1937 Finnish presidential election

none 1937 Finnish presidential election Finland presidential no 1931 Finnish presidential election 1931 1940 Finnish presidential election 1940 15–16 January 1937 x140px|Kyösti Kallio Kyösti Kallio Agrarian League (Finland) 177 184,668 x140px|Pehr Evind Svinhufvud Pehr Evind Svinhufvud National Coalition Party 104 240,602 x140px|Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg National Progressive Party (Finland) FFFF00 19 141,897 President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud National Coalition Party Kyösti Kallio Agrarian League (Finland) Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1937. The first stage was on 15 and 16 January 1937 as the public selected 300 presidential electors to an electoral college.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p606 978-3-8329-5609-7 The 300 electors, in turn, met on 15 February 1937 to elect the President. On the first ballot, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg received 150 electoral votes, one vote short of the 151 necessary for a majority. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, the incumbent President of Finland, received 94 votes and Kyösti Kallio was third with only 56 votes. On the second ballot, 131 of Stahlberg's electors deserted him, and Kallio received 177 votes, with 104 for Svinhufvud and only 19 for Stahlberg .Nohlen & Stöver, p628 The turnout for the popular vote was 57.8%.Nohlen & Stöver, p623 Background The issues the election campaign was fought on included President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud's refusal in September and October 1936 to allow the Social Democrats - then clearly the largest political party in Finland - to enter the government, Prime Minister Kallio's moderate and conciliatory attitude towards the Social Democrats, former President Ståhlberg's second attempt to regain power, and the distribution of the new Finnish economic prosperity among the various social classes, especially labourers and peasants. Almost one-third of the electors originally supported the Social Democratic candidate, Väinö Tanner, whose supporters conceded that he had no chance of being elected in the bourgeois Finland, but emphasized that his electors could probably decide who would win the presidency. President Svinhufvud also had almost one-third of the electors behind him (including the right-wing electors of the Swedish People's Party), while both Kallio and Ståhlberg each had just under one-fifth of the electors supporting them. However, Kallio had the fewest uncompromising opponents in the Electoral College. This made him easily the second-best choice (after Ståhlberg) for the Social Democrats and the moderate supporters of Ståhlberg. Thus Kallio won the presidency clearly on the second ballot. Kallio's victory was helped also by the fact that the ideological quarrels in Finland had calmed down considerably since the early and mid-1930s, given Finland's rising prosperity, the gradually increasing Agrarian-Social Democratic co-operation, and the far right's decreasing support.Seppo Zetterberg et al (2003) A Small Giant of Finnish History, WSOY, pp653–654Pentti Virrankoski (2009) A History of Finland, Finnish Literature Society, pp823–824Sakari Virkkunen (1994) Finland's Presidents I, Otava, pp201, 211–212Kari Hokkanen (1986) Kyösti Kallio II, WSOYSakari Virkkunen (1994) Finland's Presidents II Results thumb|President Kyösti Kallio assumes his post. The new and the old president leave the Parliament house in Helsinki 1.3.1937 Popular vote Social Democratic Party 341408 95 General electoral alliance for Svinhufvud 240602 63 National Coalition Party Supporters of Kallio 184668 56 Centre Party (Finland) General electoral alliance for Ståhlberg 141897 36 National Progressive Party (Finland) Swedish People's Party 102250 25 Patriotic People's Movement 90378 23 Swedish Left 10743 2 Others 700 0 3058 1929868 Nohln & Stöver Electoral college Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg National Progressive Party 150 19 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud National Coalition Party 94 104 Kyösti Kallio Agrarian League 56 177 Nohlen & Stöver References Category:Presidential elections in Finland Presidential Finland