1983 Italian general election

none 1983 Italian general election Italy legislative no 1979 Italian general election 1979 Legislature VIII of Italy 1987 Italian general election 1987 Legislature IX of Italy All 630 seats in the Chamber of Deputies316 seats needed for a majorityAll 315 elective seats in the Senate162 seats needed for a majoritytaking into account the Senators for life, who accounted for 7 seats at the time the election took place 26 June 1983 44,526,357 (C Chamber of Deputies)37,603,817 (S Senate) 39,188,182 (C Chamber of Deputies)88.0% (2.6 pp) 33,402,139 (S Senate)88.8% (1.9 pp) Ciriaco De Mita (X).jpg 120 120 160 Ciriaco De Mita Christian Democracy (Italy) Benevento (C Chamber of Deputies) 5 May 1982 225 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 120 (S Senate) 37 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 18 (S Senate) 12,153,081 (C Chamber of Deputies) 10,077,204 (S Senate) 32.9% (C Chamber of Deputies)32.4% (S Senate) 5.4 pp (C Chamber of Deputies) 5.9 pp (S Senate) Enrico Berlinguer 1976.jpg 120 120 160 Enrico Berlinguer 17 March 1972 Italian Communist Party Rome (C Chamber of Deputies) 198 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 107 (S Senate) 3 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 2 (S Senate) 11,032,318 (C Chamber of Deputies) 9,577,071 (S Senate) 29.9% (C Chamber of Deputies) 30.8% (S Senate) 0.5 pp (C Chamber of Deputies) 0.7 pp (S Senate) 160x160px Bettino Craxi 15 July 1976 Italian Socialist Party Milan (C Chamber of Deputies) 73 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 38 (S Senate) 11 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 6 (S Senate) 4,223,362 (C Chamber of Deputies) 3,539,593 (S Senate) 11.4% (C Chamber of Deputies) 11.4% (S Senate) 1.5 pp (C Chamber of Deputies) 1.0 pp (S Senate) Giorgio Almirante 1979.jpg 120 120 160 Giorgio Almirante 29 June 1969Almirante also served as secretary from 1948 to 1950. Italian Social Movement Rome (C Chamber of Deputies) 42 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 18 (S Senate) 12 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 5 (S Senate) 2,511,487 (C Chamber of Deputies) 2,283,524 (S Senate) 6.8% (C Chamber of Deputies)7.4% (S Senate) 1.6 pp (C Chamber of Deputies)1.7 pp (S Senate) Giovanni Spadolini 2.jpg 120 120 160 Giovanni Spadolini 23 September 1979 Italian Republican Party Milan (S Senate) 29 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 10 (S Senate) 13 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 4 (S Senate) 1,874,512 (C Chamber of Deputies) 1,452,279 (S Senate) 5.1% (C Chamber of Deputies) 4.7% (S Senate) 2.1 pp (C Chamber of Deputies)1.3 pp (S Senate) Pietro Longo IX Legislatura.jpg 120 120 160 Pietro Longo 20 October 1978 Italian Democratic Socialist Party Rome (C Chamber of Deputies) 23 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 8 (S Senate) 3 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 1 (S Senate) 1,508,234 (C Chamber of Deputies) 1,184,936 (S Senate) 4.1% (C Chamber of Deputies) 3.8% (S Senate) 0.3 pp (C Chamber of Deputies)0.4 pp (S Senate) 450px Results of the election in the Chamber and Senate. 450px Seat distribution for the Chamber of Deputies (left) and Senate (right). Prime Minister Prime Minister after the election Amintore Fanfani Christian Democracy (Italy) Bettino Craxi Italian Socialist Party The 1983 Italian general election was held in Italy on 26 June 1983.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1048 978-3-8329-5609-7 The Pentapartito formula, the governative alliance between five centrist parties, caused unexpected problems to Christian Democracy. The alliance was fixed and universal, extended both to the national government and to the local administrations. Considering that the election result did no longer depend on the strength of the DC, but the strength of the entire Pentapartito, centrist electors began to look at the Christian Democratic vote as not necessary to prevent a Communist success. Moreover, voting for one of the four minor parties of the alliance was seen as a form of moderate protest against the government without giving advantages to the PCI. Other minor effects of this election were a reduction of the referendarian Radical Party and the appearance of some regional forces. Electoral system The pure party-list proportional representation had traditionally become the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at national level, where they were divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists. For