1903 Gainesville tornado

Tornado which struck Gainesville on 1 June 1903 __NOTOC__ June 1, 1903, 12:45 p.m. EST (UTC−05:00) ≤2 minutes June 1, 1903, 12:47 p.m. EST (UTC−05:00) F4 4 mi km on 98+ 180+ $1,000,000 (1903 USD) $US 1,000,000 1903 -4 (US USD) Gainesville, Georgia, United States On Monday, June 1, 1903, an extremely short lived but violent and catastrophic tornado struck the city of Gainesville, Georgia, killing at least 98 people and injuring 180 or more.Johnny Vardeman Johnny Vardeman: 113 years ago, another tornado took deadly toll on Gainesville https://www.gainesvilletimes.com/columnists/columnists/johnny-vardeman-113-years-ago-another-tornado-took-deadly-toll-on-gainesville/ Gainesville Times 22 March 2023 March 21, 20161903-06-02 85 ARE KILLED BY GEORGIA TORNADO; City of Gainesville Wrecked Within Two Minutes. FIRE AMONG THE RUINS Cotton Mill Operatives Buried Under Machines – Majority of Victims Women and Children – 200 Houses Demolished. en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1903/06/02/archives/85-are-killed-by-georgia-tornado-city-of-gainesville-wrecked-within.html 2023-03-22 0362-433125 Deadliest U.S. Tornadoes https://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/killers.html 2023-03-22 www.spc.noaa.gov The tornado is retrospectively estimated to have been an F4 on the modern-day Fujita scale.Multiple sources: Grazulis 1984 A-19 Grazulis 1993 700nb Fujita The Fujita scale was devised under the aegis of scientist T. Theodore Fujita in the early 1970s. Prior to the advent of the scale in 1971, tornadoes in the United States were officially unrated.Grazulis 1993 141Grazulis 2001a 131 While the Fujita scale has been superseded by the Enhanced Fujita scale in the U.S. since February 1, 2007,Edwards Roger Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ef-scale.html The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC) Storm Prediction Center February 25, 2016 March 5, 2015 Canada used the old scale until April 1, 2013;Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-Scale) https://www.ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=En&n=41E875DA-1 Environment and Climate Change Canada February 25, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220706/http://www.ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=En&n=41E875DA-1 March 3, 2016 June 6, 2013 dead nations elsewhere, like the United Kingdom, apply other classifications such as the TORRO scale.The International Tornado Intensity Scale http://www.torro.org.uk/tscale.php Tornado and Storm Research Organisation February 25, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160305120332/http://www.torro.org.uk/tscale.php March 5, 2016 2016 dead The tornado, which was of very brief duration relative to its intensity, lasted approximately two minutes, and struck a trail roughly 4 mi km on on long. According to tornado researcher Thomas P. Grazulis, the Gainesville tornado was one of the shortest-tracked F4 tornadoes on record.Grazulis 1984 A-19 It skirted the south of the city, starting in the southwest and proceeding northeast, passing through a natural depression roughly 100 ft m on lower than the city itself. The area, which included cotton mills, reported about 50 deaths and incurred the worst damage; in this area the intensity of the damage was equivalent to low-end F4 status.Marbury J. B. Tornado at Gainesville, Ga., June 1, 1903 June 1903 Monthly Weather Review en 31 6 268–269 10.1175/1520-0493(1903)31[268b:TAGGJ]2.0.CO;2 0027-0644 free Unlike a similar event in 1936, the 1903 tornado missed downtown Gainesville.Grazulis 1993 700 The tornado, initially appearing along the train track, was at first thought to be smoke from a train. It struck a cotton mill at 12:45 p.m. local standard time, ripping off the top floor where a number of children were working, many of them numbering among the fatalities. The power of the tornado ripped an iron cupola from an approximately 40 ft m mid -wide standpipe, crushing a number of people when it fell down. The tornado also damaged the Gainesville Iron Works and track, signals and freight cars of the Southern Railway Company, before destroying approximately 70 of the 120 workers' cottages at the Pacolet Mills in New Holland, where young children and elderly were located at the time. In total, at least 98—and possibly as many as 104—people were killed and at least 180 injured, with some reports indicating up to 190 injuries. The number of people harmed was reduced due to many workers attending picnics away from the site when the tornado struck. Almost 33 years later, on April 6, 1936, another violent tornado struck Gainesville, claiming at least 203 lives. Gainesville is the only town of its size to be so devastated twice by tornadoes in its history.Grazulis 2001a 26 See also 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak — Produced another catastrophic F4 tornado in the same city 1998 Gainesville–Stoneville tornado outbreak Notes nb References 2 Sources Grazulis Thomas P. Thomas P. Grazulis May 1984 Violent Tornado Climatography, 1880–1982 NUREG CR-3670 OSTI Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 7099491 free Grazulis Thomas P. Significant Tornadoes 1880–1989 November 1990 The Tornado Project of Environmental Films St. Johnsbury, Vermont 1-879362-02-3 2 Grazulis Thomas P. Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events July 1993 The Tornado Project of Environmental Films St. Johnsbury, Vermont 1-879362-03-1 Grazulis Thomas P. The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm https://archive.org/details/tornadonaturesul0000graz registration 2001a University of Oklahoma Press Norman 978-0-8061-3538-0 Grazulis Thomas P. F5-F6 Tornadoes The Tornado Project of Environmental Films 2001b St. Johnsbury, Vermont Category:Gainesville, Georgia 1903-06-01 1903-06-01 1903-06-01