.http://blog.lenovo.com/en/blog/display-ratio-change-again Display Ratio Change (again) 2009-04-14 2020-01-22 2020-03-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20200302211457/http://blog.lenovo.com/en/blog/display-ratio-change-again deadhttps://bit-tech.net/blogs/tech/16-10-vs-16-9-the-monitor-aspect-ratio/1/ 16:10 vs 16:9 - the monitor aspect ratio conundrum 2012-10-22 2020-01-22https://press.trendforce.com/node/view/3307.html Resurgence of 16:10 Aspect Ratio Laptop Computers to Occupy 2% Share of Non-Apple Market in 2020, Says TrendForce 2019-04-11 2020-01-22 In 2011, Bennie Budler, product manager of IT products at Samsung South Africa, confirmed that monitors with a native resolution of 1920×1200 were not being manufactured anymore. "It is all about reducing manufacturing costs. The new 16:9 aspect ratio panels are more cost-effective to manufacture locally than the previous 16:10 panels".http://mybroadband.co.za/news/hardware/17621-Widescreen-monitors-Where-did-1920x1200.html Widescreen monitors: Where did 1920×1200 go? « Hardware « MyBroadband Tech and IT News Mybroadband.co.za 2011-01-10 2011-09-08 In March 2011, the 16:9 resolution 1920×1080 became the most common used resolution among Steam's users. The previous most common resolution was 1680×1050 (16:10).http://store.steampowered.com/hwsurvey Steam Hardware & Software Survey Steam 2011-09-08 By July 2022, Steam reported 16:9 resolutions were used by 77% of its users (1920x1080 with 67%; 2560x1440 with 10%).https://store.steampowered.com/hwsurvey Steam Hardware & Software Survey store.steampowered.com Properties March 2023 16:9 is the only widescreen aspect ratio natively supported by the DVD format. An anamorphic PAL region DVD video frame has a maximum resolution of 720x576p, but a video player software will stretch this to 1024x576p. Producers can also choose to show even wider ratios such as 1.85:1 and 2.4:1 within the 16:9 DVD frame by hard matting or adding black bars within the image itself. Some films which were made in a 1.85:1 aspect ratio, such as the U.S.-Italian co-production Man of La Mancha and Kenneth Branagh's Much Ado About Nothing, fit quite comfortably onto a 1.77:1 HDTV screen and have been issued as an enhanced version on DVD without the black bars. Many digital video cameras also have the capability to record in 16:9. Common resolutions Width Height Name 256 144 Low quality 427 240 NTSC widescreen 480 270 Cropped 4:3 360p to 16:9 640 360 nHD 854 480 FWVGA 960 540 qHD 1024 576 WSVGA 1280 720 HD 1366 768 FWXGA 1600 900 HD+ 1920 1080 Full HD 2048 1152 QWXGA 2560 1440 QHD 3200 1800 QHD+ 3840 2160 4K UHD 5120 2880 5K 7680 4320 8K 15360 8640 16K 30720 17280 32K See also Display aspect ratio Videos with display aspect ratio 16:9 on Commons Display resolution 1080p 2160p 4320p References External links http://www.necdisplay.com/support/css/monitortechguide/index05.htm NEC NEC Monitor Technology Guide 2006-07-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20060521000427/http://www.necdisplay.com/support/css/monitortechguide/index05.htm 2006-05-21 Category:Picture aspect ratios Category:High-definition television Category:Ultra-high-definition television