the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were established, even if the assembly had risen to 315 members. The candidates needed a landslide victory of two thirds of votes to be elected, a goal which could be reached only by the German minorities in South Tirol. All remained votes and seats were grouped in party lists and regional constituencies, where a D'Hondt method was used: inside the lists, candidates with the best percentages were elected. Historical background thumb|left|Rescue teams making their way through the rubble after the explosion in Bologna. On 2 August 1980, a bomb killed 85 people and wounded more than 200 in Bologna. Known as the Bologna massacre, the blast destroyed a large portion of the city's railway station. This was found to be a fascist bombing, mainly organized by the NAR, who had ties with the Roman criminal organization Banda della Magliana. In the following days the central square of Bologna, Piazza Maggiore, hosted large-scale demonstrations of indignation and protest among the population, in which were not spared harsh criticism and protests addressed to government representatives, who attended the funerals of the victims celebrated in the San Petronio Basilica on 6 August. In 1981 at a meeting of the Congress of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), was officially launched a centrist political alliance called Pentapartito, when the Christian Democrat Arnaldo Forlani and Socialist Secretary Bettino Craxi signed an agreement with the "blessing" of Giulio Andreotti. Because the agreement was signed in a trailer, it was called the "pact of the camper." The pact was also called "CAF" for the initials of the signers, Craxi-Andreotti-Forlani. With this agreement, the DC party recognized the equal dignity of the so-called "secular parties" of the majority (i.e., the Socialists, Social Democrats, Liberals and Republicans) and also guaranteed an alternation of government (in fact, Giovanni Spadolini of the PRI and Bettino Craxi of the PSI became the first non-Christian Democrats to hold the Presidency of the Council). With the birth of the Pentapartito, the possibility of the growth of the majority toward the Italian Communist Party (PCI) was finally dismissed. The Christian Democrats remained the leaders of the coalition, and managed several times to prevent representatives of the secular parties from becoming President of the Council. Parties and leaders Party Ideology LeaderSeats in 1979C Chamber of DeputiesS Senate of the RepublicTotal Christian Democracy (DC) Christian democracy Ciriaco De Mita 262 138 400 Italian Communist Party (PCI) Eurocommunism Enrico Berlinguer 201 109 310 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) Social democracy Bettino Craxi 62 32 94 Italian Social Movement (MSI) Neo-fascism Giorgio Almirante 30 13 43 Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) Social democracy Pietro Longo 20 9 29 Italian Republican Party (PRI) Liberalism Giovanni Spadolini 16 6 22 Radical Party (PR) Radicalism Marco Pannella 18 2 20 Italian Liberal Party (PLI) Liberalism Valerio Zanone 9 2 11 Proletarian Democracy (DP) Trotskyism Mario CapannaDid not run Results The DC respected the pact of an alternance of leadership between the parties of the alliance and accepted the Socialist secretary, Bettino Craxi, as the new Prime Minister of Italy. The Christian Democrats hoped that their minor responsibility could drive away some popular discontent from their party. The Italian Socialist Party so arrived to the highest office of the government for the first time in history. Differently from the DC, which had an oligarchic structure, the PSI was strongly ruled by its secretary, so the Craxi's premiership resulted the longest one without any political crisis in post-war Italy, despite some international tensions with the United States about the Palestine Liberation Organization. Craxi formed a renewed government in 1986, but could not survive in 1987 to a dispute with DC's secretary Ciriaco De Mita, who was searching and effectively obtained an early national election, ruled by an electoral Christian Democratic government with old Amintore Fanfani as PM. Chamber of Deputies File:Italian Chamber of Deputies, 1983.svg Christian Democracy 12153081 225 −37 Italian Communist Party 11032318 198 −3 Italian Socialist Party 4223362 73 +11 Italian Social Movement 2511487 42 +12 Italian Republican Party 1874512 29 +13 Italian Democratic Socialist Party 1508234 23 +3 Italian