1 Samuel 8

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 8 1 Samuel 7 chapter 7 1 Samuel 9 chapter 9 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf 240px The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Samuel 8 is the eighth chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 181 According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197 This chapter records the request from the elders of Israel to Samuel for a king, part of a section comprising 1 Samuel 7–15 which records the rise of the monarchy in Israel and the account of the first years of King Saul.Jones 2007 203 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 22 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSama; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 7, 9–14, 16–20.Ulrich 2010 268Dead sea scrolls – 1 SamuelFitzmyer 2008 354Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Places Israel 240 right Southern part of Israel Places mentioned in this chapter Israel 31.885278 35.216389 Red pog.svg 6 Mizpah 100 top Israel 31.244722 34.840833 Blue pog.svg 6 Beersheba 100 top Israel 31.85 35.23167 Blue pog.svg 6 Ramah 100 bottom Israel 31.5 35.3 Blue pog.svg 1 Dead Sea 100 right Israel 33 34 Red pog.svg 1 Mediterranean Sea 100 right Beersheba Ramah Analysis This chapter records the elders of Israel's request for a king and reports their persistence despite the warning from Samuel regarding the 'oppressive ways of kings'. One reason for the quest for a king was that Samuel's sons were unfit to succeed him (verses 3, 5), because they perverted justice in Beersheba, recalling the behavior of Eli's sons. One more explicit reason was that the people wished to be governed 'like other nations' (cf. Deuteronomy 17:14) with supposedly better military advantages (verse 20), than a new line of judges.Jones 2007 204 The antimonarchial stance was given in three different sections of this chapter:Jones 2007 204 the proposal displeased Samuel and was regarded by Yahweh as a rejection of himself, instead of Samuel (verses 6–9) Samuel gave a negative view of 'the ways of the king' (verses 10–17), such as the conscription of personnel for military duties (verses 11–12a) and for labor (verse 12b–13), the confiscation of property and provisions for maintaining a court (verses 14–15), and the confiscation of stock (verse 16, reading 'cattle' with LXX in preference to 'young men' in the MT). Akkadian texts from Ras Shamra testify to many of the practices listed in verses 11–17.Mendelsohn, I. (1956), 'Samuel's Denunciation of Kingship in the Light of the Akkadian Documents from Egypt', BASOR 143:17-22.Crüsemann, F. (1978), 'Der Widerstand gegen das Konigtum: Die antikoniglichen Texte des Alten Testaments und der Kampfum denfruhen israelitischen Staat', WMANT 49 (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag) The practice was listed during Solomon's reign in 1 Kings 10–11. The kingship was reluctantly permitted, tolerated rather than approved (cf. verse 7), because of Israel's determination (verses 19–21).Jones 2007 204 The narrative further harmonized two opposing views: (1) the monarchy was not approved by Yahweh, but (2) Yahweh himself was responsible for selecting the first kings of Israel.Jones 2007 204 Samuel's sons (8:1–3) When Samuel was at old age (verse 1), his sons, who were appointed as judges, became corrupt (verse 2). This draws a parallel to Samuel's mentor, Eli, whose sons became corrupt at Eli's old age (1 Samuel 2:22), leading to prophetic judgments on his family, Israel's defeat and loss of ark to the Philistines (1 Samuel 4). In the case of Samuel, the corruption of his sons led to the elders of Israel requesting for a king.Evans 2018 103 Verse 2 Now the name of his firstborn was Joel; and the name of his second, Abiah: they were judges in Beersheba.1 Samuel 8:2 KJV KJV Cross reference: 1 Chronicles 6:28 ESV "Beersheba": located on the southernmost frontier of Judah, implying the recovery of the territory from the Philistines (1 Samuel 7:14).Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Bible – 1 Samuel 8. James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. The placement of Samuel's sons here is supported by the writing of Josephus (from 1st century CE).Josephus. Antiquitates. 6.3.2. The demand for a king (8:4–22) The elders of Israel point to the corrupt ways of Samuel's sons and Samuel's old age as reasons to have a king like all 'other nations' (verse 5), contrary to God's declaration that Israel is 'above all the nations' (Deuteronomy 26:19) because they have YHWH as their king.Evans 2018 103–104 This has once been brought out in Judges 8, when people asked Gideon to rule over them, but Gideon declined by saying that "the Lord will rule over you" (Judges 8:23).Evans 2018 104 Samuel was deeply offended by the request, as verse 6 states the request "displeased" him (in Hebrew: 'this thing is evil in Samuel's eye'), because the request in Hebrew was literally for "a king to judge them", thereby attacking his lifelong role (and of his sons').Evans 2018 104 When Samuel 'prayed to the Lord' (that is, 'he laid the matter before the Lord in prayer'Keil, Carl Friedrich; Delitzsch, Franz. Commentary on the Old Testament (1857–1878). 1 Samuel 8. Accessed 24 Juni 2018.), God assured Samuel that the people did not reject Samuel personally but rejecting God's kingship over them.Evans 2018 104 God did not seem surprised nor offended, instead quickly agreed to give the people a human king (verse 7), while explaining to Samuel that this behavior was consistent ever since God delivered the people in Exodus from Egypt until that time, in which the people tend to forsake God for false gods (verse 8).Evans 2018 104 In fact, the Torah already anticipated and prepared specific instructions for this occasion (Deuteronomy 17:14–15).Evans 2018 104 Verse 7 And the Lord said to Samuel, "Heed the voice of the people in all that they say to you; for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected Me, that I should not reign over them."1 Samuel 8:7 NKJV NKJV "Should not reign over them": that is, the people did not even want a theocratic king, whose first duty would be to maintain the Torah (Deuteronomy 17:18, 19).Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Samuel 8". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019. See also 22em Apostacy Biblical judges King Bible Related Bible parts: Judges 8, 1 Samuel 2, 1 Samuel 3, 1 Samuel 7 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 978-0-8028-3711-0 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC B&H Publishing Group 1996 978-0-8054-0107-3 Chapman Stephen B. 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2016 978-1-4674-4516-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ Evans Paul 1-2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Tremper Longman Zondervan Academic 2018 978-0-310-49094-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ Gordon Robert I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&pg=PA338 Paternoster Press 1986 978-0-310-23022-9 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0-664-22318-2 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 978-0-8028-2359-5 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0-19-528881-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 978-0-8028-6241-9 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0-300-18827-1 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0-19-927718-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 978-0-8028-3784-4 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 978-0-567-29289-6 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I – I Samuel – Chapter 8 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 8. Bible Gateway 08 Category:Samuel