Liberal Party 1066980 16 +7 Radical Party 809810 11 −7 Proletarian Democracy 542039 7 +7 Pensioners' National Party 503461 0 New South Tyrolean People's Party 184940 3 −1 Liga Veneta 125311 1 New List for Trieste 92101 0 −1 Sardinian Action Party 91923 1 +1 Aosta Valley (UV–UVP–DP) 28086 1 0 Friuli Movement 26190 0 0 Trentino Tyrolean People's Party 18656 0 New Pensioners' Defence Union 15182 0 New Monarchist National Party 13573 0 New South Tyrol Party 12270 0 New Union of Pensioners and Retirees of Italy 9944 0 New Slovene Union 9434 0 New European Workers' Party 8074 0 0 Struggle List 6863 0 New Christian Social Action Party 6354 0 0 Living Liberation 5257 0 New Sicilian National Front 5228 0 0 National Party of Tenants 4768 0 New Sardinian Ecological Movement 4263 0 New PLI–PRI–PSDI 4239 0 New Movement for the Independence of Trieste 2913 0 New New Left 1853 0 New Justice and Freedom 1692 0 New Popular Christian Movement 1607 0 0 2282177 0 44526357 Ministry of the Interior Popular vote #ddd 550px 500px DC Christian Democracy (Italy) 32.93 PCI Italian Communist Party 29.89 PSI Italian Socialist Party 11.44 MSI Italian Social Movement 6.81 PRI Italian Republican Party 5.08 PSDI Italian Democratic Socialist Party 4.09 PLI Italian Liberal Party 2.89 PR Radical Party (Italy) 2.19 DP Proletarian Democracy 1.47 PNP Pensioners' Party (Italy) 1.36 Others Other 1.84 Seats #ddd 550px 500px DC Christian Democracy (Italy) 35.71 PCI Italian Communist Party 31.43 PSI Italian Socialist Party 11.59 MSI Italian Social Movement 6.67 PRI Italian Republican Party 4.60 PSDI Italian Democratic Socialist Party 3.65 PLI Italian Liberal Party 2.54 PR Radical Party (Italy) 1.75 DP Proletarian Democracy 1.11 Others Other 0.95 Results by constituency ConstituencyTotalseatsSeats wonDCPCIPSIMSIPRIPSDIPLIPRDPOthersTurin369124232211Cuneo14641111Genoa206821111Milan5114166342222Como2085211111Brescia231052111111Mantua7331Trentino83113Verona3014631111111Venice16742111Udine14632111Bologna26513212111Parma205102111Florence164921Pisa1547211Siena9351Ancona1767211Perugia103511Rome5317165532221L'Aquila147511Campobasso431Naples4214115612111Benevento1894311Bari259643111Lecce20853211Potenza7421Catanzaro23964211Catania2711643111Palermo2511632111Cagliari17662111Aosta Valley11Trieste211Total63022519873422923161176 Senate of the Republic File:Italian Senate, 1983.svg Christian Democracy 10077204 120 −18 Italian Communist Party 9577071 107 −2 Italian Socialist Party 3539593 38 +6 Italian Social Movement 2283524 18 +5 Italian Republican Party 1452279 10 +4 Italian Democratic Socialist Party 1184936 8 −1 Italian Liberal Party 834771 6 +4 Radical Party 548229 1 −1 Pensioners' National Party 370756 0 New Proletarian Democracy 327750 0 New South Tyrolean People's Party 157444 3 0 PLI–PRI 127504 1 0 PLI–PRI–PSDI 100218 0 0 Liga Veneta 91171 1 New List for Trieste 85542 0 0 Sardinian Action Party 76797 1 +1 PLI–PSDI 72298 0 0 For the Renewal of Molise 33525 0 New orange List for Trieste–PPPIU 27940 0 0 Aosta Valley (UV–UVP–DP) 26547 1 0 Friuli Movement 23847 0 0 Trentino Tyrolean People's Party 17354 0 New Christian Social Action Party 12588 0 New Union of Pensioners and Retirees of Italy 10895 0 New Slovene Union 8904 0 New Sicilian National Front 8243 0 New Struggle Front 6403 0 New List for Trieste–UDP 5678 0 0 2313128 0 37603817 Ministry of the Interior Popular vote #ddd 550px 500px DC Christian Democracy (Italy) 32.41 PCI Italian Communist Party 30.81 PSI Italian Socialist Party 11.39 MSI Italian Social Movement 7.35 PRI Italian Republican Party 4.67 PSDI Italian Democratic Socialist Party 3.81 PLI Italian Liberal Party 2.69 PR Radical Party (Italy) 1.76 PNP Pensioners' Party (Italy) 1.19 DP Proletarian Democracy 1.05 Others Other 2.87 Seats #ddd 550px 500px DC Christian Democracy (Italy) 38.10 PCI Italian Communist Party 33.97 PSI Italian Socialist Party 12.06 MSI Italian Social Movement 5.71 PRI Italian Republican Party 3.17 PSDI Italian Democratic Socialist Party 2.54 PLI Italian Liberal Party 1.90 PR Radical Party (Italy) 0.32 Others Other 2.22 Results by constituency ConstituencyTotalseatsSeats wonDCPCIPSIMSIPRIPSDIPLIPROthersPiedmont247831212Aosta Valley11Lombardy481715623221Trentino-Alto Adige7313Veneto2312521111Friuli-Venezia Giulia7421Liguria10451Emilia-Romagna2161221Tuscany1961021Umbria7241Marche8341Lazio279933111Abruzzo7421Molise22Campania291194411Apulia2086331Basilicata7421Calabria114421Sicily2610643111Sardinia84311Total3151201073818108617 References 1983 General election Category:June 1983 in Europe